An obstruent (/ˈɒbstruːənt/ OB-stroo-ənt) is a speech sound such as [k], [d͡ʒ], or [f] that is formed by obstructing airflow. Obstruents contrast with...

/ / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. Final-obstruent devoicing or terminal devoicing is a systematic phonological process occurring...

may be added to the approximant. Nearly all languages with such lateral obstruents also have the approximant. However, there are a number of exceptions,...

letters for many voiceless and modally voiced pairs of consonants (the obstruents), such as [p b], [t d], [k ɡ], [q ɢ], [f v], and [s z]. Also, there are...

occur as a coda. ** Conventionally transcribed /r/ In the table, when obstruents (stops, affricates, and fricatives) appear in pairs, such as /p b/, /tʃ...

'small'. The obstruent slot of an onset or coda may consist of multiple obstruents itself. Here, too, only one member of each subgroup of obstruents may appear...

dakuten (voicing mark). The voiced obstruent consonants of modern Japanese go back to prenasalized voiced obstruents of Old Japanese. Rendaku may have...

phonemic analysis treats all geminate obstruents as sequences starting with the same consonant: a "mora obstruent" /Q/. In this analysis, [ak̚ka], [issai]...

devoiced [m̥, n̥, ŋ̊, ɲ̊, l̥, ɾ̥, w̥] after a voiceless obstruent and optionally after a voiced obstruent which was devoiced. For example, wiatr ('wind') is...

consonants (and some clusters, e.g. in Icelandic, most clusters of obstruent to obstruent + [r], [j] or [v], such as [pr], [tj], [kv] etc.); short vowels...

"mirage"; however, in a word-final position or when followed by a voiceless obstruent, it is devoiced to the voiceless retroflex fricative ([ʂ]). Its pronunciation...

is rarely seen if it would leave a final voiced obstruent. A very few words with final voiced obstruents do occur, such as sed ('but') and apud ('next to')...

(depending on the dialect) voiceless fricatives; (4) a set of voiced obstruents—/b/, /d/, /ɡ/, and sometimes /ʝ/—which alternate between approximant and...

allowed continuant + obstruent clusters in medial and final position only: Fricative + obstruent: ft, ht, fs, hs, zd Nasal + obstruent: mp, mf, ms, mb, nt...

palatals and velars, correspondingly) as well as a general absence of labial obstruents (except where /b/ has arisen from *w). In the historical phonology there...

closure of a voiceless obstruent, basically equivalent to an [h]-like sound preceding the obstruent. In other words, when an obstruent is preaspirated, the...

grammatical consequences – as well as the use of modal particles, final-obstruent devoicing, and (similar) word order. Dutch vocabulary is mostly Germanic;...

consonant is an obstruent consonant which originally contrasted, and often still contrasts, with an analogous voiced or voiceless obstruent by means of a...

southern Catalonia. It has merged with /b/ elsewhere. Voiced obstruents undergo final-obstruent devoicing: /b/ > [p], /d/ > [t], /ɡ/ > [k]. Voiced stops become...

are considered to be the more "basic" or unmarked members of the Korean obstruent series. The "plain" segments are also distinguished from the tense and...

a (PIE) stop (p, t, k). CT− After a (PIE) obstruent (p, t, k, etc.; s). C(T) Before or after an obstruent (p, t, k, etc.; s). CH Before an original laryngeal...

(全清, voiceless unaspirated obstruent), "partly clear" (次清, voiceless aspirated obstruent), "fully muddy" (全濁, voiced obstruent) and "partly muddy" (次濁,...

Turkish orthography reflects final-obstruent devoicing, a form of consonant mutation whereby a voiced obstruent, such as /b d dʒ ɡ/, is devoiced to [p...

German. The lenis obstruents /b, d, ɡ, d͡ʒ, v, ð, ʝ, z, ʒ/ are fully voiced [b̬, d̬, ɡ̬, d̬͡ʒ̬, v̬, ð̬, ʝ̬, z̬, ʒ̬] after voiceless obstruents so abdanken 'to...

In linguistics, a tenuis consonant (/ˈtɛn.juːɪs/ or /ˈtɛnuːɪs/) is an obstruent that is voiceless, unaspirated and unglottalized. In other words, it has...

tone). Light syllables (syllables with short vowels and optionally also obstruent codas) do not have the two-way contrast of heavy syllables. The first...

in Northern Spain Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal Laminal Apical Obstruent Voiceless p t t͡ʃ k Voiced b d g Voiceless fricative f s̻ s̺ ʃ (h) Nasal...

of words or after nasal vowels. At the end of a phrase, due to final-obstruent devoicing, they may even be devoiced to [ɸ], [θ], and [x] (for example...

stop: /mt/, /md/, /ŋd/ dreamt, hemmed, hanged Three obstruents: /ksθ/, /kst/ sixth, next Four obstruents: /ksθs/, /ksθt/, /ksts/ sixths, sixthed, texts...

resulting from syncope and final-vowel deletion: Adjacent homorganic obstruents where either sound was a fricative became a geminate stop, voiceless if...