2024. Retrieved 29 March 2022. Holm, John A. (1989). "Kiautschou Pidgin German". Pidgins and Creoles: Volume 2, Reference Survey (1st ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge...

During the colonial era, a form of pidgin Arabic known as Turku was used as a lingua franca. There are still Arabic pidgins in Chad today, such as Bongor Arabic...

pidgins have existed. In the 16th century, Basque sailors used a Basque–Icelandic pidgin in their contacts with Iceland. The Algonquian–Basque pidgin...

The German-Russian pidgin is a macaronic language of mixed German and Russian that appears to have arisen in the early 1990s. It is sometimes known as...

classified as critically endangered by UNESCO. A creole language, Hawaiian Pidgin (or Hawaii Creole English, HCE), is more commonly spoken in Hawaiʻi than...

debatable, he is credited with increasing its popularity and that of Hawaiian Pidgin as well. The shaka has achieved great popularity in Australia, primarily...

Luxembourgish, Hunsrik, and Scots. Additionally, several creoles, patois, and pidgins are based on Dutch, English, or German. The Germanic languages are traditionally...

Worter-Buch, Johannes Riemer's 1779 Wörterbuch zur Erlernung der Saramakka-Neger-Sprache, a copied and edited version of Schumann, Jan Voorhoeve and Antoon Donicie's...

theory of creole language development that does not involve an intermediate pidgin stage (Bollée 1977b), and has worked extensively on the history of the creole...

Bodiman, Oli (Ewodi, Wuri), Pongo and Mongo. He also notes a Duala-based pidgin named Jo. The origins of Duala come from the migrations of the Duala people...

traces back to African languages spoken by the slaves who had to develop a pidgin or Creole English to communicate with slaves of other ethnic and linguistic...

vereinfachte, weitestgehende Ableitung von der in Europa verbreitetsten Sprache, das ist die deutsche! English translation: An artificial language such...

term originates with one such language, Mediterranean Lingua Franca, a pidgin language used as a trade language in the Mediterranean area from the 11th...

Southern Africa, and 'Hottentot Dutch', a pidgin that descended from 'Foreigner Talk' and ultimately from the Dutch pidgin spoken by slaves, via hypothetical...

reduction of the Proto-Germanic inflectional system was the result of pidginization with that substrate. Germanicist John A. Hawkins set forth in 1990 some...

1983, Lionel Bender proposed that Amharic may have been constructed as a pidgin as early as the 4th century AD to enable communication between Aksumite...

after his death. Sign languages are not the same worldwide. Aside from the pidgin International Sign, each country generally has its own native sign language...

zum mündlichen Verkehr in der fremden Sprache. So entstand aus der Not der Gedanke der internationalen Sprache von neuem. English translation: The men...

the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Languages portal Africa portal Pidgin Wolof List of proposed etymologies of OK Wolof at Ethnologue (27th ed.,...

Odimegwu (2012). A Comparative Analysis of Jamaican Creole and Nigerian Pidgin English. Pamela Odimegwu. ISBN 978-1-4781-5890-5. Roxy Harris; Ben Rampton...

ISBN 978-1-58983-706-5. Baker, Philip; Mühlhäusler, Peter (1990). "From Business to Pidgin". Journal of Asian Pacific Communication. 1 (1): 87–116. Högström, Pehr...

Solombala-English, a Russian-English pidgin, in the 18th and 19th centuries in an unusual example of a trade-related pidgin. Some of the oldest documented sign...

doi:10.7827/turkishstudies.8215. Hualde, Jose Ignatio. "Icelandic Basque pidgin". Retrieved 13 June 2024. ...translation of two manuscripts written in Iceland...

is designed to express maximal meaning with minimal complexity. Like a pidgin, it focuses on simple concepts and elements that are near-universal among...

linguist Johann Christian Christoph Rüdiger (1751–1822) whose book Von der Sprache und Herkunft der Zigeuner aus Indien (1782) posited Romani was descended...

Wort, A. P. Volodin, A. S. Asinovsky Arends, Muysken, & Smith (1995), Pidgins and Creoles: An Introduction "WALS Online - Language Itelmen". Y. P. Alkor...

language Language planning Post-creole continuum Monogenetic theory of pidgins List of diglossic regions Saxon, Wolfgang (April 10, 2002). "W. A. Stewart...

Wiesbaden: F. Steiner. p. 310. OCLC 2598722. Ammon, Ulrich (1995). Die deutsche Sprache in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz: das Problem der nationalen...

ISBN 9780195219487, retrieved November 6, 2010 Holm, John A. (1989), Pidgins and Creoles: References survey, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521359405...

1876), Skidegate (merged 1879), and Hydaburg (merged 1911). In the 1830s a pidgin trade language based on Haida, known as Haida Jargon, was used in the islands...