2 euro commemorative coins

€2 commemorative coins are special euro coins that have been minted and issued by member states of the eurozone since 2004 as legal tender in all eurozone member states.

€2 coins are the only denomination intended for circulation that may be issued as commemorative coins. Only the national obverse sides of the commemorative coins differ; the common reverse sides do not. The coins typically commemorate the anniversaries of historical events or current events of special importance.

Since 2012, the number of commemorative coins has been limited to two per country per year; previously only one was allowed. Issues of common commemoratives do not count towards the limit. The total number of commemorative coins placed in circulation per year is also limited. The commemorative coins must follow the design standards stipulated for regular €2 coins, with design limitations to guarantee uniformity.

Up to the end of 2024, 548 variations of €2 commemorative coins have been issued. Finland, Italy, Luxembourg, San Marino and the Vatican City are the only countries to have released at least one commemorative coin every year since 2004.

Though they have become collectibles, €2 commemoratives are different from non-standard denomination commemorative euro coins, which are officially designated as "collector coins", not intended for circulation and usually made of precious metals.^[1]

Regulations and restrictions

Commemorative coins shall bear a different national design from that of the regular coins and shall only commemorate subjects of major national or European relevance. Commemorative coins issued collectively by all Member States whose currency is the euro shall only commemorate subjects of the highest European relevance and their design shall be without prejudice to the possible constitutional requirements of these Member States. The 2-euro coin constitutes the most suitable denomination for this purpose, principally on account of the large diameter of the coin and its technical characteristics, which offer adequate protection against counterfeiting.

The basis for the euro coins is derived from a European recommendation from 2003, which allowed changing the national obverse sides of euro coins from 1 January 2004 onwards.^[2]

Regarding them, a series of restrictions apply:^[3]^[4]^[1]

Commemorative coins have a different national face than usual and keep the common face.
They are intended to commemorate some relevant event or personality at a national or European level.
Each State can only issue one commemorative coin per year and always in the format of 2 euros. Since 2013, two commemorative coins per year are allowed.
The joint commemorative issues carried out by all the States of the eurozone (that is to say, excluding the euro-issuing States that do not belong to the EU), are additional to the emissions carried out by each State individually.
In the event that the State Headquarters is vacant or provisionally occupied, that State may issue an additional commemorative coin.
The legend engraved on the edge of the commemorative euro coins intended for circulation must be the same as that on the normal euro coins intended for circulation.
They have limited the maximum volume of emission.

The total number of such coins put into circulation per year should not surpass the higher of the following two numbers:^[5]

0.1% of the total number of €2 coins put into circulation by all members of the eurozone. This limit can exceptionally be increased to up to 2.0 per cent if the coin commemorates a very important and noteworthy event; in this case, the member state issuing this higher number of coins should refrain from putting any commemorative coins into circulation for the following four years.
5.0% of the total number of €2 coins put into circulation by the member state issuing the €2 commemorative coin.

Since 2005, the recommendations for the design of the national sides of all the coins have been modified, which has also affected the designs of the €2 commemorative coins of the following years. See euro coins for more information.^[where?]

The different States must inform each other of the new draft designs (both of the "regular" coins and the 2 euro commemorative coins) as well as the European Council and the European Commission, which must give their approval. One consequence of the above was the case of the 2 euro commemorative coin that Belgium planned to issue in 2015 on the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Waterloo, which caused complaints from France and Belgium's resignation from issuing such a coin. However, Belgium issued a collector's coin of 2.50 euros, taking advantage of the fact that these coins are not submitted to the prior information of their draft designs.

A Dutch law, which requires the portrait of the current head of state of the Netherlands and the words NAME (Koning/Koningin) der Nederlanden to appear on all coins issued by the Netherlands (for example, currently Willem-Alexander Koning der Nederlanden) was amended in 2007, so that the Netherlands could take part in the issuing program of the "50th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome" common €2 commemorative coin, issued by all eurozone member states; the amendment completely removed the requirement for €2 commemorative coins.

Issues

20 members of the eurozone and four microstates (Andorra, Monaco, San Marino and the Vatican City) have independently issued €2 commemorative coins, with Greece being the first country to do so.

The four microstates which also use the euro due to an official agreement with the European Union, do not issue the common €2 commemorative coins, issued by all the other eurozone members to commemorate events of Europe-wide importance, as they are not member states of the European Union.

There have also been five common €2 commemorative coins issued by all eurozone member states:

European Union: 50 years since the Treaty of Rome in 2007.
European Union: 10 years of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union in 2009.
European Union: 10 years of Euro Coins and Banknotes in 2012.
European Union: 30 years of the Flag of Europe in 2015.
European Union: 35 years of the Erasmus Programme in 2022.

Three joint issues:

Germany France: 50th anniversary of the signing of the Élysée Treaty (2013) – two coins.
Germany France: 30 years since the fall of the Berlin Wall (2019) – two coins.
Estonia Latvia Lithuania: The 100th anniversary of the foundation of the independent Baltic states (2018) – three coins.

Thirteen coins series with a specific theme:

Croatia: Croatian Cities (2024–future) – coins representing Croatian cities.
Estonia: Estonian National Symbols (2021–future) – coins representing national symbols of Estonia.
France: 2024 Summer Olympics (2021–2024) – one coin per year representing sports at the 2024 Summer Olympics.
Germany: Bundesländer I (2006–2022), Bundesländer II (2023–2038) – one coin per year for each of the 16 States of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Latvia: Latvian Historical Regions (2016–2018) – four coins representing the Historical Latvian Lands.
Lithuania: Lithuanian Ethnographical Regions (2019–future) – one coin per year for each of the five ethnographic regions of Lithuania.
Luxembourg: Luxembourgish Grand-Ducal Dynasty (2004–future) – coins representing the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg.
Malta:
- Maltese constitutional history (2011–2015) – one coin per year representing events of the constitutional history of Malta.
- Maltese Prehistoric Sites (2016–2022) – one coin per year commemorating the Megalithic Temples of Malta and the Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum.
- From Children in Solidarity (2016–2020) – one coin per year about the solidarity, with children's designs.
- Maltese Walled Cities (2024-future) – one coin per year representing Maltese walled cities.
Spain: Spanish UNESCO World Heritage Sites (2010–future) – one coin per year commemorating Spain's UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Country

Issues

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

reg.

ToR

reg.

EMU

reg.

10Y€

reg.

30YF

reg.

ErPr

Andorra

21

Y

Y/Y

S/S

Austria

8

Y

Belgium

34

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y/S

Croatia

3

Y

Y/Y

S/S

Cyprus

8

Y

Estonia

18

Y

Y/Y

Y

Finland

38

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y/S

France

34

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y/S

Germany

32

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y/S

Greece

29

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

S/S

Ireland

8

Y

Italy

38

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Latvia

17

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

S

Lithuania

18

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/S

Luxembourg

39

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Malta

31

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Monaco

15

Y

Y/S

Netherlands

9

Y

Y/Y

Y

Portugal

34

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y/S

San Marino

33

Y

Y/Y

Y/S

Slovakia

20

Y

Y/Y

Y

Slovenia

20

Y

S

Spain

27

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Vatican City

30

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Υ/Y

Y/S

S

Total

564

6

8

7

13

10

9

16

12

16

13

17

23

27

28

19

32

36

32

34

31

30

19

36

34(1)

17(17)

Y – yes	was either not yet part of the eurozone or authorized to mint euro coins (Andorra since 1 April 2012)
no	S – scheduled

Issued designs are made public in the Official Journal of the European Union.^[6]

2004 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[2]	Greece	Summer Olympics in Athens 2004	50 million coins	14 March 2004
[2]	Description: The twelve stars of the European Union positioned around the outer circle surround the design of an ancient statue depicting a discobolus in his attempt to throw the discus. The base of the statue covers a small part of the coin's external ring (outer part). To the left is the logo of the Olympic Games ‘ATHENS 2004’ and the five Olympic circles, and to the right, one above the other, are the figure ‘2’ and the word ‘ΕΥΡΩ’. The yearmark is written in split form around the star positioned bottom centre, as follows: 20*04 and the mintmark is above the athlete's head to the left.

[3]	Finland	Fifth Enlargement of the European Union in 2004	1 million coins	FDI:^[7] 1 June 2004 FDC:^[8] 1 July 2004
[3]	Description: The design describes a stylised pillar from which the sprouts grow upwards. The sprouts represent the enlargement of the European Union. The pillar represents the foundation for growth. Near the pillar there are the letters ‘EU’. In the upper part of the coin there is the year ‘2004’. Twelve stars, together with the year, surround the design.

[4]	Luxembourg	Effigy and Monogram of Grand Duke Henri	2,481,800 coins	23 June 2004
[4]	Description: The coin depicts on the left hand of the inner part the effigy of His Royal Highness, the Grand-Duke Henri, looking to the right, and on the right hand the monogram of the Grand-Duke Henri (special letter ‘H’ topped with a crown). The 12 stars appear in semi-circular form at the right of the monogram. The year 2004, surrounded by the mint mark as well as the engraver's initials, and the word LËTZEBUERG are written in circular form at the top of the ring. The words ‘HENRI — Grand-Duc de Luxembourg’ appear at the bottom of the ring.

[5]	Italy	Fifth Decade of the World Food Programme	16 million coins	15 December 2004
[5]	Description: The foreground shows the globe, tilted to the right and bearing the inscription ‘WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME’, from which emerges an ear of wheat, an ear of maize and an ear of rice, the three grains representing the world's basic sources of nourishment. To the right of the globe is the I superimposed on an R denoting ‘Repubblica Italiana’, below which there appears a smaller combination of the letters U and P, the initials of the engraver, Uliana Pernazza. To the upper left of the globe there appears the mint mark ‘R’ and under the globe the year mark ‘2004’. The 12 stars of the European Union are positioned around the outer circle.

[6]	San Marino	Bartolomeo Borghesi	110,000 coins	15 December 2004
[6]	Description: The twelve stars of the European Union positioned around the outer circle of the coin and the issuing year ‘2004’, positioned bottom centre, surround the bust of Bartolomeo Borghesi. To the left of the bust is the inscription ‘Bartolomeo Borghesi’, and one above the other are the letter ‘R’ and the engraver's initials ‘E.L.F.’. To the right of the bust is the word ‘San Marino’.

[7]	Vatican City	75th anniversary of the Foundation of the Vatican City State	100,000 coins	15 December 2004
[7]	Description: The inner part shows a schematic representation of the perimeter walls of the Vatican City with St Peter's Basilica in the foreground. The inscriptions ‘75o ANNO DELLO STATO’ and ‘1929-2004’ appear around the left- and upper right-hand edges of the inner part. To the bottom left, in smaller letters, is the name of the author ‘VEROI’ and the initials of the engraver ‘L.D.S. INC.’. The twelve stars of the European Union and the inscription ‘CITTA' DEL VATICANO’ are positioned around the outer circle.

2005 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[8]	Luxembourg	50th birthday of Grand Duke Henri, 5th anniversary of his accession to the throne and 100th anniversary of the death of Grand Duke Adolphe	2,769,000 coins	15 January 2005
[8]	Description: The coin depicts on the left-hand side of its inner part the effigy of His Royal Highness, the Grand Duke Henri, looking to the right, and superimposed on the effigy of the former Grand Duke Adolphe on the right-hand side of the inner part. Above the effigies appears, in semi-circular form, the legend ‘GRANDS-DUCS DE LUXEMBOURG’. The text ‘HENRI * 1955 ADOLPHE + 1905’ is inscribed below their respective effigies. On the outer ring of the coin, the 12 stars surrounding the design are placed between the letters of the text ‘LËTZEBUERG’. The date 2005 is inscribed below, flanked by the logo of the Mint and the letter ‘S’.

[9]	Belgium	Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union	6 million coins	FDI:^[7] 1 March 2005 FDC:^[8] 1 April 2005
[9]	Description: The effigies of Grand-Duke Henri of Luxembourg and King Albert II of Belgium are depicted in profile in the centre of the design. The profile of King Albert II is slightly superimposed on that of Grand-Duke Henri. Under the effigies appears the year mark ‘2005’. To the lower right there is a combination of the letters ‘LL’, the engraver's initials. The two effigies and the date are surrounded by the twelve stars and by the monograms of Grand-Duke Henri to the left and of King Albert II to the right. The mintmarks each appear between two stars, one on the left and one on the right of the bottom part of the outer circle.

[10]	Spain	4th Centenary of the first edition of Miguel de Cervantes' El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha	8 million coins	1 April 2005
[10]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts an image of ‘El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha’, who appears holding a lance, and windmills in the background. To the left, there is a marked sector in which the word ‘ESPAÑA’ appears incused, and underneath this sector the MINT mark ‘M’. On the outer ring of the coin, the twelve stars of the European Union are depicted, with, on the right, four of them (corresponding to the positions 1, 2, 3 and 4 on a clock) incused within an arc. The year of mintage appears at the bottom among three stars.

[11]	Austria	50th anniversary of the Austrian State Treaty	7 million coins	11 May 2005
[11]	Description: The outer ring bears the twelve stars of the European Union. The inner part shows a reproduction of the signatures and seals from the last page of the Austrian State Treaty, signed in May 1955 by the Foreign Ministers and the Ambassadors of the Soviet Union, Great Britain, USA and France, and the then Austrian Foreign Minister Leopold Figl, with the inscription ‘50 JAHRE STAATSVERTRAG’ above the seals, running along the upper edge of the inner part in a quasi-semicircle slightly tilted to the right. At the bottom left is the year of issue, 2005. The vertically-striped background of the inner part depicts the heraldic representation of the Austrian national colours (red-white-red).

[12]	San Marino	World Year of Physics 2005	130,000 coins	14 October 2005
[12]	Description: On the inner part of the coin is a free interpretation of the allegorical painting known as ‘la fisica antica’ or the study of the planets, depicting Galileo Galilei. The year of mintage appears in the illustration on a desk underneath a globe. To the left of the image is the mintmark ‘R’. The engraver's initials ‘LDS’ appear on the right hand side. The word ‘San Marino’ forms a quasi-semicircle along the upper edge of the inner part, while the words ‘ANNO MONDIALE DELLA FISICA’ run along the lower edge of the inner part. The twelve stars of the European Union are depicted on the outer ring. Between the stars appear parts of a stylised atom which covers the entire coin.

[13]	Finland	60th anniversary of the establishment of the United Nations and 50th anniversary of Finland's UN membership	2 million coins	25 October 2005
[13]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts a dove of peace formed of pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. Underneath the dove, along the edge of the lower half of the inner circle, the words Finland — UN appear on the left and the year of mintage on the right. Above the figure, close to the jigsaw puzzle, there is a letter ‘K’, the engraver's initial. The MINT mark ‘M’ appears underneath the representation of the dove of peace. The twelve stars of the European Union are depicted on the outer ring.

