In atomic physics, hyperfine structure is defined by small shifts in otherwise degenerate electronic energy levels and the resulting splittings in those...

Pauli exclusion principle, the Aufbau principle, and Hund's rule. Fine structure arises from relativistic kinetic energy corrections, spin–orbit coupling...

What is the meaning of the fine structure constant? — Wolfgang Pauli Dimensionless physical constant Hyperfine structure In quantum electrodynamics, α is...

nucleus is a slighter correction to the energy levels known as the hyperfine structure. This section presents a relatively simple and quantitative description...

atom with a simple two level structure, whereas most atomic species which are laser cooled have complicated hyperfine structure. Mechanisms such as Sisyphus...

perturbation theory. However, this equation does not contain the hyperfine structure corrections, which are due to interactions with the nuclear spin...

complicated by spin and quantum vacuum effects to produce fine structure and hyperfine structure. Nevertheless, the Bohr radius formula remains central in...

below the photon recoil limit. However, for atoms with an unresolved hyperfine structure, such as 7Li, the temperature achieved in a MOT will be higher than...

example, the fine-structure corrections are ignored. In the magnetic dipole approximation, the Hamiltonian which includes both the hyperfine and Zeeman interactions...

hydrogen, including fine structure (excluding Lamb shift and hyperfine structure), are given by the Sommerfeld fine-structure expression: E j n = − μ c...

applying extra terms to account for centrifugal distortion, fine structure, hyperfine structure and Coriolis coupling. Fitting the spectra to the theoretical...

moment; the quadrupole moment does cause some small shifts in the hyperfine structure as well. All nuclei that have nonzero spin also possess a nonzero...

Schrödinger equation". Atomic spectroscopy. Introduction of theory to Hyperfine Structure. p. 274. ISBN 978-0-387-25573-6. Tennyson, Jonathan (2005). Astronomical...

of the linewidth of a transition and undesirable effects such as hyperfine structure trapping and radiation trapping. Therefore the orientation of the...

lines correspond to much rarer atomic events such as hyperfine transitions. The fine structure also results in single spectral lines appearing as two...

1016/0031-9163(62)90420-1. Weiss, Rainer (1963). "Stark Effect and Hyperfine Structure of Hydrogen Fluoride". Phys. Rev. 131 (2): 659–665. Bibcode:1963PhRv...

from NASA. "List of Fellows". Frosch, Robert Alan (1952). Magnetic hyperfine structure in diatomic molecules (Ph.D.). Columbia University. OCLC 35805315...

magnetic dipole moment Electron electric dipole moment Fine structure Hyperfine structure "2022 CODATA Value: electron magnetic moment". The NIST Reference...

1926 that the observed hyperfine structure of atomic spectra was inconsistent with the proton–electron hypothesis. This structure is caused by the influence...

under the supervision of Samuel Goudsmit on the Zeeman effect of the hyperfine structure of atomic levels. After graduate work at the California Institute...

as the magnetic dipole moment of leptons, the Lamb shift, and the hyperfine structure of bound lepton pairs, such as muonium and positronium. Since photons...

Thomas Gold, and Hermann Bondi. Brown, Howard H. and King, John G. "Hyperfine Structure and Octopole Interaction in Stable Bromine Isotopes." Physical Review...

(1975). "Stark Spectroscopy with the CO Laser: Dipole Moments, Hyperfine Structure, and Level Crossing Effects in the Fundamental Band of NO". Canadian...

Vernon; Kabasakal, Yurdanur; Shugart, Howard; Tezer, Orhan (1968). "Hyperfine Structure of 67Ga and 72Ga". Physical Review. 176 (1): 25–42. Bibcode:1968PhRv...

frequency of the radiation associated with a transition between hyperfine structure energy states of an atom Turnover frequency in enzymology This disambiguation...

momentum with the spin of the electron that is responsible for the hyperfine structure of the spectroscopic lines. Norman F. Ramsey later modified the Rabi...

the presence of a magnetic field the 1s–2s transition splits into two hyperfine transitions with slightly different frequencies. The team calculated the...

orbital state of positronium is 1S, and like with hydrogen, it has a hyperfine structure arising from the relative orientations of the spins of the electron...

atomic physics experiments on atomic species with poorly-resolved hyperfine structure, like isotopes of lithium and potassium, often utilize gray molasses...

the 3p orbital split the D line into two, at 589.0 and 589.6 nm; hyperfine structures involving both orbitals cause many more lines. Twenty isotopes of...