band that moved downwards. This effect is a weak form of paramagnetism known as Pauli paramagnetism. The effect always competes with a diamagnetic response...

leads to what is known as Langevin paramagnetism (the quantum theory is sometimes called Brillouin paramagnetism), that leads to a positive magnetic...

in most materials, although superconductors exhibit a strong effect. Paramagnetism is a form of magnetism which occurs only in the presence of an externally...

field. However, other forms of magnetism (such as ferromagnetism or paramagnetism) are so much stronger such that, when different forms of magnetism are...

magnetic field: an alignment with the magnetic field, χ > 0, called paramagnetism, or an alignment against the field, χ < 0, called diamagnetism. Magnetic...

one or more unpaired electrons are paramagnetic. The magnitude of the paramagnetism is expressed as an effective magnetic moment, μeff. For first-row transition...

Both dioxygen and the superoxide anion are free radicals that exhibit paramagnetism. Superoxide was historically also known as "hyperoxide". Superoxide...

Liquid Oxygen—Paramagnetism and Color, West Lafayette, IN, USA: Purdue University Department of Chemistry, see Liquid Oxygen---Paramagnetism and Color and...

explanations based on classical physics can be formulated, diamagnetism, paramagnetism and ferromagnetism can be fully explained only using quantum theory...

magnet. Substances respond weakly to three other types of magnetism—paramagnetism, diamagnetism, and antiferromagnetism—but the forces are usually so...

liquid oxygen (O2) is poured from a beaker into a strong magnet, the oxygen is temporarily suspended between the magnet poles, owing to its paramagnetism....

rules, they remain unpaired and spin-parallel, which accounts for the paramagnetism of molecular oxygen. These half-filled orbitals are antibonding in character...

studied ferromagnetism, paramagnetism, and diamagnetism for his doctoral thesis, and discovered the effect of temperature on paramagnetism which is now known...

effects dominate, like Langevin diamagnetism or Van Vleck paramagnetism. A simple model of a paramagnet concentrates on the particles which compose it which...

agent because of its solubility in nonpolar organic solvents and its paramagnetism. The compound is prepared by the reaction of chromium(III) oxide with...

forces on "nonmagnetic" materials by three other magnetic effects: paramagnetism, diamagnetism, and antiferromagnetism, although these forces are usually...

with a magnetic field. Only elements with unpaired electrons exhibit paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, and antiferromagnetism. N. C. Norman (1997). Periodicity...

force on the paramagnet (or diamagnet) per unit volume (i.e. force density). In diamagnets ( χ < 0 {\displaystyle \chi <0} ) and paramagnets ( χ > 0 {\displaystyle...

of the same magnitude in the absence of an applied magnetic field. Paramagnetism: The magnetic moments in a paramagnetic material are disordered in the...

nanoparticles, similarly to a paramagnet. However, their magnetic susceptibility is much larger than that of paramagnets. Normally, any ferromagnetic or...

a net magnetic moment (it is paramagnetic). The explanation of the paramagnetism of dioxygen was a major success for molecular orbital theory. The electronic...

magnetization continues to increase very slowly with the field due to paramagnetism.) Saturation is a characteristic of ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic...

doi:10.1016/S0065-2725(08)60422-5. ISBN 978-0-12-020762-6. However, paramagnetism does not necessarily imply radical character. Linde, C.; Åkermark, B...

spectroscopy as well as XPS). The material as a whole behaves as a Van Vleck paramagnet, despite its low-spin divalency. The sulfur centers occur in pairs, described...

two 3-electron bonds and one 2-electron bond, which accounts for its paramagnetism and its formal bond order of 2. Chlorine dioxide and its heavier analogues...

Fermi–Dirac statistics. Using this idea, he developed the theory of paramagnetism in 1926. Pauli said, “Festkörperphysik ist eine Schmutzphysik”—solid-state...

k_{\text{B}}} is the Boltzmann constant. A simplified model of the two-state paramagnet provides an example of the process of calculating the multiplicity of...

that has a spatial distribution about an atom or molecule. Oxygen's paramagnetism can be used analytically in paramagnetic oxygen gas analysers that determine...

include the liquid–liquid critical points in mixtures, and the ferromagnet–paramagnet transition (Curie temperature) in the absence of an external magnetic...

useful for capacitors. Classification of materials based on permittivity Paramagnetism Clausius-Mossotti relation Dielectric absorption Dielectric losses Dielectric...