[14]	Italy	1st anniversary of the signing of the European Constitution	18 million coins	29 October 2005
[14]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows a representation of Europa and the bull. Europa holds a pen and the text of the European Constitution. To the upper left of the image is the mintmark ‘R’. The initials of the engraver Maria Carmela Colaneri ‘MCC’ appear at the lower left. The year of mintage appears in the top right of the illustration above the head of the bull. In the lower part of the illustration there is the monogram of the Italian Republic, ‘RI’. The words ‘COSTITUZIONE EUROPEA’ form a quasi-semicircle on the lower part of the outer ring. Twelve stars are depicted on the upper part of the outer ring.

[15]	Vatican City	20th World Youth Day, held in Cologne in August 2005	100,000 coins	6 December 2005
[15]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows a representation of the Cathedral of Cologne with a comet in the upper part of the design. The words ‘XX GIORNATA MONDIALE DELLA GIOVENTU'’ form a quasi-semicircle along the upper edge of the inner part, interrupted by the tail of the comet and one of the church spires. Twelve stars in a quasi-semicircle appear on the upper part of the outer ring. At the top, within the outer ring, the year of mintage (2005) and the mintmark ‘R’ are inserted between the stars. On the lower part of the outer ring the words ‘CITTA' DEL VATICANO’ form a semicircle.

2006 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[16]	Italy	Winter Olympics in Turin 2006	40 million coins	FDI:^[7] 10 January 2006 FDC:^[8] 10 February 2006
[16]	Description: The foreground shows a skier racing, against a background of stylised graphic elements: the monogram of the Italian Republic ‘RI’ at the top left, below it the letter ‘R’ and an image of Turin's landmark Mole Antonelliana building with the inscription ‘TORINO’ below; the words ‘GIOCHI INVERNALI’ at the top right; to the right of the skier, the year of issue, 2006, written vertically, and the initials of the designer, Maria Carmela Colaneri, MCC. The twelve stars of the European Union encircle the design.

[17]	Luxembourg	25th birthday of Hereditary Grand Duke Guillaume	1,047,500 coins	11 January 2006
[17]	Description: The coin depicts on the left-hand side of the inner part the effigy of His Royal Highness, The Grand-Duke Henri looking to the right, superimposed on the effigy of the hereditary Grand-Duke Guillaume, on the right-hand side of the inner part. The date 2006 appears below both effigies, flanked by the letter ‘S’ and the logo of the Mint. The word ‘LËTZEBUERG’ appears above the effigies along the upper edge of the inner part of the coin. The 12 stars surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.

[18]	Germany	Holstentor in Lübeck (Schleswig-Holstein) First of the Bundesländer I series	30 million coins	3 February 2006
[18]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows a representation of the ‘Holstentor’, the landmark gate of the town of Lübeck. The word ‘Schleswig-Holstein’ appears underneath the gate at the bottom of the inner part. The engraver's initials ‘HH’ are depicted on the right hand side of the design. One of the letters ‘A’, ‘D’, ‘F’, ‘G’ or ‘J’ appears as the mintmark on the left hand side of the design. Twelve stars form a semicircle on the upper part of the outer ring, interrupted by the year of mintage ‘2006’ at the top of the coin. The words ‘Bundesrepublik Deutschland’ form a semicircle on the lower part of the outer ring.

[19]	Belgium	Renovation of the Atomium in Brussels	5 million coins	10 April 2006
[19]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows a representation of the ‘Atomium’. The engraver's initials ‘LL’ are depicted to the lower right hand side of the Atomium. Two mintmarks appear along the edge of the inner part, one on the right and one on the left of the lower ball of the Atomium. Twelve stars surround the design on the outer ring. The monogram ‘B’ appears at the top of the coin between two stars and the year of mintage ‘2006’ appears at the bottom of the circle between two stars.

[20]	Finland	1st Centenary of the Introduction of Universal and Equal Suffrage	2.5 million coins	4 October 2006
[20]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows male and female faces separated by a line. On the left side of the coin, is the date 1 October 1906 and on the right side, is the year with the imbedded country abbreviation 20 FI 06. The mint mark ‘M’ appears at the left of each face. The twelve stars of the European flag are depicted on the outer ring.

[21]	San Marino	500th anniversary of the death of Christopher Columbus	120,000 coins	17 October 2006
[21]	Description: Portrait of Christopher Columbus and a representation of the three Caravels; above the portrait the inscription ‘SAN MARINO’ and the wind rose; in the middle the mint mark ‘R’; below, the dates ‘1506 — 2006’ in a cartouche and the initials of the author Luciana De Simoni ‘LDS’; on the outer ring, the twelve stars of the European flag surrounding the design.

[22]	Vatican City	500th anniversary of the Swiss Guard	100,000 coins	9 November 2006
[22]	Description: The coin features a Swiss guard taking the solemn oath on the Swiss Guard flag. The inscription ‘GUARDIA SVIZZERA PONTIFICIA’ surrounds the guard, forming a semi-circle which is complemented under the flag by the name of the issuing state ‘CITTÁ DEL VATICANO’. The year 1506 appears on the left side, above the signature of the engraver ‘O. ROSSI’ along the pole of the flag. The year 2006 appears on the upper right side, above the mint mark ‘R’. The twelve stars of the European flag are depicted on the outer ring.

2007 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[23]	Germany	Schwerin Castle (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) Second of the Bundesländer I series	30 million coins	2 February 2007
[23]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows a representation of the Schwerin Castle. The word ‘Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ’is inscribed underneath the castle and the engraver's initials ‘HH ’appear at the bottom of the inner part of the coin. One of the letters ‘A’, ‘D’, ‘F’, ‘G ’or ‘J ’appears as the mintmark above the design. Twelve stars form a semicircle on the upper part of the outer ring, interrupted by the year of mintage ‘2007 ’at the top of the coin. The words ‘Bundesrepublik Deutschland ’form a semicircle on the lower part of the outer ring.

[24]	Luxembourg	Grand Ducal Palace	1,031,000 coins	2 February 2007
[24]	Description: The coin depicts on the right hand of its inner part the effigy of His Royal Highness, the Grand-Duke Henri, looking to the left and superimposed on the picture of the grand-ducal Palace on the left hand side of the inner part. The date 2007 is inscribed on the left side of the inner part, with the engraver's mark above and the mint mark below. The text ‘LËTZEBUERG’ appears under the design on the inner part of the coin. The twelve stars of the European flag surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.

[25]	Vatican City	80th birthday of Pope Benedict XVI	100,000 coins	FDI:^[7] 16 April 2007 FDC:^[8] 1 October 2007
[25]	Description: The inner part of the coin features a bust of His Holiness Benedictus XVI in profile facing to the left. The legend ‘BENEDICTI XVI P.M. AETATIS ANNO LXXX CITTA' DEL VATICANO’ is engraved around the portrait. On the left hand side, the mintmark ‘R’, the issuing year ‘2007’ and the initials of the engraver ‘M.C.C. INC.’. On the right hand side, the author's name ‘LONGO’. The outer ring of the coin depicts the twelve stars of the European flag.

[26]	Portugal	Portuguese Presidency of the Council of the European Union	2 million coins	FDI:^[7] 1 June 2007 FDC:^[8] 1 July 2007
[26]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows a cork oak (Quercus Suber). Under the branches, on the left hand side, the Portuguese coat of arms; on the right hand side, the word ‘POR TU GAL ’written on three lines. The legend ‘2007 PRESIDÊNCIA DO CONSELHO DA UE ’is inscribed in a semi-circle along the bottom of the inner part, with the artist signature (I Vilar) on the left and the mintmark (INCM) near the Coat of Arms. The outer ring of the coin depicts the twelve stars of the European flag.

[27]	Monaco	25th anniversary of the death of Grace Kelly	20,001 coins	1 July 2007
[27]	Description: On the inner part of the coin there is an effigy of Princess Grace in profile facing to the left. ‘MONACO’, followed by the mint mark, the year ‘2007’ and the engraver's mark, is engraved in an arc in the bottom right of the inner part. The name of the artist (R.B.BARON) is engraved under the Princess's hair. The coin's outer ring depicts the twelve stars of the European flag.

[28]	San Marino	200th birthday of Giuseppe Garibaldi	130,000 coins	9 October 2007
[28]	Description: The inner circle of the coin features a portrait of Giuseppe Garibaldi. The inscription ‘SAN MARINO’ and the year mark ‘2007’ are engraved along the circle on the left and right hand sides respectively. The mint mark ‘R’ and the initials of the author Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini ‘E.L.F.’ appear on the left hand side of the inner circle. The twelve stars of the European flag are depicted on the outer ring.

[29]	Finland	90th anniversary of Finland's independence	2 million coins	1 December 2007
[29]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows nine people rowing a boat with long oars. The year mark 2007 and the year 1917 appear on the top and the bottom of the design respectively. The mintmark appears on the left hand side, and the indication of the country ‘FI’ on the right hand side. The outer ring of the coin depicts the twelve stars of the European flag.

2007 commonly issued coin

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[30]	European Union	50th anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome.	87,652,666 coins	25 March – 2 April 2007
[30]	Description: The centre of the coin shows the Treaty signed by the six founding Member States on a background evoking the paving, designed by Michelangelo, of the Piazza del Campidoglio in Rome where the Treaty was signed on 25 March 1957. The translation of the word ‘Europe ’appears above the book. The translation of the words ‘Treaty of Rome 50 years ’is inscribed above the design. The year 2007 and the national name of the issuing country are inscribed under the design. The twelve stars of the European flag are depicted on the outer ring.
	Austria	50th anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome	9 million coins	25 March 2007
	Inscription: VERTRAG VON ROM 50 JAHRE, 2007, REPUBLIK ÖSTERREICH
	Finland	50th anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome	1.4 million coins	25 March 2007
	Inscription: ROOMAN SOPIMUS 50 V, EUROOPPA, 2007, SUOMI FINLAND
	Germany	50th anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome	30,865,630 coins	25 March 2007
	Inscription: RÖMISCHE VERTRÄGE 50 JAHRE, EUROPA, 2007, BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND
	Italy	50th anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome	5 million coins	25 March 2007
	Inscription: TRATTATI DI ROMA 50° ANNIVERSARIO, EUROPA, 2007, REPUBBLICA ITALIANA
	Slovenia	50th anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome	400,000 coins	25 March 2007
	Inscription: RIMSKA POGODBA 50 LET, EVROPA, 2007, SLOVENIJA
	Spain	50th anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome	8 million coins	25 March 2007
	Inscription: TRATADO DE ROMA 50 AÑOS, EUROPA, 2007, ESPAÑA
	Belgium	50th anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome	5,040,000 coins	26 March 2007
	Inscription: PACTVM ROMANVM QVINQVAGENARIVM, $\scriptstyle {\it {EUROP}}_{E}^{A}$ , 2007, BELGIQUE–BELGIE–BELGIEN Due to Belgium's special multilingual society, the Belgian coin features the inscription PACTVM ROMANVM QVINQVAGENARIVM in Latin.
	Greece	50th anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome	3,978,549 coins	26 March 2007
	Inscription: ΣΥΝΘΗΚΗ ΤΗΣ ΡΩΜΗΣ 50 XPONIA, EYPΩΠΗ, 2007, ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ
	Ireland	50th anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome	4,640,112 coins	26 March 2007
	Inscription: CONRADH NA RÓIMHE 50 BLIAIN, AN EORAIP, 2007, ÉIRE
	Luxembourg	50th anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome	2,046,000 coins	26 March 2007
	Inscription: TRAITÉ DE ROME 50 ANS, EUROPE, 2007, LËTZEBUERG Due to special laws requiring that every coin bear the incumbent Grand Duke's portrait, the Luxembourgish edition of the common €2 commemorative coin differs slightly from the others in addition to the translated inscriptions, since a latent image of the Grand Duke's portrait was added (as required by national law) using a technique called multi-view minting.^[9]
	Netherlands	50th anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome	6,355,500 coins	26 March 2022
	Inscription: VERDRAG VAN ROME 50 JAAR, EUROPA, 2007, KONINKRIJK DER NEDERLANDEN
	Portugal	50th anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome	1,520,000 coins	26 March 2007
	Inscription: TRATADO DE ROMA 50 ANOS, EUROPA, 2007, PORTUGAL
	France	50th anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome	9,406,857 coins	2 April 2007
	Inscription: TRAITÉ DE ROME 50 ANS, EUROPE, 2007, RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE

2008 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[31]	Germany	St. Michaelis Church (Hamburg) Third of the Bundesländer I series	30 million coins	1 February 2008
[31]	Description: The inner part of the coin features St Michael's church, Hamburg. The name of the federal State ‘HAMBURG’ is inscribed beneath the church. To the right of the church are the engraver's initial ‘O’ and above it towards the top centre the mintmark (‘A’, ‘D’, ‘F’, ‘G’ or ‘J’). The outer ring has the year of issue inscribed at the top, six stars on each side and below them the words ‘BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND’.

[32]	Luxembourg	Berg Castle	1,042,000 coins	2 February 2008
[32]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows, on the left-hand side in the foreground, the effigy of His Royal Highness the Grand-Duke Henri looking to the right and, on the right-hand side in the background, the picture of the ‘Château de Berg’. The date 2008, flanked by the mint mark and the mark of the engraving workshop, is inscribed on the top. The name of the issuing country ‘LËTZEBUERG’ appears at the bottom of the design. The outer ring of the coin depicts the twelve stars of the European flag.

[33]	Italy	60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights	5 million coins	April 2008
[33]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts a man and a woman with an olive branch, an ear of corn, a cogwheel and some barbed wire, symbols representing the right to peace, food, work and freedom respectively, along with the links of a chain broken to form the figure ‘60o’. In the centre of the coin are the initials of the issuing country ‘RI’; to the left the year 2008; to the right the initials ‘MCC’ of the artist Maria Carmela Colaneri and the mint mark ‘R’; at the bottom, a cartouche with the inscription ‘DIRITTI UMANI’. The outer ring of the coin depicts the twelve stars of the European flag.

[34]	San Marino	European Year of Intercultural Dialogue	130,000 coins	April 2008
[34]	Description: The inner part of the coin represents the different cultures of the five regions within the European continent, symbolised by five human silhouettes and the sacred texts of the different communities. Arched inscriptions complete the design: at the top, ‘SAN MARINO’, above the year ‘2008’; and at the bottom, ‘ANNO EUROPEO DEL DIALOGO INTERCULTURALE’ and the initials ‘E.L.F.’ of the artist, Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini; to the left, the mint mark ‘R’. The coin's outer ring contains the 12 stars of the European flag.

[35]	Belgium	60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights	5 million coins	April / May 2008
[35]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts curved lines around a rectangle marked with the figure 60. The year 2008 is inscribed above the rectangle and the words ‘UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS’ underneath it. The name of the country is inscribed in a semi-circle below the design in its three official languages. ‘BELGIE — BELGIQUE — BELGIEN’. The mintmark and the signature mark of the Master of the Mint appear to the left and right of the design respectively. The outer ring of the coin depicts the twelve stars of the European flag.

