Hyponatremia or hyponatraemia is a low concentration of sodium in the blood. It is generally defined as a sodium concentration of less than 135 mmol/L...

also be a result of a medical condition or improper treatment; see "hyponatremia" for some examples. Water is considered one of the least toxic chemical...

Hypoosmolar hyponatremia is a condition where hyponatremia is associated with a low plasma osmolality. The term "hypotonic hyponatremia" is also sometimes...

Exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) is a fluid-electrolyte disorder caused by a decrease in sodium levels (hyponatremia) during or up to 24 hours after...

Isotonic hyponatremia is a form of hyponatremia with mOsm measured between 280 and 295. It can be associated with pseudohyponatremia, or with isotonic...

tubules of the kidney to the venous circulation leading to hypotonic hyponatremia (a low plasma osmolality and low sodium levels). The causes of SIADH...

most commonly as a complication of treatment of patients with profound hyponatremia (low sodium), which can result from a varied spectrum of conditions,...

vasopressin receptors. Most commonly VRAs are used in the treatment of hyponatremia, especially in patients with congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis...

adverse effects of diuretics are hypovolemia, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, metabolic alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, and hyperuricemia. A common...

to keep the electrolyte concentrations of the body fluids constant. Hyponatremia, or low sodium, is the most commonly seen type of electrolyte imbalance...

inquest determined that the death had resulted from water intoxication and hyponatremia, which in turn led to serious swelling of the brain, though the ecstasy...

plasma osmolality. Thiazide-associated hyponatremia is often more severe than loop diuretic-associated hyponatremia because the predominant action of thiazides...

elderly individuals with a low GFR, the syndrome may manifest itself as hyponatremia, a low concentration of the electrolyte sodium in the bloodstream. This...

consumption of sports drinks or salty foods may not prevent hyponatremia. Women are more prone to hyponatremia than men. A study in the New England Journal of Medicine...

other causes of hyponatremia and include dizziness, muscular weakness, neurological impairment and seizures, all related to hyponatremia and hypokalaemia...

hyponatremia associated with varying cerebral pathologies and severe dehydration. In each patient, urine sodium losses persisted despite hyponatremia...

disease or condition. Excess water intake from any source can lead to hyponatremia and has been noted in at least one case study. Although compulsive consumption...

children, normal saline is used, as children are more at risk of developing hyponatremia if lavaged with water. Because of the possibility of vomiting, a suction...

has been given. It can result in a falsely low appearing sodium level (hyponatremia). Increases in certain proteins that are typically present in relatively...

Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities associated with edema (ARIA-E) Hyponatremia High-altitude cerebral edema Cerebral edema is present with many common...

coated tongue in humans. Emaciation is often accompanied by halitosis, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, anemia, improper function of lymph and the lymphatic system...

selective, competitive vasopressin receptor 2 (V2) antagonist used to treat hyponatremia (low blood sodium levels) associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis...

triggered by a congenital or acquired heart disorder; exercise-associated hyponatremia or other electrolyte imbalance; exertional heat stroke or severe hyperthermia...

complications. Hypertonic saline is used in treating hyponatremia and cerebral edema. Rapid correction of hyponatremia via hypertonic saline, or via any saline infusion...

and cirrhosis. Tobacco smoking is an often overlooked factor linked to hyponatremia, due to the ADH-releasing effect of nicotine, although this is usually...

eliminates the need for an ESU grounding pad thus preventing post-TURP hyponatremia (TUR syndrome) and reducing other complications. As a result, bipolar...

by hyponatremia, an insufficient concentration of sodium in the blood. The authors noted that several risk factors predisposed Lee to hyponatremia, including...

are hyperthermia and dehydration. Cases of life-threatening or fatal hyponatremia (excessively low sodium concentration in the blood) have developed in...

central pontine myelinolysis) secondary to excessively rapid correction of hyponatremia [>1 mEq/L/h]) A stroke or brain hemorrhage, usually of the basilar artery...

telogen effluvium cardiac arrest hypokalemia death osteoporosis electrolyte imbalance hyponatremia brain atrophy pellagra scurvy kidney failure suicide...