Normandy, a specific type of fief was granted to the lower ranked knights (French: chevaliers) called the fief de haubert, referring to the hauberk, or...

fought on foot. It existed in Normandy where a knight held a fief termed a fief de haubert, from the hauberk or coat of mail (Latin: lorica) worn by knights...

because combatants on the battlefield are rendered unrecognizable by the hauberts and nasals of their helmets. The figures painted on shields therefore serve...