In optics, the refractive index (or refraction index) of an optical medium is the ratio of the apparent speed of light in the air or vacuum to the speed...

In physics, refraction is the redirection of a wave as it passes from one medium to another. The redirection can be caused by the wave's change in speed...

A refracting telescope (also called a refractor) is a type of optical telescope that uses a lens as its objective to form an image (also referred to a...

Refraction, in acoustics, comparable to the refraction of electromagnetic radiation, is the bending of sound propagation trajectories (rays) in inhomogeneous...

Refractive surgery is an optional eye surgery used to improve the refractive state of the eye and decrease or eliminate dependency on glasses or contact...

In optics, negative refraction is the electromagnetic phenomenon where light rays become refracted at an interface that is opposite to their more commonly...

This refraction is due to the velocity of light through air decreasing (the refractive index increases) with increased density. Atmospheric refraction near...

Refractive error is a problem with focusing light accurately on the retina due to the shape of the eye and/or cornea. The most common types of refractive...

ibn-Sahl law, and the law of refraction) is a formula used to describe the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction, when referring to light...

Seismic refraction is a geophysical principle governed by Snell's Law of refraction. The seismic refraction method utilizes the refraction of seismic waves...

Subjective Refraction is a technique to determine the combination of lenses that will provide the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). It is a clinical...

Levelling refraction refers to the systematic refraction effect distorting the results of line levelling over the Earth's surface. In line levelling, short...

Molar refractivity, R m {\displaystyle R_{m}} , is a measure of the total polarizability of a mole of a substance. For a perfect dielectric which is made...

Mémoire sur la double réfraction" in Fresnel, 1866–70, vol. 2, pp. 465–478; translated as "Extract of a [second] memoir on double refraction", Zenodo: 5442206...

Great refractor refers to a large telescope with a lens, usually the largest refractor at an observatory with an equatorial mount. The preeminence and...

possible conical refractions, one internal and one external. For internal refraction, there are 4 directions, and for external refraction, there are 4 other...

Refraction microtremor (ReMi) is a surface-performed geophysical survey developed by Dr. John Louie (and others) based on previously existing principles...

automated refractor is a computer-controlled machine used during an eye examination to provide an objective measurement of a person's refractive error and...

millibar. Physics portal Sellmeier equation Cauchy, Augustin-Louis. "Sur la réfraction et la réflexion de la lumière". Bulletin de Ferussae, Volume XIV, p. 6-10...

Total refraction occurs when an incident wave on an interface between two media with opposite refractive index signs is completely transmitted. There is...

well-characterized refractive index, but these indices often depend strongly upon the frequency of light, causing optical dispersion. Standard refractive index measurements...

A refractor card is a trading card that has a reflective coating and displays a rainbow when held at a specific angle. They are parallels of base set...

Astigmatism is a type of refractive error due to rotational asymmetry in the eye's refractive power. This results in distorted or blurred vision at any...

JSTOR 107522. A. Fresnel, "Note sur la double réfraction du verre comprimé" ("Note on the double refraction of compressed glass"), read 16 September 1822...

 359. Whittaker, 1910, pp. 177–179. A. Fresnel, "Mémoire sur la double réfraction que les rayons lumineux éprouvent en traversant les aiguilles de cristal...

eye. In an eye exam, the term refraction is the determination of the ideal correction of refractive error. Refractive error is an optical abnormality...

In optics, optical power (also referred to as dioptric power, refractive power, focusing power, or convergence power) is the degree to which a lens, mirror...

difficult, one eye being more nearsighted or farsighted than the other (refractive), or clouding of the lens of an eye (deprivational). After the underlying...

Great Refractor (also known as the Grande Lunette) is a double telescope with lenses (83 cm + 62 cm), in Meudon, France. It is a twin refracting telescope...

A game engine is a software framework primarily designed for the development of video games and generally includes relevant libraries and support programs...