statistical mechanics, loop integrals are the integrals which appear when evaluating the Feynman diagrams with one or more loops by integrating over the...

A proportional–integral–derivative controller (PID controller or three-term controller) is a feedback-based control loop mechanism commonly used to manage...

A closed-loop controller or feedback controller is a control loop which incorporates feedback, in contrast to an open-loop controller or non-feedback...

dimensional analysis and the absence of any inherent mass scale in the loop integral). Tadpole corrections are needed if the corresponding external field...

parametrization is a technique for evaluating loop integrals which arise from Feynman diagrams with one or more loops. However, it is sometimes useful in integration...

and Dominique Rivier. In this treatment, a divergence arising from a loop integral (such as vacuum polarization or electron self-energy) is modulated by...

parametrization is a technique for evaluating loop integrals which arise from Feynman diagrams with one or more loops. Using the well-known observation that...

In physics, a one-loop Feynman diagram is a connected Feynman diagram with only one cycle (unicyclic). Such a diagram can be obtained from a connected...

feeding back the selected output to the integral circuit of all controllers in the selection scheme so that a closed loop is maintained. "Microchip Application...

traveled one round of a conductive loop) on a conductive loop when the magnetic flux through the surface enclosed by the loop varies in time. Once Faraday's...

to obtain a Feynman's path integral (functional integration) description of quantum gravity. It is closely related to loop quantum gravity. On this section...

The Fresnel integrals S(x) and C(x) are two transcendental functions named after Augustin-Jean Fresnel that are used in optics and are closely related...

}} . The nonadiabatic coupling can be used to define a loop integral, analogous to a Wilson loop (1974) in field theory, developed independently for molecular...

maintains the conservation of the vector current in the definition of the loop integral, and places the anomaly in the axial current. This is known as the "covariant...

freedom. Showing that QCD is renormalizable at one-loop order requires the evaluation of loop integrals, which can be derived from Feynman rules and evaluated...

the infrared divergences coming from loop integrals are canceled by IR divergences coming from phase space integrals. It was introduced independently by...

mathematics, an integral domain is a nonzero commutative ring in which the product of any two nonzero elements is nonzero. Integral domains are generalizations...

no external lines at all. The reason loop diagrams are called loop diagrams is because the number of k-integrals that are left undetermined by momentum...

A product integral is any product-based counterpart of the usual sum-based integral of calculus. The product integral was developed by the mathematician...

individually as "causal loops." The term "time loop" is sometimes referred to as a causal loop, but although they appear similar, causal loops are unchanging and...

common general-purpose controller using a control-loop feedback mechanism is a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. Heuristically, the terms...

\gamma } a rectifiable simple loop in U ¯ {\textstyle {\overline {U}}} . The Cauchy integral theorem leads to Cauchy's integral formula and the residue theorem...

are studied in control systems engineering. Negative feedback loops also play an integral role in maintaining the atmospheric balance in various systems...

can be stated in one sentence: The line integral of a vector field over a loop is equal to the surface integral of its curl over the enclosed surface....

A phase-locked loop or phase lock loop (PLL) is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is fixed relative to the phase of an input...

nuclear power field, an integral reactor is a nuclear reactor design principle where the reactor core, primary cooling loop, steam generators and any...

x^{-1}} , as it should. Suppose one wishes to dimensionally regularize a loop integral which is logarithmically divergent in four dimensions, like I = ∫ d...

In physics, circulation is the line integral of a vector field around a closed curve. In fluid dynamics, the field is the fluid velocity field. In electrodynamics...

: 13–15  Other integrals can be approximated by versions of the Gaussian integral. Fourier integrals are also considered. The first integral, with broad...

notebooks often make use of hook-and-loop fasteners. Cloth diapers often make use of hook-and-loop fasteners. It is an integral part of games such as tag rugby...