[36]	Slovenia	500th birthday of Primož Trubar	1 million coins	May 2008
[36]	Description: The inner part of the coin features an effigy of Primož Trubar in left profile. On the left, in two semi-circles, the inscriptions ‘PRIMOŽ TRUBAR’ and ‘1508-1586’. Towards the bottom on the right, in semi-circle, the inscription ‘SLOVENIJA 2008’. The coin's outer ring contains the 12 stars of the European flag.

[37]	France	French Presidency of the Council of the European Union	20 million coins	July 2008
[37]	Description: The inner part of the coin features the following inscription: ‘2008 PRÉSIDENCE FRANÇAISE UNION EUROPÉENNE RF’. The currency mark and the mintmaster's mark are located below, to the left and the right respectively. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[38]	Portugal	60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights	1,025,000 coins	15 September 2008
[38]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows the Portuguese coat of arms at the top, above the name of the issuing country (‘PORTUGAL’), the year mark ‘2008’ and a geometric design in the bottom half of the centre. The legend ‘60 ANOS DA DECLARAÇÃO UNIVERSAL DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS’ runs along the edge of the bottom two thirds of the inner ring and is followed by the inscription ‘Esc. J. Duarte INCM’ in very small characters. The outer ring of the coin shows the twelve stars of the European flag.

[39]	Vatican City	2008 – Year of Saint Paul the Apostle	100,000 coins	5 September 2008
[39]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts the conversion of Saint Paul on the road to Damascus (the city is visible in the background); the saint, dazzled by a light from the sky, falls from his rearing horse. Two inscriptions are engraved around the portrait: on the left hand side, an inscription denoting the issuing country ‘CITTÀ DEL VATICANO’; on the right hand side, the legend ‘ANNO SANCTO PAULO DICATO’. The year ‘2008’ is inscribed to the right of the portrait, as well as the mintmark ‘R’ and the artist's name ‘VEROI’. Beneath the portrait are the initials of the engraver Luciana De Simoni, ‘L.D.S. INC.’. The twelve stars of the European flag are depicted on the outer ring.

[40]	Finland	60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights	1.5 million coins	October 2008
[40]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows a human figure seen through a heart-shaped hole in a stone wall. The text ‘HUMAN RIGHTS’ is inscribed under the heart. The year mark ‘2008’ is engraved above the heart. The indication of the issuing country ‘FI’, the letter ‘K’ (initial of the artist Tapio Kettunen) and the mintmark appear at the bottom of the design. The outer ring of the coin shows the twelve stars of the European flag.

2009 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[41]	Luxembourg	90th anniversary of Grand Duchess Charlotte's Accession to the Throne	838,000 coins	1 January 2009
[41]	Description: The coin depicts, on the left-hand side of its inner part, the effigy of His Royal Highness, the Grand-Duke Henri superimposed on the effigy of the Grand-Duchess Charlotte, both looking to the left. The vertically aligned text ‘LËTZEBUERG’ and the year ‘2009’, flanked by the Mintmaster's mark and the mintmark, appear on the right-hand side of the inner part of the coin. The outer ring of the coin shows the twelve stars of the European flag.

[42]	Germany	Ludwigskirche in Saarbrücken (Saarland) Fourth of the Bundesländer I series	30 million coins	2 February 2009
[42]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts the Saint Louis church (Ludwigskirche) in Saarbrücken. The name of the federal State ‘SAARLAND’ and the mintmark, represented by one of the letters ‘A’, ‘D’, ‘F’, ‘G’ or ‘J’, appear under the monument. The initials ‘FB’ of the engraver Friedrich Brenner are displayed on the right of the monument. The lower part of the outer ring of the coin features the name of the issuing country ‘BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND’ and the upper part bears the year ‘2009’ and twelve stars.

[43]	San Marino	European Year of Creativity and Innovation	130,000 coins	May 2009
[43]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts objects representing scientific research: a book, a compass, a test tube and a flask. On the left are the three emblematic feathers of the Republic of San Marino. On the right are the year ‘2009’ and the mint mark ‘R’. Above is the legend ‘CREATIVITÀ INNOVAZIONE’. Below are the name of the issuing country ‘SAN MARINO’ and the artist’s initials ‘A.M.’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[44]	Portugal	2009 Lusophony Games	1,250,000 coins	9 June 2009
[44]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts a gymnast swirling a long ribbon. At the top, the Portuguese coat of arms appears within a semi-circle formed by the name of the issuing country ‘PORTUGAL’. In a semi-circle at the bottom the legend ‘2.os JOGOS DA LUSOFONIA LISBOA’ is inscribed between the initials ‘INCM’ on the left and the artist's name ‘J. AURÉLIO’ on the right. The year ‘2009’ appears above the gymnast's head, to the left. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag, on a background of concentric circular lines.

[45]	Belgium	200th birthday of Louis Braille	5 million coins	25 September 2009
[45]	Description: The inner part of the coin features a portrait of Louis Braille between his initials, L and B, in the alphabet that he designed. Above the portrait is the legend ‘LOUIS BRAILLE’, and underneath is the issuing country reference, ‘BE’, between the dates 1809 and 2009. To the left and right respectively are the mint mark and the signature mark of the Master of the Mint. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[46]	Italy	200th birthday of Louis Braille	2 million coins	15 October 2009
[46]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts a hand reading an open book by touch. Above the index finger, which is pointing at the vertical inscription ‘LOUIS BRAILLE 1809-2009’, are two birds symbolising freedom of knowledge. The issuing country reference, ‘RI’, is at the top right, while the mint mark ‘R’ is at the bottom right. Braille’s name is written under the book in the alphabet that he invented. At the very bottom are the initials ‘MCC’ of the artist Maria Carmela Colanéri. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[47]	Slovakia	20th anniversary of the Start of the Velvet Revolution	1 million coins	November 2009
[47]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts a stylised bell made up of a series of keys. This recalls the demonstration on 17 November 1989, when marching citizens shook their bunches of keys to make a jangling sound. This marked the beginning of the Velvet Revolution. To the bottom right of the design are the artist’s mark and the mint mark of the Slovak Mint (Mincovňa Kremnica). The design is surrounded above by the legend ‘17. NOVEMBER SLOBODA — DEMOKRACIA’ and the dates ‘1989-2009’ and below by the name of the issuing country, ‘SLOVENSKO’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[48]	Vatican City	International Year of Astronomy	106,084 coins	October 2009
[48]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts an allegory of the birth of the stars and planets together with several astronomical instruments. The mint mark ‘R’ is situated in the bottom left quadrant and the year ‘2009’ is at the bottom. The design is surrounded on the bottom left-hand side by the legend ‘ANNO INTERNAZIONALE DELL’ASTRONOMIA’ and on the top right-hand side by the name of the issuing country, ‘CITTÀ DEL VATICANO’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[49]	Finland	200th anniversary of Finnish Autonomy	1.6 million coins	October 2009
[49]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts the profile of the Porvoo Cathedral, which was the site of opening of the first Diet of Finland. The date 1809 appears on the top. The year mark 2009 is on the right hand side. The indication of the issuing country ‘FI’ and the mintmark are on the left hand side. The coin’s outer ring depicts the twelve stars of the European flag.

2009 commonly issued coin

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[50]	European Union	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	78,675,215 coins	1 January – 26 March 2009
[50]	Description: The centre of the coin shows a stylised human figure whose left arm is prolonged by the euro symbol. The initials ΓΣ of the artist appear below the euro symbol. The name(s) of the issuing country in the national language(s) appear(s) at the top, while the indication 1999-2009 and the acronym EMU translated into the national language(s) appear at the bottom. The outer ring depicts the twelve stars of the European flag.
	Ireland	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	5 million coins	1 January 2009
	Inscription: ÉIRE, AEA (Aontas Eacnamaíochta Airgeadaíochta) 1999-2009 EMU
	Austria	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	5 million coins	2 January 2009
	Inscription: REPUBLIK ÖSTERREICH, WWU (Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion) 1999-2009
	Germany	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	30,565,630 coins	2 January 2009
	Inscription: BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND, WWU (Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion) 1999-2009
	Greece	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	4 million coins	2 January 2009
	Inscription: ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ, ONE (Οικονομική και Νομισματική Ένωση) 1999-2009
	Cyprus	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	1 million coins	5 January 2009
	Inscription: KYΠPOΣ KIBRIS, ONE (Οικονομική και Νομισματική Ένωση) 1999-2009
	Malta	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	700,000 coins	5 January 2009
	Inscription: MALTA, UEM (Unjoni Ekonomika u Monetarja) 1999-2009
	Portugal	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	1,285,000 coins	5 January 2009
	Inscription: PORTUGAL, UEM (União Económica e Monetária) 1999-2009
	Slovenia	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	1 million coins	5 January 2009
	Inscription: SLOVENIJA, EMU (Ekonomska in monetarna unija) 1999-2009
	Netherlands	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	5,313,500 coins	7 January 2009
	Inscription: NEDERLAND, EMU (economische en monetaire unie) 1999-2009
	Slovakia	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	2.5 million coins	7 January 2009
	Inscription: SLOVENSKO, HMÚ (Hospodárska a menová únia) 1999-2009
	Finland	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	1.4 million coins	15 January 2009
	Inscription: SUOMI FINLAND, 2009, EMU 1999-2009 Coin edge inscription: TALOUS – JA RAHALIITTO EMU^[10]
	Luxembourg	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	825,000 coins	15 January 2009
	Inscription: LËTZEBUERG, UEM (l'Union économique et monétaire) 1999-2009 Due to special laws requiring that every coin bear the incumbent Grand Duke's portrait, the Luxembourgish edition of the common €2 commemorative coin differs slightly from the others in addition to the translated inscriptions, since two latent image of the Grand Duke's portrait were added (as required by national law). The method used (multi-view-minting) was even more sophisticated than the one used in 2007, as portraits of the Grand Duke from the left and the right could be seen, depending on which way one tilted the coin.^[11]
	France	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	10,074,085 coins	23 January 2009
	Inscription: RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE, UEM (l'Union économique et monétaire) 1999-2009
	Belgium	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	5,012,000 coins	27 January 2009
	Inscription: BELGIE–BELGIQUE–BELGIEN, EMU 1999-2009
	Spain	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	8 million coins	2 February 2009
	Inscription: ESPAÑA, UEM (Unión Económica y Monetaria) 1999-2009
	Italy	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	2 million coins	26 March 2009
	Inscription: REPUBBLICA ITALIANA, UEM (l'unione economica e monetaria) 1999-2009

2010 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[51]	Luxembourg	Arms of the Grand Duke	529,500 coins	14 January 2010
[51]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts, on the left, a portrait of Grand Duke Henri facing towards the right, and on the right, the Coat of Arms of the Grand Duke, above which the year mark is shown between mint marks, overlapping slightly into the outer ring. Below, the name of the issuing country LËTZEBUERG overlaps slightly into the outer ring. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[12]

[52]	Germany	City Hall and Roland (Bremen) Fifth of the Bundesländer I series	30 million coins	29 January 2010
[52]	Description: The inner part of the coin features the Bremen City Hall, with the Roland (a statue) in the foreground. The word BREMEN is inscribed below the town hall on the right. The mint mark appears at the top left. The initials of the artist Bodo Broschat are at the very bottom, just below the statue. The initial of the issuing country D and the year mark are inserted at the top and bottom of the outer ring of the coin respectively, where the twelve stars of the European Union surround the design.^[13]

[53]	Spain	Historic Centre of Córdoba First of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites series	4 million coins	February 2010
[53]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts the interior of the Mosque-Cathedral of Córdoba. On the left is the mint mark, and below is the name of the issuing country followed by the year mark ESPAÑA 2010. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[14]

[54]	Slovenia	200th anniversary of the Botanical Garden of Ljubljana	1 million coins	10 May 2010
[54]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts the Rebrinčevolistna Hladnikija plant. On the left under the plant, its scientific name HLADNIKIA PASTINACIFOLIA is written in an arc. Around the image in a circle is the legend SLOVENIJA 2010. 200 LET. BOTANIČNI VRT. LJUBLJANA. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[15]

[55]	Italy	200th birthday of Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour	4 million coins	March 2010
[55]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows a detail of the portrait of the Italian statesman in the centre, the inscriptions CAVOUR and RI on the left, and the mint mark, the dates 1810 and 2010 and the initials of the artist Claudia Momoni (C.M.) on the right. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[16]

[56]	Belgium	Belgian Presidency of the Council of the European Union	5 million coins	June 2010
[56]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows the stylised letters EU and trio.be. Above the letters is the inscription BELGIAN PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF THE EU 2010 and below it the trilingual inscription BELGIE BELGIQUE BELGIEN. Underneath the logo, the mint mark is displayed to the left of the year mark, and the mint master's mark to the right. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[17]

[57]	France	Appeal of 18 June	20 million coins	June 2010
[57]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows General Charles de Gaulle, in uniform and bareheaded, at a microphone typical of the time, reading the Appeal, in which the name of the country RF is inserted. At the top is the year mark and below it the inscriptions 70 ANS and APPEL 18 JUIN. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[18]

[58]	Portugal	Centenary of the Portuguese Republic	2.035 million coins	September 2010
[58]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows in the centre the Portuguese coat of arms and the República effigy, two of the most representative symbols of the Portuguese Republic, surrounded by the legend República Portuguesa – 1910–2010, the mint mark and the name of the designer JOSE CÂNDIDO. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[19]

[59]	San Marino	500th anniversary of the death of Sandro Botticelli	130,000 coins	7 September 2010
[59]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts "Pleasure", a detail of one of the three dancing Graces, freely inspired by the painting Primavera by Sandro Botticelli. On the top is the year mark, on the left the name of the issuing country SAN MARINO and the mint mark and on the right the initial m of the designer Roberto Mauri. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[20]

[60]	Vatican City	Year for Priests	115,000 coins	12 October 2010
[60]	Description: The inner part of the coin features a shepherd drawing a lamb from a lion's maw. Two inscriptions are engraved around the design: the name of the issuing country CITTA' DEL VATICANO on the top and the topic of commemoration ANNO SACERDOTALE below it. The year mark is displayed to the left of the design, the mint mark at the bottom and the artist's name VEROI to the right. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[21]

[61]	Finland	Currency Decree of 1860 granting Finland the right to issue banknotes and coins	1.6 million coins	October 2010
[61]	Description: The design consists on the left side of a stylised lion figure from the coat of arms of Finland and the year mark, and on the right side of the mint mark and a set of numbers symbolising coin values. At the bottom the issuing country is indicated by the inscription FI. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[22]

[62]	Greece	25th Centenary of the Battle of Marathon	2.5 million coins	October 2010
[62]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows a synthesis of a shield and a runner/warrior symbolizing the battle for freedom and the noble ideals derived from the battle of Marathon. The bird on the shield symbolises the birth of western civilization in its present form. Surrounding the centre is the Greek inscription ΜΑΡΑΘΩΝΑΣ/2500 ΧΡΟΝΙΑ/490 Π.Χ./2010 Μ.Χ. (Marathon/2,500 years/490 BC/2010 AD) and the name of the issuing country (ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ). The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[23]

