Red seal ships (朱印船, Shuinsen) were Japanese armed merchant sailing ships bound for Southeast Asian ports with red-sealed letters patent issued by the...

Tokugawa shogunate on trade and economic matters. He was also engaged in the shuinsen (朱印船, lit. 'red seal ship') trade in Asia. The current name of the area...

for a time before moving to Hirado, in Japan and becoming a part of the shuinsen trade, with a formal vermillion seal license from the Tokugawa shogunate...

Japanese merchant ship, Red Seal ship, "Shuinsen" by 1634....

system of commercial ventures on licensed ships called red seal ships (朱印船, shuinsen), which sailed throughout East and Southeast Asia for trade. These ships...

century Chinese merchant and political figure in Japan, became part of the shuinsen trade, with a formal vermillion seal license from the Tokugawa shogunate...

and, after Japan's reunification in 1600, official Red seal ships (J. shuinsen), authorized by the Tokugawa regime, came to Hoi-An for their trade in...