plural of substratum, may refer to: Earth's substrata, the geologic layering of the Earth Hypokeimenon, sometimes translated as substratum, a concept...

local language persists and the intrusive language disappears) or the substratum one (the local language disappears and the intrusive language persists)...

The pre-Greek substrate (or substratum) consists of the unknown pre-Greek languages (either Pre-Indo-European or other Indo-European languages) spoken...

aspirated stops in Sinhala is attributed to a probable South Dravidian substratum effect. This has been explained by a period of prior bilingualism: "The...

The proposed substratal elements in Romanian are mostly lexical items. The process of determining if a word is from the substratum involves comparison...

Aluminium (or aluminum in North American English) is a chemical element; it has symbol Al and atomic number 13. Aluminium has a density lower than that...

Albanian (endonym: shqip [ʃcip] , gjuha shqipe [ˈɟuha ˈʃcipɛ], or arbërisht [aɾbəˈɾiʃt]) is an Indo-European language and the only surviving representative...

Hypokeimenon (Greek: ὑποκείμενον), later often material substratum, is a term in metaphysics which literally means the "underlying thing" (Latin: subiectum)...

term that includes both bed and lamina. Related terms are substrate and substratum (pl.substrata), a stratum underlying another stratum. Typically, a stratum...

of the European hydronymy (Old European hydronymy). He classified the substratum language as Indo-European. Vennemann rejected the classification. He gives...

as well as the presence of non-Indo-European vocabulary, to a local substratum of languages encountered by Indo-Aryan peoples in Central Asia (Bactria-Marghiana)...

Copenhagen University. Šorgo, Aljoša (2020). "Characteristics of Lexemes of a Substratum Origin in Proto-Germanic". In Garnier, Romain (ed.). Loanwords and Substrata:...

considered by some Assyriologists (such as Samuel Noah Kramer) to be the substratum language of the people who introduced farming into Southern Iraq in the...

migration, with an intrusive language acting as either a superstratum or a substratum. When speakers of different languages interact closely, it is typical...

hypothesis that the Insular Celtic languages had features from an Afro-Asiatic substratum (Iberian and Berber languages) was first proposed by John Morris-Jones...

Myanmar and north-east India or both. Stella Kramrisch (1964) mentions a substratum of a race of pre-Dravidians and Dravidians, who were in Nepal even before...

most steppe polities of an ethno-linguistic mix, may have also played a substratal role." Lee, Joo-Yup; Kuang, Shuntu (18 October 2017). "A Comparative Analysis...

has a significant Arabic, French, Latin, Greek, Phoenician and Punic substratum, and Arabic loanwords represent 35% of the total Kabyle vocabulary. In...

foot, which is adapted to different purposes (locomotion, grasping the substratum, burrowing or feeding) in different classes. The foot carries a pair of...

hylomorphism. In Book VIII, he distinguishes the matter of the substance as the substratum, or the stuff of which it is composed. For example, the matter of a house...

related to substratum theory says that each concrete object is made up of properties and a substratum. The difference is that the substratum is not characterized...

Sea Region and represented primarily by the Trabzon dialect, exhibits substratum influence from Greek in phonology and syntax; it is also known as Laz...

Windfuhr identified Kurdish dialects as Parthian, albeit with a Median substratum. Windfuhr and Frye assume an eastern origin for Kurdish and consider it...

In the earth sciences, parent rock, also sometimes substratum, is the original rock from which younger rock or soil is formed. In soil formation, the parent...

a hypothetical non-Semitic language previously hypothesized to be the substratum language of the people that introduced farming into Southern Iraq in the...

Biofouling initial process: (left) Coating of submerged "substratum" with polymers. (moving right) Bacterial attachment and extracellular polymeric substance...

North Indian cultures survives in Maldivian society, with a clear Elu substratum in the language, which also appears in place names, kinship terms, poetry...

– loans from Russian; 0.96% – words inherited from the Thraco-Dacian substratum; 0.85% – loans from Serbian; 0.73% – loans from Turkish If the analysis...

rock. The legend tried to explain the inexplicable. As it came out of a substratum of truth it had in turn to end in the inexplicable. This short piece by...

Tamian or tāmnieku) of Latvian was more affected by the Livonian language substratum than Latvian in other parts of Latvia. It is divided into the Vidzeme...