2011 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[63]	Slovakia	20th anniversary of Foundation of the Visegrád Group	1 million coins^[24]	10 January 2011
[63]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts a map of the four countries that compose the Visegrád Group (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia). The map is supplemented by a stylized abbreviation V IV; the name of the issuing country SLOVENSKO is situated in the lower right part, and the year mark in the lower left part. The design is surrounded by the legend VYŠEHRADSKÁ SKUPINA • VISEGRAD GROUP and the date of the foundation of the Viségrad Group 15 February 1991. The initials of the coin's designer Miroslav Rónai and the mint mark appear under the name of the country. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[25]

[64]	Netherlands	500th anniversary of the Publication of The Praise of Folly by Desiderius Erasmus	4 million coins	24 January 2011
[64]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts Erasmus writing his book and the effigy of Beatrix of the Netherlands. Between these two images, the inscription Beatrix Koningin der Nederlanden (vertically written), the year mark, the mint master mark and the mintmark appear. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[26]

[65]	Germany	Cologne Cathedral (North Rhine-Westphalia) Sixth of the Bundesländer I series	30 million coins	28 January 2011
[65]	Description: The design shows the Cologne cathedral in its entirety, as a masterpiece of the Gothic architecture, emphasizing the beauty of the south portal. The name NORDRHEIN-WESTFALEN, just below the building, links the pictured building with the state. The mint mark is located in the right upper part of the centre, with the artist Heinz Hoyer's initials in the right part of the centre. The year mark and the letter D (for Deutschland) are placed between the stars in the outer part of the coin, at the bottom and top, respectively. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin^[27]

[66]	Luxembourg	50th anniversary of the Appointment of Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg by his mother Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg as lieutenant-représentent	729,500 coins	3 February 2011
[66]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg on the right-hand side looking to the left, and superimposed on the effigies of Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg and Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg. The text LËTZEBUERG is written above the three effigies. The year mark 2011, surrounded by the mint mark and the mintmaster mark, appears at the top. The name of the person depicted is written below the respective effigy. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[28]

[67]	Spain	Patio de los Leones of the Alhambra, Generalife and Albayzín, Granada Second of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites series	4 million coins	March 2011
[67]	Description: The design shows an image of the Patio de los Leones in the Alhambra in Granada. At the bottom of the coin is the inscription ESPAÑA and the year mark, with the mint mark at the top. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[29]

[68]	Slovenia	100th birthday of Franc Rozman – Stane	1 million coins	March 2011
[68]	Description: The design shows on the left side the image of Franc Rozman – Stane with a five-pointed star below him. The inscription SLOVENIJA separates the upper and lower parts of the right-hand side of the coin; the year mark is written vertically below the inscription, and the inscriptions FRANC, ROZMAN, STANE (vertically) and 1911, 1944 (horizontally) appear above the inscription. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[30]

[69]	Belgium	1st Centenary of the International Women's Day	5 million coins	March 2011
[69]	Description: The coin displays the effigies of Isala Van Diest, the first female Belgian doctor, and Marie Popelin, the first female Belgian lawyer. Their names (I. VAN DIEST and M. POPELIN) are written under the effigies, separated by the year mark, and above the inscriptions are the symbols of their respective professions (the Rod of Asclepius and the Scales of Justice). Above the effigies are the inscription BE, the mint master mark and the mint mark. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[31]

[70]	Italy	150th anniversary of Italian unification	10 million coins	March 2011
[70]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows three Italian flags in the wind, representing the three anniversaries (1911, 1961 and 2011) and illustrating a link between generations; this is the logo of the 150th anniversary of Italian unification. There are a number of inscriptions: at the top, the inscription 150º DELL'UNITÀ D'ITALIA; at the right, the initials RI; at the bottom, the dates 1861 › 2011 › ›; under the dates, at the centre, the mint mark, and at the right, the initials of the artist Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini and his profession (incisore), ELF INC.. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[32]

[71]	France	30th anniversary of Fête de la Musique	10,014,404 coins	21 June 2011
[71]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts a cheerful crowd (with the stylized image of a musical instrument and notes floating in the air) symbolizing the atmosphere of celebration on the Day of Music, which has been celebrated in France every summer solstice since 1981. The words Fête de la MUSIQUE and the date 21 JUIN 2011 appear in the centre of the drawing. At the top, slanting rightwards, are the words 30^e ANNIVERSAIRE and the letters RF appear at the bottom. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[33]

[72]	Greece	2011 Special Olympics World Summer Games	1 million coins	June 2011
[72]	Description: The centre of the coin shows the symbol of the Games, a radiant sun, the "source of life that underlines the excellence and power of the athlete that takes part in the Games". "Excellence" is depicted in the olive branch, and "power" in the spiral form in the centre of the sun. Two inscriptions surround the centre on the right half, XIII SPECIAL OLYMPICS W.S.G. ATHENS 2011 and ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ, with the mint mark in between. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[34]

[73]	San Marino	500th birthday of Giorgio Vasari	130,000 coins	June 2011
[73]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows a detail from the painting Judith and Holofernes by Giorgio Vasari. At the bottom are the dates 1511–2011, with the inscription G. Vasari and the mint mark on the left and the inscriptions San Marino and C.M. (the mint maker Claudia Momoni's initials) on the right. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[35]

[74]	Monaco	Wedding of Prince Albert and Charlene Wittstock	147,877 coins	2 July 2011
[74]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows the effigies of Prince Albert and Charlene Wittstock in the centre; the inscription MONACO and the yearmark are at the bottom, with the mint mark and the mint engraver's mark flanking the inscription. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[36]

[75]	Portugal	500th birthday of Fernão Mendes Pinto	520,000 coins	15 September 2011
[75]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows a sailing ship on several wave-shaped inscriptions referring to Portugal, Lisbon, his book Peregrinação and some of his travel destinations. The inscription Portugal appears underneath, and his name above. The years 1511 and 2011 appear are to the left and right of the central image, respectively. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[37]

[76]	Finland	200th anniversary of the Bank of Finland	1.5 million coins	October 2011
[76]	Description: The centre of the coin shows a whooper swan (the Finnish national bird). The swan's wing separates the years 1811 (at the bottom right) and 2011 (at the centre left). The letter V in the left armpit of the swan stands for the surname of the designer Hannu Veijalainen. At the bottom of the inner ring, the inscription FI and the mint mark are shown. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[38]

[77]	Malta	First election of representatives in 1849 First of the Maltese constitutional history series	430,000 coins	October 2011
[77]	Description: The centre of the coin depicts a hand putting a vote into a ballot box. There are two inscriptions: the year mark at the bottom of the inner part of the coin, and at the top and right the inscription MALTA – First elected representatives 1849. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[39]

[78]	Vatican City	26th World Youth Day	115,000 coins	October 2011
[78]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows three young people and two flags, as well as the mint mark and the year mark. At the top of the inner ring, interrupted by a crown and the flags, is the inscription XXVI G. M. G. (for the Italian 26ª Giornata Mondiale della Gioventù). At the bottom of the inner ring is the inscription CITTÀ DEL VATICANO. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[40]

2012 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[79]	Germany	Neuschwanstein Castle near Füssen (Bavaria) Seventh of the Bundesländer I series	30 million coins	3 February 2012^[41]
[79]	Description: The design by Erich Ott and shows the most famous view of Neuschwanstein Castle. The design shows the view from the east as visitors see it during their ascent to the castle, with the gatehouse in the foreground and the medieval-style towers and turrets. The panoramic mountain situated behind the castle are also depicted, as the castle sits on a cliff overlooking the Pöllatschlucht. The inscription BAYERN appears below the design. The mint mark is to the right, the initials of the artist on the left side. The year mark appears between the 3 lowest stars on the outer ring. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[42]

[80]	Luxembourg	100 years since the death of William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg^[43]	722,500 coins^[41]	9 February 2012
[80]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts Grand Duke Henri (looking to the right) on the left side, superimposed on Grand Duke William IV, looking to the right. The inscription GRANDS-DUCS DE LUXEMBOURG and the year mark appear above the effigies, flanked by the mintmark and the initials of the mint master. In front of the effigies, the outline of the city of Luxembourg appears as a background. The names HENRI and GUILLAUME IV and the text † 1912 are written below the respective effigies. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[44]

[81]	Spain	Burgos Cathedral Third of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites series	8 million coins	1 March 2012
[81]	Description: The inner part of the coin portrays a view of the Burgos Cathedral. The name of the issuing country ESPAÑA appears at the upper left hand side, while the year mark and the mint mark appear on the right hand side. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[45]

[82]	Belgium	75th anniversary of the Queen Elisabeth Music Competition^[41]	5 million coins	6 June 2012
[82]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts the emblem of the Queen Elisabeth Competition superimposed on the effigy of Queen Elisabeth, looking to the left, flanked on the left and right respectively by the mark of the mint master and the mark of the Brussels mint, a helmeted profile of the Archangel Michael. The years 1937–2012 are inscribed above the effigy, and the words 'QUEEN ELISABETH COMPETITION' below it. The nationality 'BE' is indicated to the right of the portrait of the Queen. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[46]

[83]	San Marino	10th anniversary of euro coins and banknotes^[41]	130,000 coins	19 June 2012
[83]	Description: The euro sign is in the centre of the coin. The design elements around the euro symbol on the coin express the importance of the euro to the people, to the financial world (ECB tower), to trading (ships), to industry (factories), to the energy sector and to research and development (wind power stations). The artist's initials AH appear under the image of the ECB tower. The name of the issuing country SAN MARINO appears at the top, the mint mark at the right, while the years 2002 and 2012 appear at the bottom. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[47] Note: Although the design is the same as the 2012 common issue, the coin is issued as national coinage since common side issues are restricted to EU member states.^[1]

[84]	Portugal	Guimarães, European Capital of Culture 2012^[41]	520,000 coins	21 June 2012
[84]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts a stylised image of Afonso Henriques, the first King of Portugal, together with his sword and the Castle of Guimarães, which is regarded as the birthplace of Portugal as an independent nation in the 12th century. To the left of the image is the Portuguese shield above the word "PORTUGAL". To the lower right is the inscription "GUIMARÃES 2012" with the logo of Guimarães 2012 European Capital of Culture. Along the lower edge of the inner part are the mintmark "INCM" and the name of the designer, "JOSÉ DE GUIMARÃES". The outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European flag.^[48]

[85]	France	100th birthday of Abbé Pierre^[41]	1 million coins	24 June 2012
[85]	Description: The coin depicts a portrait of Abbé Pierre, with his béret and the logo of his foundation, including a microtext stating Et les autres? (his favorite motto to recall that one should never forget to help the others). The letters RF and the mint mark appear on the left side, while the hallmark of the engraving workshop is on the right side. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[49]

[86]	Monaco	500th anniversary of the foundation of Monaco's sovereignty	110,000 coins	1 July 2012
[86]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows a portrait of LUCIEN 1er Grimaldi in profile facing to the left. The words "SOUVERAINETE DE MONACO" appear above the portrait in an arc along the upper edge of the inner part of the coin, flanked by the years "1512" and "2012". Two ornamental details are engraved at the beginning and at the end of the text. At the bottom, the horn of plenty, mintmark of the "Monnaie de Paris" and the "fleurette", hallmark of the engraving workshop, flank the portrait on the left hand side and the right hand side, respectively. Above the mintmark is engraved the inscription "LUCIEN Ier". The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[50]

[87]	Italy	100 years since the death of Giovanni Pascoli^[41]	15 million coins	18 July 2012
[87]	Description: In the centre of the coin the effigy of Giovanni Pascoli is depicted. Under his effigy there is the inscription G. PASCOLI. On the right part of the coin there is the yearmark (2012) and under of it the Italian monogramm (RI). On the left part of the coin the year when Pascoli died is minted (1912) and under of it there is the mint mark and the designer's mark. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.

[88]	Malta	Majority Representation in 1887 Second of the Maltese constitutional history series^[41]	455,000 coins	20 August 2012
[88]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts eight men in front of the Maltese Parliament, in Valletta. On the upper part of the coin the legend MALTA – Majority Representation 1887 is inscribed.On the lower part of the coins the year of the coinage(2012) is minted. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[51]

[89]	Finland^[52]	150 years Helene Schjerfbeck	2 million coins	5 October 2012
[89]	Description: The design shows a stylised self-portrait of the artist with the text Helene SCHJERFBECK on the left and the yearmarks 1862–1946 on the right. Left on the lower side of the coin are the yearmark 2012 and the country's reference FI. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[53]

[90]	Vatican City	7th World Meeting of Families^[41]	115,000 coins	16 October 2012
[90]	Description: The inner ring features a family with the Cathedral of Milan. The inscription 'VII INCONTRO MONDIALE DELLE FAMIGLIE' surrounds the design, forming a semi-circle which is complemented at the upper right side by the name of the issuing state 'CITTÁ DEL VATICANO'. The year 2012 appears on the right side and the name of the artist 'G. TITOTTO' followed by the indication of the engraver 'LDS Inc' is displayed on the left side. The mintmark 'R' appears at the bottom of the design, between the mother and the child.^[54]

[91]	Luxembourg	Royal Wedding of Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg to Countess Stéphanie de Lannoy	512,000 coins	19 December 2012^[55]
[91]	Description: The coin depicts on the left hand of its inner part the effigy of the Grand-Duke Henri, and the right hand of its inner part the effigy of the Heir Grand-Duke Guillaume superimposed on the effigy of the Countess Stéphanie. The texts "PRËNZENHOCHZAÏT" and "LËTZEBUERG" and the year-date "2012", flanked by the mintmark and the initials of the Mint master, appear at the bottom of the inner part of the coin. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[56]

