Overview of the events of 1883 in science
The year 1883 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
August 26 – Krakatoa begins its final phase of eruptions at 1:06 pm local time. These produce a number of tsunami , mainly in the early hours of the next day, which result in about 36,000 deaths on the islands of Sumatra and Java . The final explosion at 10:02 am on August 27 destroys the island of Krakatoa itself and is heard up to 3000 miles away. Vasily Dokuchaev publishes Russian Chernozem . January 4 – Johanna Westerdijk (died 1961 ), Dutch plant pathologist . February 10 – Edith Clarke (died 1959 ), American electrical engineer, inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame . March 4 – Julius Fromm (died 1945 ), German businessman, inventor known for the Condom machine May 5 – Anna Johnson Pell Wheeler (died 1966 ), American mathematician. May 13 – Georgios Papanikolaou (died 1962 ), Greek -born cytopathologist , inventor of the Pap smear . June 24 – Victor Francis Hess (died 1964 ), American physicist . July 15 – Orii Hyōjirō (died 1970 ), Japanese animal specimen collector. August 4 – Sydney Smith (died 1969 ), New Zealand -born forensic pathologist . August 6 – Constance Georgina Adams (died 1968 ), South African botanist.[ 10] October 2 – Karl von Terzaghi (died 1963 ), Austrian "father of soil mechanics ". October 8 – Otto Heinrich Warburg (died 1970 ), German physiologist , winner of the 1931 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine . January 23 – George Miller Beard (born 1839 ), American neurologist . April 10 - Maurice Krishaber (born 1836 ), naturalised French Hungarian otorhinolaryngologist .[ 11] April 14 – William Farr (born 1807 ), English epidemiologist . April 28 – Rev. John Russell (born 1795 ), English dog breeder . May 13 – James Young (born 1811 ), Scottish chemist . June 18 – John Waterston (born 1811), Scottish physicist and civil engineer (drowned). June 26 – General Sir Edward Sabine (born 1788 ), Anglo-Irish physicist, astronomer and explorer . September 15 – Joseph Plateau (born 1801 ), Belgian physicist. December 8 – François Lenormant (born 1837 ), French assyriologist and numismatist . December 13 – John Stringfellow (born 1799 ), English pioneer of heavier-than-air flight. ^ "Svante August Arrhenius" . Science History Institute . Retrieved 21 March 2018 . ^ Bowden, Mary Ellen (1997). "Svante August Arrhenius" . Chemical achievers : the human face of the chemical sciences . Philadelphia, PA: Chemical Heritage Foundation. pp. 32–34 . ISBN 9780941901123 . ^ Kutney, Gerald (2007). Sulfur: History, Technology, Applications & Industry . ChemTec Publishing. p. 62. ISBN 9781895198379 . ^ Galton, Francis (1883). Inquiries into Human Faculty and its Development . London: Macmillan. p. 199 . ^ Baethge, C.; Salvatore, P.; Baldessarini, R. J. (September 2003). "Cyclothymia, a circular mood disorder". History of Psychiatry . 14 (55 Pt 3): 377–390. doi :10.1177/0957154X030143008 . PMID 14621693 . S2CID 145076032 . ^ Koukopoulos, A. (January 2003). "Ewald Hecker's description of cyclothymia as a cyclical mood disorder: its relevance to the modern concept of bipolar II". Journal of Affective Disorders . 73 (1–2): 199–205. doi :10.1016/S0165-0327(02)00326-9 . PMID 12507752 . ^ Reynolds, Osborne (1883). "An experimental investigation of the circumstances which determine whether the motion of water shall be direct or sinuous, and of the law of resistance in parallel channels" . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society . 174 : 935–982. Bibcode :1883RSPT..174..935R . doi :10.1098/rstl.1883.0029 . JSTOR 109431 . ^ Rott, N. (1990). "Note on the history of the Reynolds number". Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics . 22 (1): 1–11. Bibcode :1990AnRFM..22....1R . doi :10.1146/annurev.fl.22.010190.000245 . S2CID 54583669 . ^ "Copley Medal | British scientific award" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 23 July 2020 . ^ Rall, Maureen (2002). Petticoat Pioneers: The History of the Pioneer Women who Lived on the Diamond Fields in the Early Years . Kimberley, South Africa: Kimberley Africana Library. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-62027-613-9 . ^ "Notice no. LH/1409/37" . Base Léonore (in French).