4.5 billion years for different isotopes, making them useful for dating the age of the Earth. The most common isotopes in natural uranium are uranium-238...

Platinum also has 38 synthetic isotopes ranging in atomic mass from 165 to 208, making the total number of known isotopes 44. The least stable of these...

fast reactor is a nuclear reactor design that uses molten lead or lead-bismuth eutectic coolant. These materials can be used as the primary coolant because...

of neptunium-237, these are the five most stable isotopes of radium. All other 27 known radium isotopes have half-lives under two hours, and the majority...

of isotopes of stable atoms. Thomson's device was a crude version of the instrument we now term a mass spectrometer. Neon has three stable isotopes: 20Ne...

48 MeV of energy. The known isotopes of silicon range in mass number from 22 to 46. The most common decay mode of the isotopes with mass numbers lower than...

are seven naturally occurring isotopes of Thorium but none are stable. 232Th is one of the two nuclides beyond bismuth (the other being 238U) that have...

to power some spacecraft. Plutonium isotopes are expensive and inconvenient to separate, so particular isotopes are usually manufactured in specialized...

than 15 minutes. The isotopes of cobalt range in atomic weight from 50 u (50Co) to 73 u (73Co). The primary decay mode for isotopes with atomic mass unit...

isotopes are lutetium-174 with a half-life of 3.31 years, and lutetium-173 with a half-life of 1.37 years. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have...

seven stable isotopes and two long-lived radioactive isotopes. More than 40 unstable xenon isotopes undergo radioactive decay, and the isotope ratios of...

is generated. Radon isotopes are the immediate decay products of radium isotopes. The instability of 222Rn, its most stable isotope, makes radon one of...

stable isotopes of potassium can be laser cooled and used to probe fundamental and technological problems in quantum physics. The two bosonic isotopes possess...

elements. At least 40 isotopes of hafnium have been observed, ranging in mass number from 153 to 192. The five stable isotopes have mass numbers ranging...

be given. Like all synthetic elements, it would have no stable isotopes. No isotopes of ununennium are known. The below table contains various combinations...

142Nd are praseodymium isotopes, and the primary products after 142Nd are promethium isotopes. Four of the five stable isotopes are only observationally...

68 (erbium) isotopes, and the primary products after are element 70 (ytterbium) isotopes. Thulium-169 is thulium's only primordial isotope and is the only...

and iron, so as to recycle long-lived waste isotopes such as neptunium-237 into shorter-lived isotopes more useful as nuclear fuel. One neptunium-based...

artificial isotopes of zirconium have been synthesized, ranging in atomic mass from 77 to 114. 93Zr is the longest-lived artificial isotope, with a half-life...

isotopes primarily undergo beta plus decay to isotopes of arsenic, and isotopes heavier than the stable isotopes undergo beta minus decay to isotopes...

isotopes, and the primary products after are erbium isotopes. Natural holmium consists of one primordial isotope, holmium-165; it is the only isotope...

Retrieved 28 February 2018. Bismuth - Royal Society of Chemistry Gordon, Robert B.; Rutledge, John W. (1984). "Bismuth Bronze from Machu Picchu, Peru"...

allotrope β-germanium with the same structure as β-tin. Like silicon, gallium, bismuth, antimony, and water, germanium is one of the few substances that expands...

percent upon melting. Gallium has 30 known isotopes, ranging in mass number from 60 to 89. Only two isotopes are stable and occur naturally, gallium-69...

radioactive isotopes. Under her direction, the world's first studies were conducted into the treatment of neoplasms by the use of radioactive isotopes. She founded...

isotopes lighter than 141Pr is positron emission or electron capture to isotopes of cerium, while that of heavier isotopes is beta decay to isotopes of...

always is to be mentioned. Naturally occurring lanthanum is made up of two isotopes, the stable 139 La and the primordial long-lived radioisotope 138 La. 139...

the isotope nickel-63, held in a module the size of a very small coin. As it is consumed, the nickel-63 decays into stable, non-radioactive isotopes of...

The isotopes of ytterbium range from 149Yb to 187Yb. The primary decay mode of ytterbium isotopes lighter than the most abundant stable isotope, 174Yb...

Because of the specificity of its uptake by the human body, radioactive isotopes of iodine can also be used to treat thyroid cancer. Iodine is also used...