2012 commonly issued coin

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[92]	European Union	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	89,795,361 coins	2 January – 30 March 2012
[92]	Description:^[57] The euro sign in the centre of the coin's design symbolizes that the euro has become an element of particular importance in Europe as well as all over the world as it evolved into a global player in the international monetary system in the last ten years. The design elements around the euro sign express the importance of the euro to the people, to the financial world (ECB tower), to trading (ships), to industry (factories), to the energy sector and research and development (wind power stations). The design was created by Helmut Andexlinger (designer at the Austrian Mint). The artist's initials AH appear below the image of the ECB tower. The name(s) of the issuing country in the national language(s) appear(s) at the top (with the exception for Belgium, where it states "BE"), while the years 2002 and 2012 appear at the bottom. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[58]
	Austria	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	11 million coins	2 January 2012
	Inscription: REPUBLIK ÖSTERREICH, 2002, 2012
	Estonia	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	2 million coins	2 January 2012
	Inscription: EESTI, 2002, 2012
	Germany	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	30,725,000 coins	2 January 2012
	Inscription: BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND, 2002, 2012
	Greece	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	1 million coins	2 January 2012
	Inscription: ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ, 2002, 2012
	Slovakia	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	1 million coins	2 January 2012
	Inscription: SLOVENSKO, 2002, 2012
	Spain	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	4 million coins	2 January 2012
	Inscription: ESPAÑA, 2002, 2012
	Ireland	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	1,354,867 coins	3 January 2012
	Inscription: ÉIRE, 2002, 2012
	Slovenia	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	1 million coins	3 January 2012
	Inscription: SLOVENIJA, 2002, 2012
	France	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	10,010,994 coins	5 January 2012
	Inscription: RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE, 2002, 2012
	Finland	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	1,500,000 coins	12 January 2012
	Inscription: SUOMI FINLAND, 2002, 2012
	Belgium	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	5,022,000 coins	30 January 2012
	Inscription: BE, 2002, 2012
	Luxembourg	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	532,500 coins	31 January 2012
	Inscription: LËTZEBUERG, 2002, 2012 As with the previous common commemorative coins, an obligatory latent image of Grand Duke Henri was added to the Luxembourgish edition. The portrait is located in the same space as the euro sign and the surrounding globe.
	Cyprus	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	1 million coins	13 February 2012
	Inscription: ΚΥΠΡΟΣ KIBRIS, 2002, 2012
	Netherlands	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	3,500,000 coins	13 February 2012
	Inscription: NEDERLAND, 2002, 2012
	Portugal	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	520,000 coins	24 February 2012^[59]
	Inscription: PORTUGAL, 2002, 2012
	Italy	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	15 million coins	20 March 2012
	Inscription: REPUBLICA ITALIANA, 2002, 2012
	Malta	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	500,000 coins	30 March 2012
	Inscription: MALTA, 2002, 2012

2013 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[93]	Germany	50th anniversary of the signing of the Élysée Treaty Joint issue with France	11 million coins	22 January 2013
[93]	Description:^[60] The coin, which was designed by Yves Sampo of the Monnaie de Paris, Stefanie Lindner of the Berlin State Mint, Alina Hoyer (Berlin) and Sneschana Russewa-Hoyer (Berlin), depicts stylised portraits of the Élysée Treaty's signatories (the then-Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany Konrad Adenauer and the former President of the French Republic Charles de Gaulle), their signatures and the words "50 ANS JAHRE" with the year "2013" in the centre, the words "TRAITÉ DE L'ÉLYSÉE" at the top and the words "ÉLYSÉE-VERTRAG" at the bottom. The right side of the inner part also features the mint mark of the respective mint ("A", "D", "F", "G" or "J") as well as the issuing country's code "D".^[56]

[94]	France	50th anniversary of the signing of the Élysée Treaty Joint issue with Germany	10,017,789 coins	22 January 2013
[94]	Description: The coin, which was designed by Yves Sampo of the Monnaie de Paris, Stefanie Lindner of the Berlin State Mint, Alina Hoyer (Berlin) and Sneschana Russewa-Hoyer (Berlin), depicts stylised portraits of the Élysée Treaty's signatories (the then-Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany Konrad Adenauer and the former President of the French Republic Charles de Gaulle), their signatures and the words '50 ANS JAHRE' with the year '2013' in the centre, the words 'TRAITÉ DE L'ÉLYSÉE' at the top and the words 'ÉLYSÉE-VERTRAG' at the bottom. The right side of the inner part features the mint mark as well as the issuing country's code 'RF' and the left side features the 'fleurette', hallmark of the engraving workshop.^[61]

[95]	Germany	Maulbronn Abbey in Baden-Württemberg. Eighth of the Bundesländer I series	30 million coins	1 February 2013
[95]	Description: Maulbronn Monastery, founded 1147 by Cistercians, is the best-preserved medieval monastery complex in Europe. The coin, which was designed by Eugen Ruhl, presents the interior of the fountain house or lavatorium, besides the western facade of the convent church with its atrium, named paradise. Since 1993 the monastery is part of the Unesco World Heritage.

[96]	Slovenia	800 years since the discovery of the Postojna Cave^[62]	1 million coins	4 February 2013
[96]	Description: The central image of the coin is a stylised spiral, which at the left side of the coin begins with inscription 'POSTOJNSKA JAMA • 1213–2013 • SLOVENIJA' and ends with two stylised speleothems.^[63]

[97]	Netherlands	The announcement of the abdication of the throne by Queen Beatrix	20 million coins	7 February 2013
[97]	Description: The design depicts on the foreground the effigy of Queen Beatrix and on the background, partly covered by the effigy of the Queen, the effigy of the Prince of Orange. The circumscription around both effigies reads: WILLEM-ALEXANDER PRINS VAN ORANJE (crown symbol) BEATRIX KONINGIN DER NEDERLANDEN (mint mark) 28 januari 2013 (mint master mark). The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[64]

[98]	Spain	Monastery and Site of the Escorial, Madrid Fourth of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites series	8 million coins	2 March 2013
[98]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts a view of the San Lorenzo del Escorial Monastery. On the upper side, in circular sense and with capital letters, the name of the issuing country 'ESPAÑA'. At the right hand side, the year of issuance '2013' and the mint mark. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[65]

[99]	Italy	200 years since the birth of Giuseppe Verdi	10 million coins	20 May 2013
[99]	Description: The design shows the bust of Giuseppe VERDI in three quarter view facing left; on the left, superimposed letters of the Italian Republic monogram 'RI'/1813; on the right, R (monogram of the Mint of Rome)/2013; in exergue, MCC (monogram of the Author Maria Carmela COLANERI)/G. VERDI. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[66]

[100]	France	150th anniversary of the birth of Pierre de Coubertin	1,014,338 coins	3 June 2013
[100]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts the face of Pierre de Coubertin still young. Stylised Olympic rings form the background. They provide the framework for silhouettes symbolising the Olympic sports. At the left, the indication of the issuing country 'RF' and the year '2013'. At the top, the inscription 'PIERRE DE COUBERTIN' in semi-circle. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[67]

[101]	Vatican City	Sede vacante	125,000 coins	3 June 2013
[101]	Description: The design features the coat of arms of the Cardinal Camerlengo and above it the symbol of the Apostolic Camera, two small crosses, the words 'CITTÀ DEL VATICANO' at the left and 'SEDE VACANTE MMXIII' at the right. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[68]

[102]	Monaco	20th anniversary of its accession to the ONU on 28 May 1993	1,249,131 coins	17 June 2013
[102]	Description: The coin depicts a dove with an olive branch, with in the middle of the arc, on the left side the cornucopia, and on the right side the punch, as the workshop Paris Mint mark. At the top, in semi-circle, the indication of the issuing country 'MONACO' and at the bottom, in semi-circle, the inscription '1993 ADMISSION À L'ONU 2013'. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[69]

[103]	Portugal	250th anniversary of the Clérigos Tower, Porto	525,000 coins	20 June 2013
[103]	Description: The Baroque church of the clergy was built between 1732 and 1750, its monumental tower from 1754 to 1763, by the Italian architect Nicolau Nasoni. The 75,6 metres high tower is dominating the city and became its symbol. The coin, designed by Hugo Maciel, also presents the Dom Luis Bridge across the Douro. Opened in 1886, it is also part of Porto's Historic Center and, since 1996, UNESCO World Heritage site.

[104]	Malta	Establishment of Self-Government in 1921 Third of the Maltese constitutional history series	542,500 coins	24 June 2013
[104]	Description: The designs shows a map of the Maltese islands and a representation of the population. At the bottom of the design, the year '2013'. At the top, in semi-circle, the words 'MALTA – Self-government 1921'. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[70]

[105]	Slovakia	1150 years from the Byzantine Advent of advent of the Mission of Constantine and Methodius to the Great Moravia.	1 million coins	5 July 2013
[105]	Description: The design depicts the Thessalonian brothers Constantine and Methodius along with the symbolic double cross stood on three hills. The cross is at the same time held as a Bishop's crozier, thereby linking together symbols of statehood and Christianity and emphasising the significance of the brothers' mission, which helped ensure the full sovereignty and legitimacy of Great Moravia – the first Slav state in central Europe. The figure of Constantine is holding a book representing education and faith, while Methodius is shown with a church symbolising faith and institutional Christianity. Along the lower edge of the inner part of the coin is the name of the issuing country 'SLOVENSKO', the year '863' and the year '2013', with a dividing mark between each. Along the upper edge of the inner part are the names 'KONŠTANTÍN' and 'METOD'. To the left of the brothers are the stylised letters 'mh', the initials of the coin's designer Miroslav Hric, and to the right is the mint mark of the Kremnica Mint, consisting of the letters 'MK' placed between two dies. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[71]

[106]	Italy	700th birthday of Giovanni Boccaccio	10 million coins	25 July 2013
[106]	Description: The design shows the head of Giovanni BOCCACCIO in three quarter view facing right, drawn from the fresco by Andrea del Castagno, around 1450 c. (Florence, Galleria degli Uffizi); around, on the bottom, BOCCACCIO 1313 2013; on the right, superimposed letters R (monogram of the Mint of Rome)/RI(monogram of Italian Republic)/m (monogram of the Author Mauri). The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[72]

[107]	Finland	150th anniversary of the Parliament of 1863 when regular parliament sessions started in Finland	1 million coins	4 September 2013
[107]	Description: The 2-euro commemorative coin is depicted with the year 1863 and a shoot growing out of it symbolising the start of democracy and Finland's development. In semicircle, at the bottom, the name of the issuing country 'SUOMI FINLAND' with the two words separated by the mint mark, and the year '2013'. The Diet of 1863 is the start of period of illumination. In Finland, the year 1863 marked a start for genuine democracy, transparent press operations and the right to use the Finnish language. With the beginning of regular meetings of the Diet, the opportunities of Finns to influence affairs in their own country improved in an unprecedented way. The year marked the beginning of a period of illumination for Finnish democracy. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[73]

[108]	San Marino	500th anniversary of the death of Pinturicchio	115 000 coins	13 September 2013
[108]	Description: In the foreground, the fresco 'Christ among the doctors'; in the lower part, the inscription 'SAN MARINO' in semi-circle; to the left, the letter 'R', which is the Italian mint mark; below the fresco, the name of the author 'MOMONI'; above the fresco, the inscription 'PINTURICCHIO' in semi-circle with the years '1513' and '2013' below it. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[74]

[109]	Belgium	100 years of Royal Meteorological Institute	2,010,000 coins	18 September 2013
[109]	Description: The obverse of the coin displays in its centre the number 100 with the first zero encircling the abbreviations 'KMI' and 'IRM' and the second zero representing a sun. Isobars, raindrops and snowflakes are depicted to the left of the sun. The year '2013' is displayed in the upper rays of the sun and the nationality 'BE' is indicated in the lower rays. The mark of the mint master and the mark of the Brussels mint, a helmeted profile of the Archangel Michael, are displayed under the '1' of the number '100'. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[75]

[110]	Greece	2400th anniversary of the Founding of the Platonic Academy	754,000 coins	1 October 2013
[110]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows the profile of Plato, the founder of the Platonic Academy. On the left side of the coin is depicted the Greek inscription 2400 ΧΡΟΝΙΑ ΑΠΟ ΤΗΝ ΙΔΡΥΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΑΚΑΔΗΜΙΑΣ ΠΛΑΤΩΝΟΣ (2400 years since the founding of the Platonic Academy) and the name of the issuing country (ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ) in ancient Greek font. The mint mark and the year mark 2013 are to the right. On the bottom is the monogram ΣΤΑΜ of the author G. Stamatopoulos. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[76]

[111]	Greece	100th anniversary of the Union of Crete with Greece	754,000 coins	1 October 2013
[111]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts Cretan rebels raising the Greek flag, a symbolic representation of Crete's struggle for Union with Greece. On the upper side, in circular sense and with capital letters the name of the issuing country 'Hellenic Republic' in Greek. Underneath the words: '100 years of the union of Crete with Greece' in Greek. On the right: '1913–2013' and the monogram of the Greek Mint. In exergue, 'ΣΤΑΜ' (monogram of the author G. Stamatopoulos). The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[77]

[112]	Vatican City	28th World Youth Day – Rio de Janeiro	94,000 coins	15 October 2013
[112]	Description: The design features the most known monument of Rio de Janeiro, the 'Christ of Corcovado' and some young people around the statue. At the top, in semi-circle, the inscription 'XXVIII G.M.G. CITTÀ DEL VATICANO RIO 2013'. At the right, the mintmark 'R' and the name of the artist 'P DANIELE'. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[78]

[113]	Luxembourg	National Anthem of the Grand Duchy	522,000 coins	16 October 2013
[113]	Description: The coin depicts on the right hand of its inner part the effigy of the Grand Duke Henri, looking to the left, and on the left hand of its inner part the musical notation as well as the text of the national anthem. The text 'Ons Heemecht' appears at the top of the inner part and the name of the issuing country 'LËTZEBUERG' as well as the year-date '2013', flanked by the mint mark and the initials of the mint master, appear at the bottom of the inner part of the coin. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[79]

[114]	Finland	125th anniversary of the birth of Nobel Prize-winning author Frans Eemil Sillanpää	1,500,000 coins	4 November 2013
[114]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts Sillanpää's portrait. At the top, in semi-circle, the words 'F. E. SILLANPÄÄ'. At the left, the year '1888' and the mint mark. At the right, the year '1964', the indication of the issuing country 'FI' and the year of issuance '2013'. This is a special coin to commemorate the grandfather of a whole nation. F. E. SILLANPÄÄ was a master of style who brought deep insights about the relationship between people and nature into Finnish literature. He was awarded the Nobel prize in 1939 based in particular on the works Meek Heritage and The Maid Silja. This masterful author gained even more national renown with his popular radio appearances and memorable Christmas columns. After the war years, the master writer evolved into the long-bearded 'Taata', the unofficial grandfather to the country. From recollections of his childhood Christmases emerged a well-loved tradition: Grandpa gathered the whole nation devoutly around their radios with his easy-going Christmas 'talks'. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[80]

[115]	Netherlands	200th anniversary of the Kingdom of the Netherlands	3,500,000 coins	25 November 2013
[115]	Description: The inner part of the design shows a continuing ribbon that starts from the outside depicting the effigy of King Willem-Alexander and continues to depict the effigies of his six predecessors: Queen Beatrix, Queen Juliana, Queen Wilhelmina, King Willem III, King Willem II and King Willem I. The effigies are surrounded by the inscription 'Willem-Alexander Koning der Nederlanden' followed by the Royal Dutch mintmark, the mint master mark, the year 2013, the initials of the designer and at the left side of the effigies the inscription '200 jaar Koninkrijk der Nederlanden'. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[81]

2014 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[116]	Luxembourg	175th anniversary of the Luxembourg's independence	519,500 coins	6 January 2014
[116]	Description: The coin depicts on the right hand side of its inner part the effigy of the Grand-Duke Henri, looking to the right, and on the left hand side of its inner part, vertically positioned, the years '1839' and '2014' and the name of the issuing country 'LËTZEBUERG'. The inscriptions 'ONOFHÄNGEGKEET' and '175 Joër' appear at the bottom of the inner part of the coin. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[82]

[117]	Spain	Park Güell, work of Antoni Gaudí Fifth of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites series	8,094,000 coins	7 February 2014
[117]	Description: The coin depicts in the foreground a lizard sculpture which is the Park Güell emblem and was designed by the architect Antoni Gaudí. As background a detail of one of the pavilions situated at the Park Güell entrance. At the top, in circular sense and in capital letters the words 'ESPAÑA' and 'PARK GÜELL – GAUDÍ'. At the left the year of issuance '2014' and at the right the mintmark. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[83]

[118]	Germany	St. Michael's Church in Hildesheim, Lower Saxony. Ninth of the Bundesländer I series	30,824,300 coins	7 February 2014
[118]	Description: The portroyal of Saint Michael Church in Hildesheim. At the top, on the left, the year 2014. At the bottom, bas, la legend NIEDERSACHSEN and the initial of the issuing country D (for Deutschland). The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.

