the marja al-mutlaq or marja al-taqlid al-mutlaq. A marji' is usually also a grand ayatollah. Sources differ as to when the institution of the marja˓ emerged...

single marja˓ al-taqlid" or "undisputed marja˓". According to Mohamad Bazzi, this was a bid "to displace" Ali Sistani, the true Marja al-taqlid al-mutlaq...

century the Shia ulama taught believers to turn to "a source of taqlid" (marja' at-taqlid) "for advice and guidance and as a model to be imitated." Thus...

addition, Al-Shirazi believed he was the senior cleric to Khomeini, as both competed for the position of marja al-taqlid. As the revolution progressed Al-Shirazi...

popular/clerical acclaim for a small number of the most distinguished marja' at-taqlid mujtahid, it suffered from "inflation" following the 1979 Iranian Revolution...

supposed to follow a high-ranking living mujtahid bearing the title of marja' al-taqlid, whose fatwas are considered binding, unlike fatwas in Sunni Islam...

become marja-i taqlids. Since around 1940, marja-i taqlids are often referred to by their followers with the honorific title of Ayatollah al-`Uzma (Grand...

al-Sadr. Haydar was considered a grand marja at-taqlid (supreme religious authority) of his time. A marja' at-taqlīd, literally, means "reference point for...

choose and follow a high-ranking living mujtahid bearing the title of marja' al-taqlid, whose fatwas are considered binding, unlike fatwas in Sunni Islam...

Linda S. (2001). The Most Learned of the Shi'a: The Institution of the Marja' Taqlid. p. 102. ISBN 9780195343939. van Gelder, Geert (2005). Close Relationships:...

under the auspices of marja' al-taqlid (religious authority) Sayyid Muhammad Mahdi al-Shirazi. Other organizations include Munazzamat al-thawra 'l-islamiyya...

Most Learned of the Shi'a : The Institution of the Marja' Taqlid: The Institution of the Marja' Taqlid. Oxford University Press. pp. 216–. ISBN 978-0-19-534393-9...

constitution called for the Leader/Wali Al Faqih to be a marja', and Montazeri was the only marjaʿ al-taqlid beside Khomeini who had been part of Khomeini's...

father, Muhammad al-Jawad (d. 835). Born in Medina in 828, Ali is known with the titles al-Hādī (Arabic: الهادي, lit. 'the guide') and al-Naqī (Arabic: النقي...

as the most knowledgeable specialist in the field of Islamic law (Marja al-taqlid) by the central Shi'a school of religious studies in Qom, Hawza 'Ilmiyyah...

declared by the Qom Theological Lecturers Association to no longer be a marja al-taqlid); Abdul-Karim Mousavi Ardebili, Asadollah Bayat-Zanjani Abdol-Hamid...

Muhammad ibn Hasan al-Mahdi (Arabic: محمد بن الحسن المهدي, romanized: Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mahdī) is believed by the Twelver Shia to be the last of...

authorities can be known as a "source of imitation" (Arabic marja taqlid مرجع تقليد, Persian marja) or less exaltedly as an "imitated one" (Arabic مقلَد muqallad)...

romanized: al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad; c. 846–874), better known as Hasan al-Askari (Arabic: الحَسَن ٱلْعَسْكَرِيّ, romanized: al-Ḥasan al-ʿAskarī)...

(Arabic: آية الله العظمى بشير النجفي) (born 1942) is a Pakistani Twelver Shia Marja' and one of the Four Grand Ayatollahs of Najaf, Iraq. He was born in Jalandhar...

Al-Kadhimiyya Mosque (Arabic: مَسْجِد ٱلْكَاظِمِيَّة, romanized: Masjid al-Kāẓimiyya) is a Shi'a Islamic mosque and shrine located in the Kādhimiya suburb...

Muhammad ibn Ali al-Jawad (Arabic: محمد بن علي الجواد, romanized: Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Jawād, c. 8 April 811 – 29 November 835) was a descendant of the...

usually written by a mujtahid as part of the process of becoming a Marja'-e-Taqlid, i.e. a Grand Ayatollah. These books contain the cleric's practical...

appointment. Originally the constitution required the Supreme Leader to be Marja'-e taqlid, the highest-ranking cleric in the religious laws of Usuli Twelver...

Basra in Iraq and reside in al-Jaza’ir. His father, named Muhammad ibn Abdullah, a jurist and Mujtahid was a Marja' taqlid. His father was also born and...

Musa al-Rida (Arabic: عَلِيّ ٱبْن مُوسَىٰ ٱلرِّضَا, romanized: ʿAlī ibn Mūsā al-Riḍā, c. 1 January 766 – 6 June 818), also known as Abū al-Ḥasan al-Thānī...

Ahmed Al-Waeli Al-Laithi Al-Kinani (1928–2003) (Arabic: الدكتور الشيخ أحمد الوائلي الليثي الكناني) was a prominent Iraqi Arab Shia Islamic Scholar, who...

The Four Books (Arabic: ٱلْكُتُب ٱلْأَرْبَعَة, romanized: al-Kutub al-ʾArbaʿa) are the four canonical hadith collections of Shia Islam. The term is used...

(marja' al-taqlid) in Najaf, Qum or Mashhad. Ayatollah (sign of God) is a fairly recent term, originating in the 20th century as a title for marja' at-taqlid...

Hujjat al-Islam (Arabic: حجة الإسلام, romanized: ḥujjat ul-Islām, Persian: حجةالاسلام or حجت‌الاسلام, romanized: hojjat-ol-Eslām) is an Islamic honorific...