Venera 8 (Russian: Венера-8 meaning Venus 8) was a probe in the Soviet Venera program for the exploration of Venus and was the second robotic space probe...

The Venera (Russian: Вене́ра, pronounced [vʲɪˈnʲɛrə] 'Venus') program was a series of space probes developed by the Soviet Union between 1961 and 1984...

Venera 9 (Russian: Венера-9, lit. 'Venus-9'), manufacturer's designation: 4V-1 No. 660, was a Soviet uncrewed space mission to Venus. It consisted of an...

Venera 13 (Russian: Венера-13 'Venus 13') was part of the Soviet Venera program meant to explore Venus. Venera 13 and 14 were identical spacecraft built...

Venera 1 (Russian: Венера-1 meaning Venus 1), also known as Venera-1VA No.2 and occasionally in the West as Sputnik 8 was the first spacecraft to perform...

Venera 14 (called Venus 14 in English) was a probe in the Soviet Venera program for the exploration of Venus. Venera 14 was identical to the Venera 13...

The Venera 11 (Russian: Венера-11 meaning Venus 11) was a Soviet uncrewed space mission which was part of the Venera program to explore the planet Venus...

to Earth. Venera 7 remained in contact with Earth for 23 minutes, relaying surface temperatures of 455 to 475 °C (851 to 887 °F). Venera 8 landed on July...

Venera 7 (Russian: Венера-7, lit. 'Venus 7') was a Soviet spacecraft, part of the Venera series of probes to Venus. When it landed the Venusian surface...

The Venera 12 (Russian: Венера-12 meaning Venus 12) was an uncrewed Soviet space mission designed to explore the planet Venus. Venera 12 was launched...

Venera 10 (Russian: Венера-10 meaning Venus 10), or 4V-1 No. 661, was a Soviet uncrewed space mission to Venus. It consisted of an orbiter and a lander...

systems. The spacecraft was identical to Venera 16 and based on modifications to the earlier Venera space probes. Venera 15 was launched on June 2, 1983, at...

Soviet Venera 5 and Venera 6 probes were crushed by high pressure while still 18 km above the surface. Following landers such as Venera 7 and Venera 8 succeeded...

Venera 16 (Russian: Венера-16 meaning Venus 16) was a spacecraft sent to Venus by the Soviet Union. This uncrewed orbiter was to map the surface of Venus...

Venera 6 (Russian: Венера-6 meaning Venus 6), or 2V (V-69) No.331, was a Soviet spacecraft, launched towards Venus to obtain atmospheric data. It had an...

for Soviet planetary probes, including the KDU-414 used in Venera 1, Mars 1 up to Venera 8, the KTDU-425 used in later planetary probes, KTDU-5 used in...

Venera 5 (Russian: Венера-5 meaning Venus 5) was a space probe in the Soviet space program Venera for the exploration of Venus. Venera 5 was launched towards...

8K72 Venera Cosmos 27 Venera 2 Venera 3 Venera 4 Venera 5 Venera 6 Venera 7 Venera 8 Cosmos 482 Venera 9 Venera 10 Venera 11 Venera 12 Venera 13 Venera 14...

satellite US-KMO - satellite US-KS - satellite Venera program Venera 3 Venera 4 Venera 5 Venera 7 Venera 8 Venera 9 Kosmos 167 Vega program Vega 1 Vega 2 Luna-Glob...

followed by the United States, have soft landed probes on the surface. Venera 7 was the first lander overall and first for the Soviet Union, touching...

Venera 4 (Russian: Венера-4, lit. 'Venus-4'), also designated 4V-1 No.310, was a probe in the Soviet Venera program for the exploration of Venus. The...

S281 3V (V-70), manufacturer's designation for Venera 7 3V (V-72), manufacturer's designation for Venera 8 V3 (disambiguation) This disambiguation page...

mission change in the Venera program, following on from the cancellation of the American Halley mission in 1981. A later Venera mission was canceled and...

interplanetary flight, Venera 1, followed by many essential interplanetary firsts, such as the first soft landing on another planet by Venera 7 in 1970. These...

(3MV-4A No.3) Venera 3MV-4: Venera 2 (3MV-4 No.4), Kosmos 96 (3MV-4 No.6) Venera 3MV-3: Venera 3 (3MV-3 No.1), Venera 3MV-3 Venera 3V (V-67): Venera 4 (V-67...

atmosphere of Venus was tentatively detected by two atmospheric probes - Venera 8 and Pioneer Venus Multiprobe, although the detection was rejected that...

Avishai. Idolatry (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992. ISBN 0-674-44312-8) pp. 141-142 Cicero wrote: Stella Veneris, quae Φωσφόρος Graece, Latine dicitur...

April 2019. "Venera 8". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 20 April 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2019. "In Depth | Venera 8". Solar System...

differently from Earth. Following five orbital missions to Venus (Venera 15, Venera 16, Magellan, Venus Express, and Akatsuki) focused on remote sensing...

before burning up. Spaceflight portal 1978 in spaceflight Vega program Venera program "The Pioneer Venus Project". NASA. Retrieved March 26, 2023. "Pioneer...