a nucleophilic substitution (SN) is a class of chemical reactions in which an electron-rich chemical species (known as a nucleophile) replaces a functional...

A nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) is a substitution reaction in organic chemistry in which the nucleophile displaces a good leaving group, such...

acyl substitution, and nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Acyl substitution occurs when a nucleophile attacks a carbon that is doubly bonded to one...

alcohols and water are named solvolysis. Nucleophiles may take part in nucleophilic substitution, whereby a nucleophile becomes attracted to a full or partial...

nucleophilic substitution (SN2) is a type of reaction mechanism that is common in organic chemistry. In the SN2 reaction, a strong nucleophile forms a new...

The unimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN1) reaction is a substitution reaction in organic chemistry. The Hughes-Ingold symbol of the mechanism expresses...

substitution where the reactant is a nucleophile rather than an electrophile. The four possible electrophilic aliphatic substitution reaction mechanisms are SE1...

Radical-nucleophilic aromatic substitution or SRN1 in organic chemistry is a type of substitution reaction in which a certain substituent on an aromatic...

complex. This allyl complex can then be attacked by a nucleophile, resulting in the substituted product. This work was first pioneered by Jirō Tsuji in...

towards nucleophiles, followed by anhydrides, esters, and amides. Carboxylate ions are essentially unreactive towards nucleophilic substitution, since...

chemistry, solvolysis is a type of nucleophilic substitution (SN1/SN2) or elimination where the nucleophile is a solvent molecule. Characteristic of SN1...

deficient (electrophilic) carbon which, inevitably, attracts nucleophiles. Substitution reactions involve the replacement of the halogen with another...

involve copper catalysts and "hard" carbon nucleophiles. The mechanism of copper-catalyzed allylic substitutions involves the coordination of copper to the...

R−Cl. Electrofuge Electrophile Elimination reaction Nucleofuge Nucleophile Substitution reaction "Leaving group" (PDF). Gold Book: leaving group. IUPAC...

the vicarious nucleophilic substitution is a special type of nucleophilic aromatic substitution in which a nucleophile replaces a hydrogen atom on the...

Carbonyl α-substitution reactions occur at the position next to the carbonyl group, the α-position, and involves the substitution of an α-hydrogen by an...

activated complex. The solvent used in substitution reactions inherently determines the nucleophilicity of the nucleophile; this fact has become increasingly...

attacking the chloride hydrogen, which forms a chloride nucleophile. In the second step, the nucleophile attacks the carbocation generated in the first step...

and substitution products form by competing SN1 and E1 pathways. The case of 2° haloalkanes is relatively complex. For strongly basic nucleophiles (pKaH...

In chemistry, SNi (substitution nucleophilic internal) refers to a specific, regio-selective but not often encountered reaction mechanism for nucleophilic...

distinguished by the type of substituting species into a nucleophilic, electrophilic or radical substitution. In the first type, a nucleophile, an atom or molecule...

usually minor constituent of water. It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile, and a catalyst. The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate...

able to act as a strong nucleophile for instance an alcohol, amine or thiol. As in other nucleophilic aromatic substitutions the arene requires activation...

attacking nucleophile to give a discrete, detectable intermediate followed by loss of another ligand. Complexes that undergo associative substitution are either...

withdrawing groups and a nucleophile. These complexes are found as reactive intermediates in nucleophilic aromatic substitution but stable and isolated...

coordination sphere of the metal undergoing substitution. The concentration of the substituting nucleophile has no influence on this rate, and an intermediate...

with unsaturated functional groups, and react with nucleophiles and electrophiles to give substitution products. (3) Oxidative coupling of bis(phenols)...

effect produced by the presence of a reagent like an electrophile or a nucleophile, IUPAC does not define it as such. The term electromeric effect is no...

aromatic substitution, when the active reagent is an electrophile, and nucleophilic aromatic substitution, when the reagent is a nucleophile. In radical-nucleophilic...

reaction is a type of substitution or an addition-elimination reaction. With a carbonyl compound as an electrophile, the nucleophile can be: water in hydration...