In cryptography, CIPHERUNICORN-E is a block cipher created by NEC in 1998. It was among the cryptographic techniques recommended for Japanese government...

Symmetric key ciphers 64-bit block ciphers CIPHERUNICORN-E Hierocrypt-L1 MISTY1 128-bit block ciphers CIPHERUNICORN-A CLEFIA Hierocrypt-3 Stream ciphers Enocoro-128v2...

In cryptography, CIPHERUNICORN-A is a block cipher created by NEC in 2000. It was among the cryptographic techniques recommended for Japanese government...

is a derangement), i.e., S ( a i , j ) ≠ a i , j {\displaystyle S(a_{i,j})\neq a_{i,j}} , and also any opposite fixed points, i.e., S ( a i , j ) ⊕ a i...

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receiver. Message authentication codes can be constructed from an AEAD cipher (e.g. AES-GCM). However, symmetric ciphers cannot be used for non-repudiation...

combined with an initialization vector (IV) and encrypted with a block cipher E, usually AES. The result of this encryption is then XORed with the plaintext...

for the sender, "Bob" (or "B") for the intended recipient, and "Eve" (or "E") for the eavesdropping adversary. Since the development of rotor cipher machines...

misconception is to use inverse order of encryption as decryption algorithm (i.e. first XORing P17 and P18 to the ciphertext block, then using the P-entries...

doi:10.1007/s00145-021-09398-9. eISSN 1432-1378. hdl:2066/235128. ISSN 0933-2790. S2CID 253633576. TU Graz. "Ascon: Publications". tugraz.at. v t e...

regulations historically restricted key lengths to 56-bit symmetric keys (e.g. Data Encryption Standard), these restrictions are no longer in place, so...

a message to obscure the fact that many messages end in predictable ways, e.g. sincerely yours. Official messages often start and end in predictable ways:...

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is commonly called a nonce (a number used only once), and the primitives (e.g. CBC) are considered stateful rather than randomized. This is because an...

function of encryption, i.e., D = E−1. More formally, a block cipher is specified by an encryption function E K ( P ) := E ( K , P ) : { 0 , 1 } k × {...

{\displaystyle K_{2}} : E K 1 ( E K 2 ( P ) ) = P {\displaystyle E_{K_{1}}(E_{K_{2}}(P))=P} or equivalently, E K 2 = D K 1 . {\displaystyle E_{K_{2}}=D_{K_{1}}...

K2)} instead of one, and encrypt each block twice: E K 2 ( E K 1 ( plaintext ) ) {\displaystyle E_{K2}(E_{K1}({\textrm {plaintext}}))} . If the original...

such as using a sequential counter over the block prior to encryption (i.e., CTR mode) and removing it after decryption avoids this problem. Another...

and a candidate for the AES competition CIPHERUNICORN-A – 128-bit block; CRYPTREC recommendation CIPHERUNICORN-E – 64-bit block; CRYPTREC recommendation...

indistinguishability • Ciphertext-only attack • Ciphertext stealing • CIPHERUNICORN-A • CIPHERUNICORN-E • Classical cipher • Claude Shannon • Claw-free permutation...

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slightly (for example, flipping a single bit), the output changes significantly (e.g., half the output bits flip). In the case of high-quality block ciphers...

This compression function is easily invertible if the data block is known, i.e. given the data block on which it acted and the output of the compression...

standards, raised considerable speculation about whether NSA had found weaknesses e.g. in elliptic-curve algorithms or others, or was trying to distance itself...

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BaseKing BassOmatic BATON BEAR and LION CAST-256 Chiasmus CIKS-1 CIPHERUNICORN-A CIPHERUNICORN-E CLEFIA CMEA Cobra COCONUT98 Crab Cryptomeria/C2 CRYPTON CS-Cipher...

a constant difference. Difference can be defined in several ways, but the eXclusive OR (XOR) operation is usual. The attacker then computes the differences...

BaseKing BassOmatic BATON BEAR and LION CAST-256 Chiasmus CIKS-1 CIPHERUNICORN-A CIPHERUNICORN-E CLEFIA CMEA Cobra COCONUT98 Crab Cryptomeria/C2 CRYPTON CS-Cipher...