• Fred Lawrence Whipple (November 5, 1906 – August 30, 2004) was an American astronomer, who worked at the Harvard College Observatory for more than 70...
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  • Thumbnail for Whipple shield
    The Whipple shield or Whipple bumper, invented by Fred Whipple, is a type of spaced armor shielding to protect crewed and uncrewed spacecraft from hypervelocity...
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  • Thumbnail for Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory
    The Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory is an American astronomical observatory owned and operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO); it...
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  • Thumbnail for Micrometeoroid
    magnetic particles that were apparently associated with the shower. Fred Whipple was intrigued by this and wrote a paper that demonstrated that particles...
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  • Thumbnail for Mount Hopkins (Arizona)
    world. The Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory is located on the mountain. The prime mover for the mountain's observatory was Fred Whipple, a professor...
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  • States Army's Fort Myer Whipple (crater), a crater on the Moon 36P/Whipple, a periodic comet discovered by Fred Whipple Whipple (spacecraft), a proposed...
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    Once the British had passed the idea to the US via the Tizard Mission, Fred Whipple developed a system for dispensing strips for the USAAF, but it is not...
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  • Thumbnail for Carl Sagan
    publication of Sagan's Science article, in 1961 Harvard University astronomers Fred Whipple and Donald Menzel offered Sagan the opportunity to give a colloquium...
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  • The Fred Whipple Award, established in 1989 by the Planetary Sciences Section of the American Geophysical Union, is presented to an individual who makes...
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  • Thumbnail for Halley's Comet
    number of longstanding hypotheses about comet construction, particularly Fred Whipple's "dirty snowball" model, which correctly predicted that Halley would...
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  • Thumbnail for J. Allen Hynek
    emphasis on daytime observations. In 1956, he left to join Professor Fred Whipple, the Harvard astronomer, at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory...
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    cases. Comets can produce debris by water vapor drag, as demonstrated by Fred Whipple in 1951, and by breakup. Each time a comet swings by the Sun in its orbit...
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  • Thumbnail for Geminids
    Sun-god Helios' chariot, Phaethon's discovery was attributed to astronomer Fred Whipple. The meteors in this shower appear to come from the radiant in the constellation...
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  • Thumbnail for Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
    Massachusetts, to affiliate with the Harvard College Observatory (HCO). Fred Lawrence Whipple, then the chairman of the Harvard Astronomy Department, was named...
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    small material on the outskirts of the solar system".: 14  In 1964, Fred Whipple, who popularised the famous "dirty snowball" hypothesis for cometary...
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  • Thumbnail for Meteor shower
    produce debris by water vapor drag, as demonstrated by Fred Whipple in 1951, and by breakup. Whipple envisioned comets as "dirty snowballs," made up of rock...
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  • Thumbnail for Comet Ikeya–Seki
    afterwards. Based on preliminary estimations of Ikeya–Seki's orbit, Fred Whipple of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory conjectured that Ikeya–Seki...
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  • Thumbnail for Giotto (spacecraft)
    Bristol, and modified with the addition of a dust shield (Whipple shield) as proposed by Fred Whipple. The shield comprised a thin (1 mm) aluminium sheet separated...
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  • 1252 Celestia (category Discoveries by Fred Lawrence Whipple)
    asteroid belt. It was discovered on 19 February 1933, by astronomer Fred Whipple at the Oak Ridge Observatory operated by the Harvard-Smithsonian Center...
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    Lyttleton suggested that Pluto may be an escaped satellite of Neptune, and Fred Whipple suggested in 1964 that Pluto may be a comet. The discovery of its large...
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  • Thumbnail for C/1942 X1 (Whipple–Fedtke–Tevzadze)
    C/1942 X1 (Whipple–Fedtke–Tevzadze) is a non-periodic comet discovered on 8 December 1942 by Fred Whipple and independently, on later days, by Carl Fedtke...
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  • Thumbnail for Comet Encke
    breakup of the progenitor of Encke and the Taurid meteoroid stream. Fred Whipple in his The Mystery of Comets (1985, page 163) points out that Comet Encke's...
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    1952–1953 (Acting Director); 1954–1966 (Director) Leo Goldberg 1966–1970 Fred Whipple 1955-1973 George B. Field 1973-1982 (founding director of the Center...
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    Harvard Business School professor and president of BYU-Hawaii Fred Lawrence Whipple, astronomer Norbert Wiener, mathematician Robert Burns Woodward...
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  • Thumbnail for Comet Kohoutek
    Kohoutek, ushering in what Fred Whipple termed a "'renaissance' of cometary research". At the time, most scientists accepted Whipple's hypothesis that cometary...
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  • Thumbnail for Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
    Freeman Gilbert 1982 Riccardo Giacconi Harrie Massey 1983 M. J. Seaton Fred Whipple 1984 Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich Keith Runcorn 1985 Stephen Hawking Thomas...
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  • Thumbnail for 3200 Phaethon
    formation of the Geminid meteor stream. Shortly after its discovery, Fred Whipple observed that the "orbital elements of 1983 TB shown on IAUC 3879 are...
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  • John Welsh Whipple (1876–1943), British mathematician and meteorologist Fred Lawrence Whipple (1906–2004), American astronomer George Whipple (1878–1976)...
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  • biochemist, winner of the 1982 Nobel Prize for Medicine. August 31 – Fred Whipple (b. 1906), American astronomer who coined the term "dirty snowball" to...
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    Massachusetts, in the United States, and named after astronomer Fred Whipple. Whipple orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.9–3.3 AU...
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