sanction in 630, when the term was mentioned in a Quranic verse (9:29). Max Bravmann argues that the Quranic usage of the word jizya develops a pre-Islamic...

Surahs". Office for Diffusion of Islamic Culture – via Google Books. Bravmann, Meïr Max (March 9, 2009). The Spiritual Background of Early Islam: Studies...

(2): 1–70. doi:10.2307/523964. JSTOR 523964. S2CID 143459900. René A. Bravmann (1980). Islam and Tribal Art in West Africa. Cambridge University Press...