bottom quark, beauty quark, or b quark, is an elementary particle of the third generation. It is a heavy quark with a charge of −⁠1/3⁠ e. All quarks are...

flavors, of quarks: up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom. Up and down quarks have the lowest masses of all quarks. The heavier quarks rapidly change...

either a bottom quark (most frequently), a strange quark, or, on the rarest of occasions, a down quark. The Standard Model determines the top quark's mean...

Top and bottom can mean more than one thing. In the context of particle physics: Top quark Bottom quark In the context of sexuality: Top, bottom and versatile...

The charm quark, charmed quark, or c quark is an elementary particle found in composite subatomic particles called hadrons such as the J/psi meson and...

quarks (up, charm, and top quarks) are called up-type quarks and have T3 = ⁠++1/2⁠ ; the negatively charged quarks (down, strange, and bottom quarks)...

In particle physics, the quark model is a classification scheme for hadrons in terms of their valence quarks—the quarks and antiquarks that give rise to...

reflecting the difference between the number of bottom antiquarks (n b ) and the number of bottom quarks (n b ) that are present in a particle: B ′ = −...

containing the charm quark, first seen 1974, is about three times as massive as a proton, and the upsilon meson ( ϒ ) containing the bottom quark, first seen in...

momentum), P (parity), u (up quark), d (down quark), s (strange quark), c (charm quark), t (top quark), b (bottom quark), Q (electric charge), S (strangeness)...

made of a mixture of up, down and strange quarks and their antiquarks. The charmed eta meson ( η c) and bottom eta meson ( η b) are similar forms of quarkonium;...

Quark–gluon plasma (QGP or quark soup) is an interacting localized assembly of quarks and gluons at thermal (local kinetic) and (close to) chemical (abundance)...

Current quarks (also called naked quarks or bare quarks) are a description of valence quarks as the cores of the quark particles that are the invariable...

light mass quarks, u, d, and s , as well as three flavors of heavy quarks, charm quark, bottom quark, and top quark. If we assume the light quarks are ideally...

It, along with the down quark, forms the neutrons (one up quark, two down quarks) and protons (two up quarks, one down quark) of atomic nuclei. It is...

are added for each even heavier charm or bottom quark that replaces one of the two presumed strange quarks. They are historically called the cascade...

bottom antiquark and either an up ( B+ ), down ( B0 ), strange ( B0 s) or charm quark ( B+ c). The combination of a bottom antiquark and a top quark is...

particle is a "doubly strange" baryon containing two strange quarks and a bottom quark. A discovery of this particle was first claimed in September 2008...

Quark matter or QCD matter (quantum chromodynamic) refers to any of a number of hypothetical phases of matter whose degrees of freedom include quarks...

down quark (symbol: d) is a type of elementary particle, and a major constituent of matter. The down quark is the second-lightest of all quarks, and combines...

The strange quark or s quark (from its symbol, s) is the third lightest of all quarks, a type of elementary particle. Strange quarks are found in subatomic...

The bottom eta meson ( η b) or eta-b meson is a flavourless meson formed from a bottom quark and its antiparticle. It was first observed by the BaBar experiment...

(charmness), B′ (bottomness), T (topness), u (up quark), d (down quark), s (strange quark), c (charm quark), b (bottom quark), t (top quark), as well as other...

and bottom quarks; the top quark vanishes before it has time to bind into a hadron). The strength of the strong force gluons which bind the quarks together...

odd number of valence quarks, conventionally three. Baryons belong to the hadron family of particles; hadrons are composed of quarks. Baryons are also classified...

consistent with pentaquark states in the decay of bottom Lambda baryons (Λ0 b). Particles without any quarks have a baryon number of zero. Such particles are...

mesons and baryons, as well as to the masses of the tau lepton, charm quark, bottom quark, some hydrogen isotopes, and some helium isotopes. Just as all Standard...

includes the charm and strange quarks, the muon and the muon neutrino; the third generation consists of the top and bottom quarks and the tau and tau neutrino...

angular momentum), P (parity), u (up quark), d (down quark), s (strange quark), c (charm quark), b (bottom quark), Q (charge), B (baryon number), S (strangeness)...

A constituent quark is a current quark with a notional "covering" induced by the renormalization group. In the low-energy limit of QCD, a description by...