In physics, an observable is a physical property or physical quantity that can be measured. In classical mechanics, an observable is a real-valued "function"...

The observable universe is a spherical region of the universe consisting of all matter that can be observed from Earth or its space-based telescopes and...

Observability is a measure of how well internal states of a system can be inferred from knowledge of its external outputs. In control theory, the observability...

{y}}(t)={\boldsymbol {Cx}}(t)+{\boldsymbol {Du}}(t)\end{array}}} is observable, where A {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {A}}} , B {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol...

In mathematics, in the representation theory of algebraic groups, an observable subgroup is an algebraic subgroup of a linear algebraic group whose every...

partially observable system is one in which the entire state of the system is not fully visible to an external sensor. In a partially observable system the...

In software engineering, more specifically in distributed computing, observability is the ability to collect data about programs' execution, modules' internal...

Stealth technology, also termed low observable technology (LO technology), is a sub-discipline of military tactics and passive and active electronic countermeasures...

In quantum mechanics, a complete set of commuting observables (CSCO) is a set of commuting operators whose common eigenvectors can be used as a basis...

programming languages. ReactiveX is an API for asynchronous programming with observable streams. Asynchronous programming allows programmers to call functions...

can only be inferred indirectly through a mathematical model from other observable variables that can be directly observed or measured. Such latent variable...

The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) denotes the level of exposure of an organism, found by experiment or observation, at which there is no biologically...

A phenomenon (pl.: phenomena), sometimes spelled phaenomenon, is an observable event. The term came into its modern philosophical usage through Immanuel...

metaphysics. A Ramsey sentence aims at rendering propositions containing non-observable theoretical terms (terms employed by a theoretical language) clear by...

A partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) is a generalization of a Markov decision process (MDP). A POMDP models an agent decision process...

different situations, depending on whether every sequential state is observable or not, and whether the system is to be adjusted on the basis of observations...

the Milky Way, which is one of a few hundred billion galaxies in the observable universe. Many of the stars in a galaxy have planets. At the largest scale...

variables. Observability is a measure for how well internal states of a system can be inferred by knowledge of its external outputs. The observability and controllability...

James A. Yorke (born August 3, 1941) is a Distinguished University Research Professor of Mathematics and Physics and former chair of the Mathematics Department...

observational evidence (WMAP, BOOMERanG, and Planck for example) imply that the observable universe is spatially flat to within a 0.4% margin of error of the curvature...

theories. For this role, evidence must be public and uncontroversial, like observable physical objects or events and unlike private mental states, so that evidence...

electron. Preparing a system by measuring the complete set of compatible observables produces a pure quantum state. More common, incomplete preparation produces...

occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists within the observable universe. In astronomy, the terms object and body are often used interchangeably...

or black hole cosmological model) is a cosmological model in which the observable universe is the interior of a black hole. Such models were originally...

there are between 200 billion (2×1011) to 2 trillion galaxies in the observable universe. Most galaxies are 1,000 to 100,000 parsecs in diameter (approximately...

persistence of these former inhabitants' genes among the modern Uyghurs is both observable and scientifically demonstrable.32 Early Chinese sources describe the...

existence, nature, properties, qualities or relations are not directly observable by humans. In philosophy of science, typical examples of "unobservables"...

In high energy physics, event shapes observables are quantities used to characterize the geometry of the outcome of a collision between high energy particles...

the increase in distance between gravitationally unbound parts of the observable universe with time. It is an intrinsic expansion, so it does not mean...

hydrogen spectral line at 21 cm, are observable at radio wavelengths. A wide variety of other objects are observable at radio wavelengths, including supernovae...