Vertical transmission of symbionts is the transfer of a microbial symbiont from the parent directly to the offspring.  Many metazoan species carry symbiotic...

A vertically transmitted infection is an infection caused by pathogenic bacteria or viruses that use mother-to-child transmission, that is, transmission...

As of 2008, vertical transmission accounted for about 90% of cases of HIV in children. In the absence of treatment, the risk of transmission before or during...

fomites that allow the transmission of the agent causing the disease without physical contact) or by vertical disease transmission, passing the agent causing...

painful. Herpes in the newborn is a serious and sometimes fatal infection. Transmission of Hepatitis C and B to the infant can occur if the nipples are cracked...

leading to higher viremia and more severe forms of disease. Vertical transmission, the transmission of a viral or bacterial disease from the female of the...

the risk of vertical transmission to be 10.8% in HCV-positive, HIV-positive women. Other studies have found the risk of vertical transmission to be as high...

transstadial transmission. Some debate exists regarding the classification of transstadial transmission as vertical transmission versus horizontal transmission. Reasons...

transplantation, consuming food or drink contaminated with the parasites, and vertical transmission (from a mother to her baby). Diagnosis of early disease is by finding...

mammary glands as a main viral reservoir, showing the importance that vertical transmission plays in the spread of the virus. Visna virus has a positive-strand...

(holobiont formation). Vertical transmission takes place when the symbiont moves directly from parent to offspring. In horizontal transmission each generation...

reported for both vertical transmission (18%, 6–36%, and 41%) and prevalence in children (15%). In developed countries, transmission around the time of...

castration, and religious prostitution", which may have increased vertical transmission of the parent religious memeplex. Similar memes are thereby included...

process, used by a wide variety of parasites, is also known as vertical transmission. For example, Rickettsia rickettsii, carried within ticks, is passed...

parents to be born infected. This transmission of the disease down from the mother is referred to as vertical transmission. The influx of additional members...

(2012). "Alphaherpesvirus axon-to-cell spread involves limited virion transmission". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (42). PNAS: 17046–17051...

A transmission tower (also electricity pylon, hydro tower, or pylon) is a tall structure, usually a lattice tower made of steel that is used to support...

management and international political economy, vertical integration, also referred to as vertical consolidation, is an arrangement in which the supply...

mechanical shield to protect it from cellular immune responses. Vertical transmission requires Wolbachia to reach germ line cells and maintain in the...

awareness among MSM, who often use additional protective measures. Vertical transmission of HIV (from mother to child) was common in the early stage of the...

A manual transmission (MT), also known as manual gearbox, standard transmission (in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States), or stick shift (in...

eating an infected bird carcass or by drinking infected water. Vertical transmission between female and offspring is possible in mosquitoes, and might...

microorganism transfer occurs through vertical transmission from mother to offspring. Horizontal transmission or infection does not typically appear...

have of their own infection is the horizontal transmission to a sexual partner or the vertical transmission of neonatal herpes to a newborn at term. Since...

factor for the development of GBS-EOD. GBS-EOD is acquired vertically (vertical transmission), through exposure of the fetus or the baby to GBS from the...

because of its centrality to the issue of regimens to prevent its vertical transmission. Brennan summarises this by stating "The principles exemplified...

affected demographic group differ, with heterosexual transmission through sex and vertical transmission being the main causes for continued HIV infection...

variable transmission (CVT) is an automated transmission that can change through a continuous range of gear ratios. This contrasts with other transmissions that...

synchronization (horizontal and vertical), and audio signals, and broadcast them over a radio transmission. The transmission system must include a means of...

to amniocentesis. There is an increased risk of mother-to-child (vertical) transmission of bloodborne infections in patients with hepatitis B, hepatitis...