and Southern dynasties (南北朝（ㄋㄢˊ ㄅㄟˇ ㄔㄠˊ）) (AD 386–589) Northern dynasties (北朝（ㄅㄟˇ ㄔㄠˊ）) (AD 386–581) Northern Wei (北魏（ㄅㄟˇ ㄨㄟˋ）) (AD 386–535) – Ruled by...

2013-12-30 at the Wayback Machine 2005-09-01 (Chinese)"北方军事重镇-汉唐经略东北的基地-民族大融合的魏晋十六国北朝时期" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage Archived 2013-12-30...