The retinoids are a class of chemical compounds that are vitamers of vitamin A or are chemically related to it. Retinoids have found use in medicine where...

three months. Topical tretinoin is also the most extensively investigated retinoid therapy for photoaging. Common side effects when used as a cream are limited...

Retinoid receptors are nuclear receptors (a class of proteins) that bind to retinoids. When bound to a retinoid, they act as transcription factors, altering...

is activated by both all-trans retinoic acid and 9-cis retinoic acid, retinoid active derivatives of Vitamin A. They are typically found within the nucleus...

The retinoid X receptor (RXR) is a type of nuclear receptor that is activated by 9-cis retinoic acid, which is discussed controversially to be of endogenous...

Adapalene is a third-generation topical retinoid primarily used in the treatment of mild-moderate acne, and is also used off-label to treat keratosis pilaris...

Retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR-alpha), also known as NR2B1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group B, member 1) is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded...

acne or moderate acne that is unresponsive to antibiotics.: 33  It is a retinoid, meaning it is related to vitamin A, and is found in small quantities naturally...

longer wavelengths, which enable color vision. Retinal is a species of retinoid and the aldehyde form of Vitamin A. Retinal is interconvertible with retinol...

Retinoid X receptor gamma (RXR-gamma), also known as NR2B3 (nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group B, member 3) is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded...

and topical retinoid, or topical retinoid and benzoyl peroxide. Dermatologists generally prefer combining benzoyl peroxide with a retinoid over the combination...

above do not apply to food sources of Vitamin A. Too much vitamin A in retinoid form can be harmful. The body converts the dimerized form, carotene, into...

name Tazorac, among others, is a third-generation prescription topical retinoid. It is primarily used for the treatment of plaque psoriasis and acne. Tazarotene...

Biotinylated retinoids are derivatives of retinol (vitamin A) carrying a biotin group for use in the isolation and purification of Retinol Binding Proteins...

Retinol-binding protein 3, interstitial (RBP3), also known as interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBP3...

Retinoid X receptor beta (RXR-beta), also known as NR2B2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group B, member 2) is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded...

induced by chronic UVA and UVB exposure.: 29  Tretinoin is the best studied retinoid in the treatment of photoaging. The deterioration of biological functions...

vitamers. There are also what are referred to as 2nd, 3rd and 4th generation retinoids which are not considered vitamin A vitamers because they cannot be converted...

antibiotics, etretinate or retinoids. Around half of those affected die within the first few months; however, retinoid treatment can increase chances...

all-trans-retinoic acid in embryonic development mediates the high teratogenicity of retinoid pharmaceuticals, such as isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) used for treatment...

gene expression. NCOR2 is also referred to as a silencing mediator for retinoid or thyroid-hormone receptors (SMRT) or T3 receptor-associating cofactor...

Soriatane, is a second-generation retinoid. It is taken orally, and is typically used for psoriasis. Acitretin is an oral retinoid used in the treatment of severe...

antibiotics (e.g., tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline) Benzoyl peroxide Retinoids (e.g., isotretinoin) Some NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen sodium) Fluoroquinolone...

from hypothyroidism, anemia, anorexia nervosa or bulimia, or after oral retinoid therapy.: 786  It can also be seen in melanoma that involves the nail and...

(anti-cancer) agent developed by Ligand Pharmaceuticals. It is a first generation retinoid. Ligand gained Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for alitretinoin...

the antibiotic clindamycin phosphate (1.2%) and tretinoin (0.025%), a retinoid. The two active ingredients perform different functions, the clindamycin...

as the phosphate, a lincosamide antibacterial; adapalene, a synthetic retinoid; and benzoyl peroxide, an oxidizing agent. It is applied to the skin....

tyrosinase, an enzyme involved in the production of melanin. Tretinoin, a retinoid, increases skin cell (keratinocyte) turnover. This treatment is not used...

Chawengsaksophak K, Wilson MJ, Rossant J, Hamada H, Koopman P (April 2006). "Retinoid signaling determines germ cell fate in mice". Science. 312 (5773): 596–600...

been classified as iatrogenic medical disorders, respectively termed post-retinoid sexual dysfunction/post-Accutane syndrome (PRSD/PAS), post-finasteride...