[119]	Italy	200th anniversary of the Carabinieri	6,525,000 coins	25 March 2014
[119]	Description: The design shows a reinterpretation of the sculpture 'Pattuglia di Carabinieri nella tormenta' made in 1973 by Antonio Berti; on the right, superimposed letters of the Italian Republic monogram 'RI'/2014; on the left, 1814; up, superimposed letters R (monogram of the Mint of Rome); in exergue, LDS (monogram of the Author Luciana De Simoni)/CARABINIERI. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[84]

[120]	Slovakia	10 years of Slovakian membership in the European Union	1 million coins	1 April 2014
[120]	Description: At the centre of the national side are the stylised letters 'EÚ', as the abbreviation of the European Union, with the coat of arms of the Slovak Republic incorporated in the foreground. On the right-hand side of the inner part of the coin, in two lines, is the date of the Slovak Republic's accession to the European Union, '1.5.2004', and immediately below it the year '2014'. Inscribed along the bottom edge of the inner part is the name of the issuing country, 'SLOVENSKO', while in a semi-circle along the upper edge is the inscription '10. VÝROČIE VSTUPU DO EURÓPSKEJ ÚNIE'. To the lower left is the mint mark of Kremnica Mint (composed of the letters 'MK' between two dies), and to the lower right are the stylised letters 'MP', the initials of the designer, Mária Poldaufová. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[121]	Portugal	40 years since the Carnation Revolution	520,000 coins	23 April 2014
[121]	Description: The two curves represent the general shape of a carnation, the flower symbolizing the movement, which was also the origin of the revolution's name. The name of the issuing country 'PORTUGAL' and the Coat of Arms are inscribed on the top of the flower. The center of the image shows the date of the event '25 DE ABRIL' (25 April) and at the bottom is written the number of years past since the revolution '40 ANOS'(40 years) and the year of issuance '2014'. The shape of the letters and numbers is inspired on those used in posters and other political information supports 40 years ago, as a symbol of the euphoric period lived right after the event. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[85]

[122]	Belgium	100 years since the beginning of World War I	1,750,000 coins	12 May 2014
[122]	Description: The coin's central field depicts a poppy above the years 2014–18. Below these years appears the inscription 'The Great War Centenary', under which are the signature mark of the Master of the Mint and the mark of the Brussels mint, a helmeted profile of the archangel Michael. The top of the central field features the trilingual inscription 'BELGIE – BELGIQUE – BELGIEN'. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[86]

[123]	Netherlands	King Willem-Alexander and Princess Beatrix	5,291,000 coins	22 May 2014
[123]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts the effigies of both the King Willem-Alexander and the former Queen Beatrix. At the left, in semi-circle, the inscription 'WILLEM-ALEXANDER KONING DER NEDERLANDEN' and at the right, in semi-circle, the inscription 'BEATRIX PRINSES DER NEDERLANDEN'. Between the two inscriptions, at the top, the crown symbol and at the bottom the mint master mark, the mint mark and in between the year of issuance '2014'. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[87]

[124]	Malta	Independence from Britain in 1964 Fourth of the Maltese constitutional history series	432,500 coins	3 June 2014 (sets) 29 October 2014 (rolls)
[124]	Description: The coin commemorating the Malta Independence constitution of 1964 is the fourth in the series of five coins that commemorate constitutional milestones in Maltese history. By means of the 1964 constitution Malta became an independent nation for the first time after hundreds of years of foreign domination. The national side of the coin shows a detail of the bronze monument commemorating independence which was designed by the artist Gianni Bonnici in 1989. It shows a young woman, representing Malta, carrying the Maltese flag. At the right, in semi-circle the inscription MALTA – Independence 1964 and at the bottom the year of issuance 2014. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[125]	France	70 years since D-Day	3,019,675 coins	11 June 2014
[125]	Description: In the coin's central field the word D-DAY is written in such a way as to depict a landing craft and a tank gun barrel. The years 1944–2014 appear above the tank gun, with the inscription '70e anniversaire du débarquement' (70th anniversary of the landings) further down. The distinctive footprints left by the boots worn by American, British and Canadian troops are gradually disappearing in the sand, washed away by a wave. The words of a poem by Verlaine used as a code for the start of the landings are engraved on the wave: 'Les sanglots longs des violons de l'automne blessent mon coeur d'une langueur monotone' (the long sobs of the violins of autumn wound my heart with a monotonous languor). The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[88]

[126]	Finland	100 years since the birth of Tove Jansson	1,500,000 coins	16 June 2014
[126]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts Tove Jansson's portrait. Under the portrait the signature 'Tove Jansson' and the years '1914–2001'. At the left the indication of the issuing country 'FI'. At the right the year of issuance '2014' and the mint mark. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[89]

[127]	Italy	450 years since the birth of Galileo Galilei	6,500,000 coins	17 June 2014 (sets) 21 November 2014 (rolls)
[127]	Description:The design shows the head of Galileo Galilei from the painting of Justus Sustermans, 1636 (Florence, Galleria degli Uffizi); around, upside, GALILEO GALILEI; on the right, superimposed letters R (monogram of the Mint of Rome)/astronomic telescope/C.M. (monogram of the Author Claudia Momoni); on the left, superimposed letters of the Italian Republic monogram 'RI'; in exergue 1564–2014. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[90]

[128]	San Marino	500th anniversary since the death of Donato Bramante	114,000 coins	23 June 2014
[128]	Description: The effigy of Bramante Tempietto to the right of the Church of San Pietro in Montorio, Rome, somewhat exceeding the outline of a rectangle surrounded by the years 1514 and 2014. The legend BRAMANTE LAZZARI DELLE PENNE DI SAN MARINO (Bramante Lazzari feathers San Marino) surrounds the drawing. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[129]	Malta	200th anniversary of the Malta Police Force	300,000 coins	16 July 2014
[129]	Description: The coin commemorates the 200th anniversary of the Malta Police Force which was set up by means of proclamation XXII of 1814. Thus the Malta Police Force is one of the oldest in Europe. The national side of the coin depicts the badge of the Malta Police Force with the legend '200 Years Malta Police Force' and the dates 1814–2014. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[91]

[130]	Latvia	Riga, European Capital of Culture 2014	1,005,000 coins	12 August 2014
[130]	Description: The central image of the coin shows the skyline of Riga and the historic centre of the city that has been included in the list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Depicted are, from left to right: St. John's Church, St. James's Cathedral, Three-Stars-Tower of Riga Castle, St. Peter's Church and Riga Cathedral. At the top of the image, the inscription 'EIROPAS KULTŪRAS GALVASPILSĒTA' (European Capital of Culture) and at the bottom the name of the celebrated city and the year of issuance 'RĪGA – 2014', and underneath the indication of the issuing country 'LV'. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[92]

[131]	Belgium	150 years of the Belgian Red Cross	287,500 coins	18 September 2014
[131]	Description: The inner part of the coin features a cross with the number '150' in its centre. The vertical and horizontal bars of the cross bear the words 'Rode Kruis' and 'Croix-Rouge' respectively. The cross is surrounded by the mark of the Brussels mint (a helmeted profile of the archangel Michael), the signature mark of the Master of the Mint, the year 2014, and the country code 'BE'. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[93]

[132]	Greece	150th anniversary of the Union of the Ionian Islands with Greece	754,000 coins	24 September 2014
[132]	Description: The 'Seven Point Star' symbolizes the "Ionian Dimension" ("Ιόνια Διάσταση"): the 'Group of Seven Islands' ("Ἑπτάνησα" / Eptanisa) in the Ionian Sea bore and inspired outstanding representatives in the fields of art, important musicians, poets, painters and politicians. Clockwise from top, the visuals symbolize the following islands: – Corfu's emblem is the "apēdalos naus" ("Άπήδαλος Nαῦς": ship without steering gear), as great nautical powers were attributed to the island and its sailors were well known for their nautical abilities and skills since ancient times – Zakynthos is represented by the sacrificial tripod of Apollo – Ithaca: Odysseus is depicted with the ancient hat Pileus – Paxi's emblem is a trident: according to a mythological tale, it was created when Poseidon hit the island of Corfu with his trident, splitting it in two – Kythira, the island of celestial Aphrodite, depicted on a scallop, symbolizing her 'emergence from the sea' – Lefkada is represented by the 'Apollonian harp' ("Απολλώνια Άρπα"), symbol for its great musical tradition – Cephalonia's emblem is its mythical – eponymous – hero Cephalus. The coin was designed by Maria Andonatou, whose signet is depicted at lower left.^[94]

[133]	Greece	400 years since the death of El Greco	754,000 coins	24 September 2014
[133]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows a portrait of Domenikos Theotokopoulos. The background features a typical figure from his work, illustrative of his technique. On the left: the year 2014 and the characteristic signature of the artist ('Domenikos Theotokopoulos Epoiei'). On the right: the mint mark of the Greek State Mint. The entire design is encircled in an inscription reading in Greek 'DOMENIKOS THEOTOKOPOULOS 1541–1614' ('ΔΟΜΗΝΙΚΟΣ ΘΕΟΤΟΚΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ 1541–1614') and the name of the issuing country 'HELLENIC REPUBLIC'('ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ'). The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[95]

[134]	San Marino	90th anniversary since the death of Giacomo Puccini	100,000 coins	29 September 2014
[134]	Description: The effigy of Giacomo Puccini surrounded on the left by the name G. PUCCINI and, on the right, the name of the issuing country SAN MARINO. The year 2014 is placed at the bottom left. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[135]	Vatican City	25 years since the Fall of the Berlin Wall	103,000 coins	14 October 2014
[135]	Description: The design depicts some bricks of the partially collapsed Berlin Wall in the foreground, with the wording "XXV ANNIVERSARIO DEL CROLLO DEL MURO DI BERLINO 1989 2014"(25th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall 1989 2014) written within the bricks. An olive branch can be seen in the centre, in a gap between the bricks and a piece of barbed wire, and the Brandenburg Gate appears in the background. At the top, the words "CITTA DEL VATICANO" are inscribed. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[136]	Portugal	International Year of Family Farming	520,000 coins	31 October 2014
[136]	Description: On the central part of the design are represented tools typically used in the traditional agriculture, together with farming products: a chicken in the center, surrounded by pumpkins, a basket of potatoes, and other vegetables and flowers. On the left side, in semi-circle, the subject of the commemoration 'AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR' (Family Farming) and on the right side, in semi-circle, the name of the issuing country 'PORTUGAL' followed by the year of issuance '2014'. At the bottom left the mintmark 'INCM'. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[96]

[137]	Luxembourg	50th anniversary of Grand Duke Jean accession to the throne	512,000 coins	6 November 2014
[137]	Description: The coin's inner part depicts the effigies of the Grand-Duke Henri and the Grand-Duke Jean, both looking to the left. It is surmounted by the year '1964' above the effigy of the Grand-Duke Jean and by a crown. At the bottom, the names 'Jean' and 'Henri' appear below the respective effigy as well as the year '2014'. The inscription '50e ANNIVERSAIRE DE L'ACCESSION AU TRÔNE DU GRAND-DUC JEAN' encloses in circular form the upper inner part of the coin. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[97]

[138]	Finland	100 years since the birth of Ilmari Tapiovaara	1 million coins	10 November 2014
[138]	Description: The left inner part of the design shows Ilmari Tapiovaara's name and years. The right inner part of the design depicts a close-up from the furniture fitting characteristic for Ilmari Tapiovaara. At the right the indication of the issuing country "FI", the mint mark and the year of issuance "2014". The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[139]	Slovenia	600th anniversary since the Coronation of Barbara of Cilli	1 million coins	17 November 2014
[139]	Description: The central image of the coin shows, with lined pattern, the portrait of the Queen Barbara of Celje with her sceptre. On the image are placed three typical six-pointed stars of Celje counts. On the left side of the portrait is the inscription 'SLOVENIJA' and on the right side the inscription 'BARBARA CELJSKA' and the years '1414–2014'. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[98]

[140]	France	World AIDS Day	3 million coins	24 November 2014
[140]	Description: The red ribbon, symbolising the fight against AIDS, is featured in the coin's central field. The ribbon was created by the Visual AIDS Artists Caucus and the US painter Frank Moore. It should be worn close to the heart to symbolise solidarity with AIDS sufferers and is in the shape of an upside-down V. The idea is for it to be worn as a V one day to signify victory over the disease. There are three ribbons in the central field. One is in the conventional position and will be coloured red for the brilliant uncirculated (BU) and proof (PRF) versions. The other two ribbons are inverted and associated with two Vs to strengthen the symbolism of the much-hoped-for victory over the disease. The date 1 December, Unesco World AIDS Day, appears at the top of the central field. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[99]

[141]	Spain	King Felipe VI's accession to the throne	12 million coins	10 December 2014
[141]	Description: The design depicts the overlapping portraits of Kings Felipe VI and Juan Carlos I. At the bottom the name of the issuing country and the year of issuance: "ESPAÑA – 2014". At the right, the mint mark. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[142]	Andorra	20 years in the Council of Europe	105,000 coins	29 February 2016
[142]	Description: The design shows at the centre left the coat of arms of Andorra followed by the inscription ‘20’ where the zero is stylised to represent the Council of Europe’s flag. At the top are the inscriptions ‘ANDORRA’ and underneath ‘AL CONSELL D’EUROPA’. The year ‘2014’ appears at the bottom left followed by an oblique line. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

2015 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[143]	Spain	Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain Sixth of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites series	8 million coins	30 January 2015
[143]	Description: The design depicts in the foreground the bison painting from the Cave of Altamira located in Cantabria. In the upper side of the image, in circular sense and with capital letters, the word 'ESPAÑA', at the bottom the year of issuance '2015' and at the right the mint mark. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[100]

[144]	Germany	25 years of German Unity	30,500,000 coins	30 January 2015
[144]	Description: The people in the foreground, who embody a new beginning and the advance towards a better future, are standing in front of the Brandenburg Gate, symbol of German unity. The rendering of the statement Wir sind ein Volk ("we are one people") – a collective expression of will by German citizens – represents the path forwards towards German reunification. The inner part also features the mint mark of the respective mint ("A", "D", "F", "G" or "J") as well as the issuing country's country code "D" and the engraver's mark (the initials "BW" – Bernd Wendhut). The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[101]

[145]	France	70 years of peace in Europe	4,020,000 coins	30 January 2015
[145]	Description: On the coin's reverse, the dove is drawn in a graphical and modern way. It carries in its beak an olive branch whose branches have been replaced by the 12 stars of the European Flag, symbol of peace in Europe. The 28 countries of the European Union are symbolised by their own ISO code. The Europa Star logo is present on the reverse, close to the dove.

