Spin states when describing transition metal coordination complexes refers to the potential spin configurations of the central metal's d electrons. For...

a maximum of two electrons, each with its own projection of spin m s {\displaystyle m_{s}} . The simple names s orbital, p orbital, d orbital, and f orbital...

photons, and as spinors and bispinors for other particles such as electrons. Spinors and bispinors behave similarly to vectors: they have definite magnitudes...

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) or electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a method for studying materials that have unpaired electrons. The...

of electrons or an arrangement of electrons in which there is an unequal number of "spin-up" and "spin-down" orientations. These atoms or electrons are...

Spin State may refer to: Spin quantum number, a quantum number Spin states (d electrons), the potentials for high-spin and low-spin configurations of...

fermions, no two electrons can occupy the same quantum state, per the Pauli exclusion principle. Like all elementary particles, electrons exhibit properties...

spintronics, spin–orbit effects for electrons in semiconductors and other materials are explored for technological applications. The spin–orbit interaction...

an electron to lie outside of the d shell. The electrons outside a d shell are the electrons which have higher energy than the electrons within the d shell...

superconductor: A proposed state in which electrons are not bound as Cooper pairs but as quadruplets of electrons. Superfluid: A phase achieved by a few...

manipulation of a spin-polarized population of electrons, resulting in an excess of spin up or spin down electrons. The polarization of any spin dependent property...

their spin, unpaired electrons have a magnetic dipole moment and act like tiny magnets. An external magnetic field causes the electrons' spins to align...

one or more unpaired d electrons. In octahedral complexes with between four and seven d electrons both high spin and low spin states are possible. Tetrahedral...

However, if we switch on the electron–electron interaction that depends on the distance d(1,2) between the electrons, then only a simultaneous and equal...

quantum-mechanical nature of electrons. An electron shell is the set of allowed states that share the same principal quantum number, n, that electrons may occupy. In...

building quantum computers with electrons on helium by Platzman and Dykman in 1999.  The electrostrictive binding of electrons to the surface of liquid helium...

electrons in the same orbital repel each other. So, one electron is put into each of the five d-orbitals in accord with Hund's rule, and "high spin"...

the interaction between the magnetic moments associated with electron spin and the electrons' orbital angular momentum. Hyperfine structure, with energy...

electron resulting from its intrinsic properties of spin and electric charge. The value of the electron magnetic moment (symbol μe) is −9.2847646917(29)×10−24 J⋅T−1...

crystalline structure an odd number of electrons per atom results in a half-filled top band; there are free electrons at the Fermi level resulting in a metal...

radical-pair electrons both have spin, short for spin angular momentum, which gives each separate radical a magnetic moment. Therefore, spin states can be altered...

ESR dating. Electron spin resonance dating can be described as trapped charge dating. Radioactivity causes negatively charged electrons to move from...

electrons are paired. The term 'singlet' originally meant a linked set of particles whose net angular momentum is zero, that is, whose overall spin quantum...

explained if the electrons in an atom were connected or clustered in some manner. Groups of electrons were thought to occupy a set of electron shells around...

can in principle hold up to 2(n2) electrons. For an explanation of why electrons exist in these shells, see electron configuration. Each shell consists...

only take 2 electrons, the n = 2 shell possesses an s and a p subshell and can take 8 electrons overall, the n = 3 shell possesses s, p, and d subshells...

minority-spin electrons the sp and d bands are hybridized, and the Fermi level lies within the d band. The hybridized spd band has a high density of states, which...

{\displaystyle S} is the total spin angular momentum for all electrons. The multiplicity is also equal to the number of unpaired electrons plus one. Therefore,...

due to spin-orbit coupling, a magnetic field pointing upwards for spin-up electrons and a magnetic field pointing downwards for spin-down electrons. The...

defined as the total electron density of electrons of one spin minus the total electron density of the electrons of the other spin. One of the ways to...