1859 in paleontology

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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.^[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1859.

Plants

Angiosperms

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Anchietea borealis^[2]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Heer	Paleocene late Paleocene	Menat Formation	France Puy-de-Dôme		First described as a violaceous species. Moved to Atriplex borealis inn 1912. Moved to Palaeocarpinus borealis in 2021.

Dinosaurs

New taxa

Taxon	Novelty	Status	Author(s)	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Compsognathus longipes	Gen. et. sp. nov.	Valid	Wagner	Tithonian	Solnhofen Limestone	Germany	A compsognathid.
Hadrosaurus foulkii^[3]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Leidy	Campanian	Woodbury Formation	New Jersey	A hadrosaurid.
"Scelidosaurus"^[4]	Invalid	Nomen nudum	Owen	Sinemurian	Blue Lias	UK	A basal thyreophoran.

Pterosaurs

Buckman described a clutch of 4.5 cm long oval-shaped fossil eggs from Middle Jurassic marine rock in the United Kingdom. He erected the new oogenus and oospecies Oolithes bathonicae for them, the first time fossil eggs had been given their own unique taxonomic name.^[5]

New taxa

Taxon	Novelty	Status	Author(s)	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Dimorphodon^[4]	Gen. nov.	Valid	Owen	Sinemurian	Blue Lias	UK	A new generic name for Pterodactylus macronyx.

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

Taxon	Novelty	Status	Author(s)	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Galesaurus				252 Millions of years ago		South Africa

References

^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
^ Correa-Narvaez, J. E.; Manchester, S. R. (2021). "Distribution and Morphological Diversity of Palaeocarpinus (Betulaceae) from the Paleogene of the Northern Hemisphere". The Botanical Review. 88 (2): 161–203. doi:10.1007/s12229-021-09258-y. S2CID 237795532.
^ Leidy, J. 1859. Extinct vertebrata from the Judith River and Great Lignite Formations of Nebraska. American Philosophical Society Transactions 11:pp. 139-154.
^ ^a ^b Owen, R. 1859. On the order of fossil and recent reptilia, and their distribution in time. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science: pp. 153-166.
^ Wellnhofer, Peter (2008). "A short history of pterosaur research". Zitteliana B. 28: 7–19.

[1] Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.

[Palaeocarpinus2021-2] Correa-Narvaez, J. E.; Manchester, S. R. (2021). "Distribution and Morphological Diversity of Palaeocarpinus (Betulaceae) from the Paleogene of the Northern Hemisphere". The Botanical Review. 88 (2): 161–203. doi:10.1007/s12229-021-09258-y. S2CID 237795532.

[3] Leidy, J. 1859. Extinct vertebrata from the Judith River and Great Lignite Formations of Nebraska. American Philosophical Society Transactions 11:pp. 139-154.

[owen-4] Owen, R. 1859. On the order of fossil and recent reptilia, and their distribution in time. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science: pp. 153-166.

[wellnhofer-5] Wellnhofer, Peter (2008). "A short history of pterosaur research". Zitteliana B. 28: 7–19.

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