[146]	Germany	Paulskirche in Frankfurt am Main Tenth of the Bundesländer I series	30,765,000 coins	30 January 2015
[146]	Description: The design depicts a classic perspective on St. Paul's Church in Frankfurt (the 'Paulskirche' was the seat of Germany's first freely elected legislative body in 1849 and is regarded as the cradle of German democracy) and is therefore the perspective possessing the greatest recognition value. The design incisively brings out the tension between the dominant tower and the elliptical structure of the church. The slightly exaggerated flight of steps has an inviting quality while simultaneously offering support to the subjacent inscription 'HESSEN' (the Federal State of Hessen in which St. Paul's Church is situated). The inner part also features the year '2015' and the mint mark of the respective mint ('A', 'D', 'F', 'G' or 'J') at the left side as well as the issuing country's indication 'D' and the engraver's mark (the initials 'HH' – Heinz Hoyer) at the right side.^[102]

[147]	Latvia	EU Presidency	1,025,000 coins	10 February 2015
[147]	Description:An archetypal image of a millstone, the logo of the Latvian Presidency of the Council of the European Union, with the inscriptions LATVIJAS PREZIDENTŪRA ES PADOMĒ (Latvian Presidency of the Council of the EU) and EU2015.LV above and beneath it respectively.^[103]

[148]	Finland	150 years since the birth of Jean Sibelius	1 million coins	18 February 2015
[148]	Description: At the inner part of the coin is sky with stars, tree tops at the right. The text 'JEAN SIBELIUS' and the year of issuance '2015' are placed at the left inner part of the coin. At the right is the indication of the issuing country 'FI' and the mint mark. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[104]

[149]	San Marino	750 years since the birth of Dante Alighieri	100,000 coins	8 April 2015
[149]	Description: The design by Annalisa Masini shows a portrait of Dante, taken from a fresco by Botticelli. At the right of the portrait, the inscription 'DANTE' on a vertical axis. At the right of the inner centre, the name of the issuing country 'SAN MARINO' in semi-circle. Between these two inscriptions, the mint mark 'R', the years '1265' and '2015' and the initials of the artist 'AM'. The lettering style used in identifying the nation and the coin's subject was inspired by lettering in the first copies of the Divina Commedia (Dante's Divine Comedy).^[105]

[150]	Portugal	150 years Portuguese Red Cross	520,000 coins	15 April 2015
[150]	Description: The design depicts a visual composition based on the well-known cross, symbol of the organisation, replicated several times to represent the expansion of the humanitarian action both in Portugal and abroad. The contour of a hand in the background symbolises the different kinds of help given by the organisation to the people, mostly medical, but also and among others: cooperating, constructing and supporting. At the left side, in semi-circle, the inscription 'CRUZ VERMELHA PORTUGUESA'. At the top, the Coat of Arms and the name of the issuing country 'PORTUGAL' and at the bottom the years '1865' and '2015'. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[106]

[151]	Italy	Universal Exposition Expo 2015 in Milan	3,525,000 coins	29 April 2015 (proof) 22 July 2015 (rolls)
[151]	Description: The design depicts a composition symbolising the fertility of Earth: on a semicircle indicating the terrestrial sphere, a seed fed by the water waits to sprout; above the Earth, a vine, an olive twig and an ear grow from a tree trunk; around, the inscription 'NUTRIRE IL PIANETA'; on the left the initials of the designer Maria Grazia Urbani, 'MGU'; on the right, the monogram of Italian Republic 'RI' and 'R', identifying the Mint of Rome; in the middle, logo of the EXPO MILANO 2015. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[107]

[152]	Malta	100 years since the first flight from Malta	325,000 coins	25 May 2015
[152]	Description: The coin commemorates an important milestone in Maltese aviation history – the 100 years since the first flight from Malta. It was on 13 February 1915 that Captain Kilmer took off from the Grand Harbour on a seaplane that was carried by HMS Ark Royal. The plane landed in the harbour after a 55-minute flight. The coin depicts Captain Kilmer's seaplane with Senglea Point, a prominent feature in the Grand Harbour, in the background. At the top the inscription 'FIRST FLIGHT FROM MALTA' in semi-circle. At the right the years '1915–2015'. At the bottom left the inscription '100TH ANNIVERSARY' and at the bottom the initials of the designer 'NGB' (Noel Galea Bason).^[108]

[153]	Luxembourg	15th anniversary of Grand Duke Henri accession to the throne	517,500 coins	8 June 2015
[153]	Description: The coin depicts Grand Duke Henri and the Grand Duchess. The year of accession '2000', the issuing country 'Luxembourg' and the year mark '2015' appear above them. Below them appears the inscription '15e anniversaire de l'accession au trône de S.A.R. le Grand-Duc' (15th anniversary of the accession to the throne of H.R.H. the Grand Duke). The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[109]

[154]	Malta	Proclamation of the Republic of Malta in 1974 Fifth of the Maltese constitutional history series	435,000 coins	23 June 2015 (sets) 3 October 2015 (rolls)
[154]	Description: The coin is the last in a series of five commemorating Maltese constitutional milestones. Malta was declared a republic on 13 December 1974 following constitutional changes which were agreed upon by a great majority in Malta's Parliament. The design reproduces a marble tablet affixed to the façade of the Presidential Palace in Valletta to mark Malta's change from a monarchy to a republic. At the top right, in semi-circle, the inscription 'MALTA – Republic 1974'. At the bottom, the year '2015'.^[110]

[155]	Italy	750 years since the birth of Dante Alighieri	3,515,000 coins	26 June 2015 (sets) 22 July 2015 (rolls)
[155]	Description: The design shows Dante with an open book in his left hand and the Purgatory mountain at the back: detail from the illustration of the Divine Comedy painted by Domenico di Michelino (1417–1491) in the Dome of S. Maria del Fiore in Florence; in the centre, the monogram of the Italian Republic "RI"; at the right the inscription "R", identifying the Mint of Rome; below the inscription "SP", initials of Silvia Petrassi and the dates "1265 2015", i.e. the year of the anniversary and that of the coin's issue respectively; arch shaped, the inscription "DANTE ALIGHIERI". The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[111]

[156]	Portugal	500 years since first Contact with Timor	520,000 coins	15 July 2015
[156]	Description:The design depicts a 16th-century ship, representing the arrival of the Portuguese navigators to the island, and a local house thatched roof top, including the typical wood sculptures, permanent memories of myths and legends. The one depicted on the coin represents the history of the first inhabitants, who arrived by boat from other parts of the Asian continent and the importance of the horse to travel around the steep mountains which cover most of the island. At the top right, the year '1515' and the name of the issuing country 'PORTUGAL'. At the bottom left, the inscription 'TIMOR' and the year '2015'. At the bottom, the signature of the artist Fernando Fonseca. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[112]

[157]	France	225. anniversary of Fête de la Fédération	4,020,000 coins	22 July 2015
[157]	Description: The French national holiday brings the people of France together in celebration of the Republic. The design shows Marianne, the symbol of the Republic, depicted in profile in a graphic, contemporary style. She is wearing the Phrygian cap. On the right the tricolour cockade appears in outline above the letters RF. The year is written in the centre of the coin. The left side features a stanza from the poem 'Liberté' by the French poet Paul Eluard, an allusion to the motto of the French Republic. The mint marks appear alongside this extract.^[113]

[158]	Belgium	European Year for Development	250,000 coins	17 September 2015
[158]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts a hand holding a globe of the Earth with a plant in the foreground. The inscription '2015 EUROPEAN YEAR FOR DEVELOPMENT' features in an arc above the globe. The country code 'BE' appears beneath the hand while the signature mark of the Master of the Mint and the mark of the Brussels mint, a helmeted profile of the archangel Michael, are to its left.^[114]

[159]	San Marino	25 years of German Unity	100,000 coins	29 September 2015
[159]	Description: The design shows the Brandenburg Gate which during the Cold War was located in East Berlin, in two representations which are intertwined like two hands, symbolizing the reunification of the two parts of Berlin. At the left the mint mark "R" and the initials of the artist "ES" (Erik Spiekermann). In circle around the design are the inscription "25° ANNIVERSARIO DELLA RIUNIFICAZIONE DELLA GERMANIA 1990–2015" (25th anniversary of the German reunification) and the country and year of issuance "San Marino MMXV". The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[115]

[160]	Vatican City	VIII World Meeting of Families – Philadelphia 2015	122,000 coins	6 October 2015
[160]	Description: The design depicts two families which ideally embrace the whole Earth. At the top, the year of issuance "2015". At the left side, the name of the artist "C. Principe". The mint mark R appears on the arm of one family member at the right. The design is surrounded by the inscription "VIII INCONTRO MONDIALE DELLE FAMIGLIE" (The VIII World Meeting of Families), from the left to the right in semi-circle and " CITTA' DEL VATICANO" at the bottom.^[116]

[161]	Luxembourg	125th anniversary of the Nassau-Weilburg Dynasty	511,500 coins	15 October 2015
[161]	Description: On the left of the coin is the effigy of Grand Duke Henri, and on the right, in a circular arrangement, and in chronological order of their accession to the throne, the portraits of their Grand Dukes Adolphe and Guillaume IV, Grand Duchesses Marie-Adélaïde and Charlotte, and Grand Duke Jean. To the right, also in circular format, is the inscription '1890 – Dynastie Nassau-Weilbourg'. The name of the issuing country, 'Luxembourg', and the year, '2015', run vertically in the centre of the design.^[117]

[162]	Finland	150 years since the birth of Akseli Gallen-Kallela	500,000 coins	22 October 2015
[162]	Description: On the top of the design there is a swimming swan of Tuonela. The water below the swan is waving from the descending spirit. The indication of the issuing country 'FI' is at the right end of the horizon line. At the bottom of the design there is the artist's palette with Gallen-Kallela's year of birth '1865' and the year of issuance '2015'. Next to the palette is the mint mark. The artist's name 'AKSELI GALLEN KALLELA' is on the ring of the coin, below the horizon line. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[118]

[163]	Slovakia	200 years since the birth of Ľudovít Štúr	1 million coins	23 October 2015
[163]	Description: The design depicts a portrait of Ľudovít Štúr. Inscribed to the right of the portrait, parallel to the edge of the inner part of the coin, are the year of issuance '2015' and, further right along the edge, the name of issuing country 'SLOVENSKO'. Inscribed to the left of the portrait, parallel to the inner edge, are the dates of Štúr's birth and death '1815–1856' and, further left along the edge, the name 'ĽUDOVÍT ŠTÚR'. In the upper right part of the design is the mint mark of the Kremnica Mint (Mincovňa Kremnica), consisting of the initials 'MK' placed between two dies. In the lower right part are the stylised letters 'IŘ', the initials of the designer, Ivan Řehák.^[119]

[164]	Slovenia	2000th anniversary of the Founding of Emona	1 million coins	9 November 2015
[164]	Description: The central image of the coin is the composition of letters that form the word 'EMONA' or 'AEMONA' and a stylized design of Emona. At the bottom, in circular sense, the inscription 'EMONA LJUBLJANA SLOVENIJA 2015'. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[120]

[165]	Monaco	800th anniversary of the Construction of the first Fortress on the Rock 1215	10,000 coins	14 November 2015
[165]	Description: The design shows a tower on the top of the rock. At the top the name of the issuing country 'MONACO' flanked by the Paris mint mark and the mint master mark. At the bottom, the inscription "FONDATION DE LA FORTERESSE" (Foundation of the fortress), flanked by the years '1215' and '2015'.^[121]

[166]	Latvia	Stork	1,020,000 coins	1 December 2015
[166]	Description: From mid-April to the end of August, Latvia's country landscape is dotted with nests of the white stork (Ciconia ciconia), and during this period people are used to listening to the sounds of bill clattering and to seeing these lanky-bodied birds in the vicinity of ponds and rivers. The black stork (Ciconia nigra), on the other hand, is a widespread yet uncommon bird, seen rarely in marshy areas or inland waters hidden in ancient forest tracts. Most of the white and black stork population nests in Europe. As their current species and habitat conservation status is inadequate, these species are distinguished by the European Parliament and Council Directive as requiring special protection measures to ensure their survival and breeding.^[122]

[167]	Lithuania	Lithuanian Language	1 million coins	14 December 2015
[167]	Description: The design shows the word "AČIŪ" (THANK YOU) – one of the most beautiful words in the Lithuanian language. An original Lithuanian font – created specially on the basis of the Latin font for the occasion of the centenary of the restoration of Lithuanian press – in order to match better the combinations of letters used most in the Lithuanian language, is used in the project. All the letters of the Lithuanian language are depicted on the background of the word "AČIŪ", laid out in a tag cloud.^[123]

[168]	Greece	75 years since the death of Spyridon Louis	750,000 coins	15 December 2015
[168]	Description: The design shows Spyros Louis and the cup that he was awarded, against the background with the Panathenaic Stadium. Inscribed along the inner edge is the country of issuance "HELLENIC REPUBLIC" and "75 YEARS IN MEMORIAM OF SPYROS LOUIS" (in Greek). Above the cup appears the year of issuance "2015" and to the right a palmette (the mint mark of the Greek Mint). Visible at the bottom of the design is the monogram of the artist (George Stamatopoulos).^[124]

[169]	Andorra	25 years of Customs Union with the EU	85,000 coins	18 July 2016
[169]	Description: The design shows at the top the map of Andorra with the coat of arms of the Principality highlighted inside it. At the bottom of the design, two opposing arrows interlaced, symbolizing the Customs Agreement between Andorra and the EU, show the years that are being commemorated "1990" and "2015" (the latter is also the year of issue of the coin) and the name of the issuing country "ANDORRA". Surrounding the map of Andorra appears the inscription "25è aniversari de la Signatura de l'Acord Duaner amb la Unió Europea" (25th anniversary of the Signature of the Customs Agreement with the European Union).^[125]

[170]	Andorra	30 years since 18 became Legal Age	85,000 coins	18 July 2016
[170]	Description: The design shows a partial reproduction of a young person casting a vote. The ballot that the figure is holding reproduces the inscription "ANDORRA". To the left of the figure there are the years that are being commemorated "1985" and "2015" (the latter is the year of issue of the coin as well). A shorter inscription of the commemoration surrounds the whole design "30è ANIVERSARI MAJORIA D'EDAT ALS 18 ANYS" (30th anniversary Coming of Age at 18 years old).^[126]

