Reward dependence (RD) is characterized as a tendency to respond markedly to signals of reward, particularly to verbal signals of social approval, social...

rewards Reward dependence, a personality trait in psychology Reward system, the brain structures and neural pathways that are involved in reward cognition...

Substance dependence, also known as drug dependence, is a biopsychological situation whereby an individual's functionality is dependent on the necessitated...

four so-called temperaments Novelty seeking (NS) Harm avoidance (HA) Reward dependence (RD) Persistence (PS) and three so-called characters Self-directedness...

nucleus accumbens plays a major role in mediating psychological dependence by inhibiting reward-related motivational salience, which mediates the onset of...

ISBN 978-0-443-07145-4. Roy A. Wise, Drug-activation of brain reward pathways, Drug and Alcohol Dependence 1998; 51 13–22. Goeders N.E., Smith J.E. (1983). "Cortical...

These personality traits are novelty seeking, harm avoidance and reward dependence. Each have four subscales. There are 100 true-false questions which...

Caffeine dependence is a condition characterized by a set of criteria, including tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts...

drug to act as a reward (ie, a pleasurable emotional state or positive reinforcer), which can lead to repeated drug use and dependence.8,9 A great deal...

automatic responses to danger and reward that rely on associative learning. The four temperaments, harm avoidance, reward dependence, novelty-seeking and persistence...

thrill seeking, novelty preference, risk taking, harm avoidance, and reward dependence. The novelty-seeking trait is considered a heritable tendency of individuals...

Nicotine dependence is a state of substance dependence on nicotine. It is a chronic, relapsing disease characterized by a compulsive craving to use the...

temperament dimensions: Novelty seeking(NS), harm avoidance(HM) and reward dependence (RD). However, upon the application of the Tridimensional Personality...

several sex-related disorders within hypersexual disorder. The term sexual dependence is also used to refer to people who report being unable to control their...

mediate aspects of physical opiate dependence and withdrawal, whereas in NAc they mediate reward tolerance and dependence that drives increased drug self-administration...

Physical dependence is a physical condition caused by chronic use of a tolerance-forming drug, in which abrupt or gradual drug withdrawal causes unpleasant...

alcohol despite it causing problems. Some definitions require evidence of dependence and withdrawal. Problematic use of alcohol has been mentioned in the earliest...

Alcohol dependence is a previous (DSM-IV and ICD-10) psychiatric diagnosis in which an individual is physically or psychologically dependent upon alcohol...

distinct forms. They identified those five bases of power as coercive, reward, legitimate, referent, and expert. This was followed by Raven's subsequent...

oxidase A gene promoter polymorphism affects novelty seeking and reward dependence in healthy study participants". Psychiatr. Genet. 16 (2): 55–8. doi:10...

requires patients with opioid use disorder and current physiological dependence to be fully withdrawn before it is initiated to avoid a precipitated opioid...

drug dependence. An addictive drug is intrinsically rewarding; that is, it functions as a primary positive reinforcer of drug use. The brain's reward system...

for another condition such as depression) seek to activate the brain's reward mechanisms while the behaviors characterizing obsessive-compulsive disorder...

oxidase A gene promoter polymorphism affects novelty seeking and reward dependence in healthy study participants". Psychiatric Genetics. 16 (2): 55–8...

have high sugar, fat, and salt contents (HFSS), and markedly activate the reward system in humans and other animals. Those with eating addictions often overconsume...

attribute, which includes a motivational component to a rewarding stimulus. Reward is the attractive and motivational property of a stimulus that induces appetitive...

harm avoidance and positively to persistence and was unrelated to reward dependence or novelty seeking. NFC has only a weak positive relationship with...

In Dependence is a novel written by British-Nigerian author Sarah Ladipo Manyika. Her first novel, it was originally published by Legend Press, London...

Brain stimulation reward (BSR) is a pleasurable phenomenon elicited via direct stimulation of specific brain regions, originally discovered by James Olds...

developed a form of drug dependence. This may occur as physical dependence, psychological dependence, or both. Drug dependence develops from consuming...