• Thumbnail for Calutron
    A calutron is a mass spectrometer originally designed and used for separating the isotopes of uranium. It was developed by Ernest Lawrence during the Manhattan...
    63 KB (7,635 words) - 01:13, 11 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for Calutron Girls
    The Calutron Girls were a group of young women—mostly high school graduates—who had joined the Manhattan Project at the Y-12 National Security Complex...
    17 KB (1,766 words) - 21:36, 11 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for Y-12 National Security Complex
    uranium-235 from natural uranium, which is 99.3% uranium-238, by using calutrons to perform electromagnetic isotope separation. Y-12 separated the uranium-235...
    21 KB (2,243 words) - 16:17, 15 September 2024
  • respective collection targets. A production-scale mass spectrometer named the Calutron was developed during World War II that provided some of the 235U used for...
    48 KB (5,561 words) - 17:58, 8 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Timeline of the Manhattan Project
    electromagnetic separation methods which resulted in the invention of Calutron. Compton puts the case for plutonium before Bush and Conant. December 7:...
    34 KB (4,184 words) - 12:40, 22 August 2024
  • Thumbnail for Ernest Lawrence
    isotope separation at the Radiation Laboratory. It used devices known as calutrons, a hybrid of the standard laboratory mass spectrometer and cyclotron....
    61 KB (6,926 words) - 08:36, 13 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for History of mass spectrometry
    this instrument to verify the equivalence of mass and energy, E = mc2. A Calutron is a sector mass spectrometer that was used for separating the isotopes...
    25 KB (2,962 words) - 14:33, 20 July 2024
  • Thumbnail for Richard Feynman
    uranium-238. This was done in a quite different manner from that used by the calutron that was under development by a team under Wilson's former mentor, Ernest...
    127 KB (14,512 words) - 20:54, 27 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Manhattan Project
    to manage Y-12. The calutrons were turned over to trained Tennessee Eastman operators known as the Calutron Girls. The calutrons initially enriched the...
    181 KB (22,073 words) - 18:52, 11 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Electrical conductor
    on loan from the United States Treasury were used in the making of the calutron magnets during World War II due to wartime shortages of copper. Aluminum...
    14 KB (1,646 words) - 12:01, 9 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Mass spectrometry
    known as calutrons were developed by Ernest O. Lawrence and used for separating the isotopes of uranium during the Manhattan Project. Calutron mass spectrometers...
    82 KB (10,326 words) - 02:15, 19 October 2024
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    Calutron operators at the Y-12 Plant in Oak Ridge during the Manhattan Project...
    249 KB (22,505 words) - 05:43, 9 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Frank Oppenheimer
    Oppenheimer (center) with part of a calutron at Berkeley (date unknown)...
    27 KB (2,768 words) - 02:09, 2 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Gold
    atomic experiments, but large high-current silver wires were used in the calutron isotope separator magnets in the project. It is estimated that 16% of the...
    142 KB (16,014 words) - 06:51, 7 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Silver
    II in the US, 13540 tons of silver were used for the electromagnets in calutrons for enriching uranium, mainly because of the wartime shortage of copper...
    95 KB (11,268 words) - 07:28, 7 November 2024
  • used in the first atomic bombs. Devices using his principle are named calutrons. After the war the method was largely abandoned as impractical. It had...
    32 KB (4,304 words) - 06:50, 19 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for Diffusion pump
    Diffusion pumps used on the Calutron mass spectrometers during the Manhattan Project, visible as black cylinders in the upper half of the image...
    10 KB (1,246 words) - 18:19, 14 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
    contributing to the project. It has been rumoured that he visited the Calutron project. He wrote that his scientific research was motivated by his desire...
    60 KB (5,697 words) - 13:13, 7 November 2024
  • included both 1200 mm and 600 mm separators. Tarmiya was the site of the 20 calutrons used to enrich uranium to 35%, located in two buildings at the site. This...
    5 KB (754 words) - 04:47, 6 October 2021
  • Thumbnail for The Oak Ridge Boys
    and were given a tour of the Y-12 National Security Complex's historic Calutrons (used to separate the uranium 235 for Little Boy, the first atomic bomb...
    44 KB (4,404 words) - 15:12, 28 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Uranium tetrachloride
    for the Ernest O. Lawrence's Alpha Calutrons. Its major benefit being the uranium tetrachloride used in the calutrons is not as corrosive as the uranium...
    8 KB (808 words) - 22:55, 14 March 2024
  • Thompson-Houston Amtrak, from American and track Bapes, from bathing and ape Calutron, from California University Cyclotron Citizendium, from Citizens' Compendium...
    41 KB (3,734 words) - 10:11, 2 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Field coil
    to build the first atomic bomb used electromagnetic devices known as calutrons to enrich uranium. Thousands of tons of silver were borrowed from the...
    9 KB (1,087 words) - 15:33, 6 July 2024
  • Thumbnail for Project Y
    Project on 23 September 1942. He visited Berkeley to look at Lawrence's calutrons, and met with Oppenheimer, who gave him a report on bomb design on 8 October...
    129 KB (16,870 words) - 21:40, 20 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for Gaseous diffusion
    product of which was around 23% 235U. Finally, this material was fed into calutrons at the Y-12. These machines (a type of mass spectrometer) employed electromagnetic...
    18 KB (2,016 words) - 15:24, 20 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for Nuclear weapon design
    The Y-12 plant in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, where mass spectrometers called calutrons had enriched uranium for the Manhattan Project, was redesigned to make...
    124 KB (16,302 words) - 10:42, 7 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
    electromagnetic enrichment of uranium using their experience with cyclotrons. The calutrons (named after the University) became the basic unit of the massive Y-12...
    67 KB (6,134 words) - 05:54, 16 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Women in physics
    Manhattan project hires the Calutron Girls, a large group of young girls to monitor dials and watch meters for calutrons, mass spectrometers adapted for...
    83 KB (8,161 words) - 19:11, 5 November 2024
  • clone), and convince him to go to Falcon's Edge, supposedly to photograph a calutron left over from the Soviet era, over fears that Drake is trying to activate...
    169 KB (27,060 words) - 14:48, 14 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Time-of-flight mass spectrometry
    674.. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.69.674.2. US 2847576, Lawrence, Ernest O., "Calutron system", published 1958-08-12, assigned to US, Atomic Energy Commission ...
    30 KB (3,944 words) - 15:48, 2 November 2024