2015 commonly issued coin

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
	European Union	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	51,383,304 coins^[127]	6 August – 23 December 2015
	Description: To celebrate thirty years of the EU flag, euro-area Finance Ministers decided that euro-area Member States would strike a 2-euro commemorative coin using a common design on the national side. Euro-area citizens and residents have selected by public web-voting the winning design. Voters had a choice of five designs, which had been pre-selected by a professional jury following a design competition among European Mints, and they chose the design created by Mr Georgios Stamatopoulos, professional designer at the Bank of Greece. The designs shows the EU flag as a symbol that unites people and cultures with shared visions and ideals for a better common future. Twelve stars that morph into human figures are embracing the birth of a new Europe. At the bottom right are the initials of the designer (ΓΣ). The name(s) of the issuing country in the national language(s) and the indication 1985-2015 appear too. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.
[171]	Finland	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	500,000 coins	6 August 2015
[171]	Inscription: SUOMI FINLAND 1985-2015
[172]	Slovakia	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	1 million coins	24 September 2015
[172]	Inscription: SLOVENSKO 1985-2015
[173]	Netherlands	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	1 million coins	13 October 2015
[173]	Inscription: NEDERLAND 1985-2015
[174]	Ireland	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	1 million coins	16 October 2015
[174]	Inscription: ÉIRE 1985-2015
[175]	Austria	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	2,500,000 coins	30 October 2015
[175]	Inscription: REPUBLIK ÖSTERREICH 1985-2015
[176]	Latvia	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	1,010,000 coins	3 November 2015
[176]	Inscription: LATVIJA 1985-2015
[177]	Germany	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	30,125,000 coins	5 November 2015
[177]	Inscription: BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND 1985-2015
[178]	Italy	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	1,005,000 coins	9 November 2015
[178]	Inscription: REPUBLICA ITALIANA 1985-2015
[179]	France	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	4,020,000 coins	16 November 2015
[179]	Inscription: RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE 1985-2015
[180]	Lithuania	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	750,000 coins	17 November 2015
[180]	Inscription: LIETUVA 1985-2015
[181]	Belgium	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	412,500 coins	18 November 2015
[181]	Inscription: BELGIE–BELGIQUE–BELGIEN 1985-2015
[182]	Cyprus	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	350,000 coins	30 November 2015
[182]	Inscription: ΚΥΠΡΟΣ KIBRIS 1985-2015
[183]	Portugal	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	520,000 coins	30 November 2015
[183]	Inscription: PORTUGAL 1985-2015
[184]	Spain	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	4 million coins	1 December 2015
[184]	Inscription: ESPAÑA 1985-2015
[185]	Luxembourg	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	510,000 coins	3 December 2015
[185]	Inscription: LËTZEBUERG 1985-2015 As with the previous common commemorative coins, an obligatory latent image of Grand Duke Henri was added to the Luxembourgish edition. The portrait is located in the same space as the euro flag.
[186]	Slovenia	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	1 million coins	7 December 2015
[186]	Inscription: SLOVENIJA 1985-2015
[187]	Estonia	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	350,000 coins	10 December 2015
[187]	Inscription: EESTI 1985-2015
[188]	Malta	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	300,000 coins	18 December 2015
[188]	Inscription: MALTA 1985-2015
[189]	Greece	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	750,000 coins	23 December 2015
[189]	Inscription: ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ 1985-2015

2016 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[190]	Austria	200th anniversary of the founding of Austria's central bank Oesterreichische Nationalbank	16,060,000 coins	2 December 2015 (sets) January 2016 (rolls)
[190]	Description: The design depicts a carved relief with two gods from Roman mythology standing before the entrance to the main building of the Oesterreichische Nationalbank (OeNB): to the left, Mercury, the messenger of the gods and the god of merchants and commerce; to the right, Fortuna, the goddess of fate and prosperity, who is portrayed with a horn of plenty. The background detail, running from the left to the right edges of the core, shows the OeNB’s main premises. An ornamental band skirting the bottom of the coin centre evokes the red-white-red pattern of the Austrian national flag, with hatched vertical lines symbolising the colour red, as laid down in the rules of heraldic design. The years ‘1816’ and ‘2016’ to the left of Mercury refer to the OeNB’s founding year and its bicentennial. The inscriptions running along the edges of the gold-coloured centre read ‘Republik Österreich’ (Republic of Austria) and ‘200 Jahre Oesterreichische Nationalbank’ (200 years of Oesterreichische Nationalbank). The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[191]	Estonia	100 years since the birth of Paul Keres	500,000 coins	7 January 2016
[191]	Description: The coin features a portrait of the Estonian chess grandmaster Paul Keres with some chess pieces. In the upper left, in semicircle, is the inscription 'Paul Keres. "On the left side the name of the issuing country is, 'Eesti' and, underneath, the year of issue, '2016'."

[192]	Ireland	100 years since Easter Rising	4,500,000 coins	20 January 2016
[192]	Description: It shows a representation of the statue of Hibernia (the historic personification of Ireland) on top of the GPO with the centenary dates.

[193]	Spain	Old city of Segovia and its aqueduct Seventh of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites series	4 million coins	5 February 2016
[193]	Description: The design depicts in the foreground the aqueduct of Segovia. At the top of the inner circle, and following the circular shape of the coin, is the name of the issuing country ‘ESPAÑA’; underneath it, the year of issuance ‘2016’. At the top right is the mint mark. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[194]	Germany	Zwinger Palace in Dresden Eleventh of the Bundesländer I series	30,663,000 coins	5 February 2016
[194]	Description: The design shows a view of the world-famous Zwinger Palace in Dresden, namely of the inner yard giving way to the Crown Gate. It includes the name ‘SACHSEN’ (Saxony) and the country code ‘D’ at the bottom, the mint mark of the respective mint (‘A’, ‘D’, ‘F’, ‘G’ or ‘J’) as well as the engraver’s mark (the initials ‘JT’ for Jordi Truxa) at the top right and the year ‘2016’ at the top left. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[195]	France	XV European Football Championship	10,020,500 coins	5 February 2016
[195]	Description: The design of the coin features the Henri Delaunay Cup in the middle of an outline map of France, along with the two marks of the Paris Mint. The letters ‘RF’ for République Française (French Republic) are to the right of the map of France, and the name of the competition, ‘UEFA EURO 2016 France’, appears above it. Below the map, a football stands out in the foreground. All of this is set on a background that features graphical elements representing the competition. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[196]	Slovakia	Slovak Presidency of the Council of the European Union	1 million coins	7 March 2016
[196]	Description: The design centres on the coat of arms of the Slovak Republic, shown against a background of dynamic centripetal lines representing the position and importance of the Slovak Republic during its presidency of the Council of the European Union. To the right of the coat of arms: the year ‘2016’. Around the edge of the inner circle: the country name ‘SLOVENSKO’ (Slovakia) and the inscription ‘PREDSEDNÍCTVO SR V RADE EÚ’ (Slovak Presidency of the EU Council), separated by graphical symbols. The mint mark of Kremnica Mint, composed of the letters ‘MK’ between two die, and the stylised initials of the designer of the national side, Vladimír Pavlica, ‘VP’, are in the lower part of the composition. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[197]	Belgium	2016 Summer Olympics – Rio de Janeiro	375,000 coins	24 March 2016
[197]	Description: The coin depicts a stylized figure, the five Olympic rings and the inscription 'TEAM BELGIUM'.

[198]	San Marino	550 years since the death of Donatello	87,800 coins	5 April 2016
[198]	Description: The design depicts, in the foreground on the left, a portrait of David, being a detail of the bronze sculpture by Donatello. At centre top, the mintmark ‘R’; on the right, the name of the issuing country ‘SAN MARINO’; at bottom right, the inscription ‘Donatello’, the dates ‘1466-2016’ and, in the centre, the initials of the artist ‘MB’. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[199]	Finland	90th anniversary of the death of Eino Leino	1 million coins	25 April 2016
[199]	Description: The centerpiece of the design is a flame and a poker pointed upward to the right. At the bottom left the mintmark "FI" identifying Finland and the inscription "Eino Leino".

[200]	Italy	550 years since the death of Donatello	1,500,000 coins	29 April 2016
[200]	Description: Head of Donatello’s David (detail of the bronze sculpture on display in the National Museum of Bargello, Florence). On the left, ‘RI’, the monogram of the Italian Republic’; on two lines below, ‘1466’ and ‘2016’. On the right, ‘C.M.’, the initials of the author Claudia Momoni; below, ‘DONATELLO’. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[201]^[128]	Portugal	Portuguese athletes participating in the 2016 Summer Olympics	680,000 coins	3 May 2016
[201]^[128]	Description: The design shows an image based on the well-known artwork ‘Heart of Viana’, signed by the author Joana Vasconcelos, which was inspired by traditional jewellery from the north of Portugal (the area around the city of Viana do Castelo). It symbolises the Portuguese people’s support for the national team on the occasion of the Olympics. At the left and the right, in semi-circle, are the inscriptions ‘JOANA VASCONCELOS’ and ‘EQUIPA OLÍMPICA DE PORTUGAL 2016’, respectively. At the bottom is the mint mark ‘INCM’. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[202]	Lithuania	Baltic Culture	1 million coins	3 May 2016
[202]	Description: The design shows an amber disc, one of the most characteristic symbols of the Baltic culture. The disc is decorated with a crosspiece of drilled dots — an ornament symbolising the world’s axis. At the top is the name of the issuing country ‘LIETUVA’, flanked by the mint mark and the year of issuance ‘2016’. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[203]^[128]	Luxembourg	50 years of Grand Duchess Charlotte Bridge	517,500 coins	6 May 2016
[203]^[128]	Description: The design shows the ‘Grand Duchess Charlotte Bridge’, which is the main infrastructure connecting the city centre of Luxembourg to the urban quarter of Kirchberg, the location of the city’s European Union institutions. The French name of the bridge, ‘Pont Grande-Duchesse Charlotte’, is inscribed on the image of the bridge, and the year ‘1966’ appears directly beneath this text. At the top of the design, an image of the Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg; at its left, the year of issuance ‘2016’. At the bottom appears the name of the issuing country, ‘LUXEMBOURG’. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[204]^[128]	Italy	2200 years since the death of Plautus	1,500,000 coins	21 May 2016
[204]^[128]	Description: Theatre masks representing two New Comedy characters, a young woman and a slave, from a mosaic of the second century AD (Capitoline Museums, Rome); around, the construction plan of a Roman theatre and ‘RI’, the monogram of the Italian Republic; on the left, ‘R’, and on the right, ‘LDS’, the initials of the author Luciana De Simoni; below, ‘184 A. C.’, ‘2016’ and ‘PLAUTO’. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[205]	Belgium	Child Focus^[129]	1,020,000 coins	25 May 2016
[205]	Description: The coin displays the face of a child with the words 'MISSING-DISPARU-VERMIST', 'WWW.CHILDFOCUS.BE' and the trilingual indication of nationality 'BELGIQUE-BELGIE-BELGIEN' followed by the year 2016. The Child Focus organisation and the Royal Mint of Belgium have issued a 2 euro coin on the occasion of Missing Children's day, an annual event on 25 May.

[206]	Monaco	150th anniversary of the founding of Monte Carlo by Charles III	15,000 coins	1 June 2016
[206]	Description: The design shows CHARLES III within the background MONTE CARLO. At the top is the name of the issuing country ‘MONACO’ flanked by the mint mark and the mint master mark. At the bottom, in semi-circle from left to right is the inscription ‘1866 CHARLES III FONDE MONTE CARLO 2016’. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[207]	Vatican City	The 200th anniversary of the Vatican Guard	105,000 coins	2 June 2016
[207]	Description: The national face features a Vatican Guard in front of the Dome of St. Peter’s Basilica. At the top, in semi-circle is the inscription ‘CORPO DELLA GENDARMERIA 1816-2016’. At the bottom, in semi-circle is the name of the issuing country ‘CITTÀ DEL VATICANO’. The mint mark ‘R’ appears at the left of the design and the name of the designer ‘D. Longo’ appears at the right. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[208]	Slovenia	The 25th anniversary of independence of the Republic of Slovenia	1 million coins	20 June 2016
[208]	Description: Over the left part of the inner circle is obliquely positioned a line. At its right, in the upper part of the coin is the inscription ‘25 LET’ and below it the inscription ‘REPUBLIKA SLOVENIJA’. Underneath these inscriptions is the original Prešeren’s written record of the part of the Slovenian hymn Zdravljica ‘dočákat’ dan’. At the bottom of the inner circle is the year ‘2016’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[209]	Latvia	Latvian agricultural industry	1,010,000 coins	19 July 2016
[209]	Description: The designs shows a Latvian brown cow which is one of the symbols of Latvian dairy farming both in folklore and in life. Underneath the design, at the left side there is the inscription of the year of issuance ‘2016’ and at the bottom of the inner circle the name of the issuing country ‘LATVIJA’. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[210]	Portugal	50 years since inauguration of 25 April Bridge	500,000 coins	19 July 2016
[210]	Description: The design depicts the image of the bridge. At the top right is the inscription ‘PORTUGAL’. At the bottom right are the inscriptions ‘PONTE’, ‘25 DE ABRIL’, ‘1966’ and ‘2016’, one below the other. At the bottom left is the mintmark ‘INCM’ and at the bottom centre is the name of the designer ‘JOSÉ AURÉLIO’. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[211]	Malta	Ġgantija First of the Maltese Prehistoric Sites series	350,000 coins	22 August 2016
[211]	Description: The coin depicts the Ġgantija Temples situated on the Island of Gozo. Ġgantija is a megalithic temple complex dating to the Neolithic ages. It is one of the world's oldest free-standing structures, as well as one of the oldest religious structures. Built approximately in the 36th century BC, Ġgantija pre-dates Stonehenge and the Egyptian Pyramids. At the top right the inscription ‘ĠGANTIJA TEMPLES’ and underneath the years ‘3600-3200 BC’. At the bottom left the name of the country of issuance ‘MALTA’ and underneath the year of issuance ‘2016’, flanked by the mint master mark and the mint mark. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[212]	France	100 years since the birth of François Mitterrand	10,020,000 coins	12 September 2016
[212]	Description: The design shows a profile of a pensive François Mitterrand. Adjacent is his personal emblem of a half oak/half olive tree. Above are the dates marking the centenary of his birth (‘1916’ and ‘2016’) and his name. At the bottom, the indication of the issuing country ‘RF’. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[213]	San Marino	400 years since the death of William Shakespeare	85,000 coins < Edit Article in Wikipedia Read in Wikipedia 2025 © WikiZero. All rights reserved. Privacy Policy \| Terms of Service

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

[56]

[57]

[58]

[59]

[60]

[61]

[62]

[63]

[64]

[65]

[66]

[67]

[68]

[69]

[70]

[71]

[72]

[73]

[74]

[75]

[76]

[77]

[78]

[79]

[80]

[81]

[82]

[83]

[84]

[85]

[86]

[87]

[88]

[89]

[90]

[91]

[92]

[93]

[94]

[95]

[96]

[97]

[98]

[99]

[100]