1968 chess tournament in Lugano, Switzerland
The official poster for the Olympiad. The 18th Chess Olympiad (Italian : Le 18º Olimpiadi degli scacchi ), organized by FIDE and comprising an open[ 1] team tournament, as well as several other events designed to promote the game of chess , took place between October 17 and November 7, 1968, in Lugano , Switzerland .
The Soviet team with six GMs , led by world champion Petrosian, lived up to expectations and won their ninth consecutive gold medals, with Yugoslavia and Bulgaria taking the silver and bronze, respectively.
A total of 53 teams entered the competition and were divided into seven preliminary groups of seven or eight teams each. The top two from each group advanced to Final A, the teams placed third-fourth to Final B, no. 5-6 to Final C, and the rest to Final D. Preliminary head-to-head results were carried over to the finals, so no teams met more than once. All preliminary groups and finals were played as round-robin tournaments . The results were as follows:
No. Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 + − = Points «A» Soviet Union - 4 3½ 4 3½ 4 4 4 7 0 0 27 «A» Philippines 0 - 2½ 1½ 3½ 3½ 4 4 5 2 0 19 «B» England ½ 1½ - 2 3½ 3½ 4 4 4 2 1 19 «B» Israel 0 2½ 2 - 3 3 4 4 5 1 1 18½ «C» Italy ½ ½ ½ 1 - 2 3 3 2 4 1 10½ «C» Portugal 0 ½ ½ 1 2 - 3 3 2 4 1 10 «D» Mexico 0 0 0 0 1 1 - 2½ 1 6 0 4½ «D» Cyprus 0 0 0 0 1 1 1½ - 0 7 0 3½
No. Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 + − = Points «A» Denmark - 2½ 2 2½ 2½ 3½ 3½ 5 0 1 16½ «A» United States 1½ - 2½ 2½ 3½ 3½ 3 5 1 0 16½ «B» Mongolia 2 1½ - 1 3½ 2½ 2½ 3 2 1 13 «B» Austria 1½ 1½ 3 - 1½ 2½ 2 2 3 1 12 «C» Australia 1½ ½ ½ 2½ - 1½ 3 2 4 0 9½ «C» Venezuela ½ ½ 1½ 1½ 2½ - 2½ 2 4 0 9 «D» France ½ 1 1½ 2 1 1½ - 0 5 1 7½
No. Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 + − = Points «A» Hungary - 3 2½ 3 3½ 3½ 3½ 3½ 7 0 0 22½ «A» Canada 1 - 2½ 2½ 3½ 3 3 4 6 1 0 19½ «B» Netherlands 1½ 1½ - 3½ 2½ 4 2½ 4 5 2 0 19½ «B» Belgium 1 1½ ½ - 2½ 3 3 4 4 3 0 15½ «C» Monaco ½ ½ 1½ 1½ - 1 3 3 2 5 0 11 «C» Ireland ½ 1 0 1 3 - 2 2½ 2 4 1 10 «D» Paraguay ½ 1 1½ 1 1 2 - 3 1 5 1 10 «D» Costa Rica ½ 0 0 0 1 1½ 1 - 0 7 0 4
No. Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 + − = Points «A» West Germany - 2 3½ 2½ 2½ 3½ 4 4 6 0 1 22 «A» Romania 2 - 3 2½ 2½ 2½ 3½ 4 6 0 1 20 «B» Switzerland ½ 1 - 3 3 3 3½ 4 5 2 0 18 «B» Brazil 1½ 1½ 1 - 2 3½ 3½ 4 3 3 1 17 «C» Norway 1½ 1½ 1 2 - 2 3 4 2 3 2 15 «C» Puerto Rico ½ 1½ 1 ½ 2 - 3 2½ 2 4 1 11 «D» Hong Kong 0 ½ ½ ½ 1 1 - 3 1 6 0 6½ «D» Lebanon 0 0 0 0 0 1½ 1 - 0 7 0 2½
No. Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 + − = Points «A» Bulgaria - 2½ 3 2½ 2½ 4 4 4 7 0 0 22½ «A» Czechoslovakia 1½ - 2 2½ 4 4 4 4 5 1 1 22 «B» Iceland 1 2 - 3½ 2 3 4 4 4 1 2 19½ «B» Cuba 1½ 1½ ½ - 2½ 3½ 3½ 4 4 3 0 17 «C» Tunisia 1½ 0 2 1½ - 1½ 2½ 4 2 4 1 13 «C» Turkey 0 0 1 ½ 2½ - 2½ 4 3 4 0 10½ «D» Singapore 0 0 0 ½ 1½ 1½ - 4 1 6 0 7½ «D» Andorra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 7 0 0
Final A # Country Players Points MP 1 Soviet Union Petrosian , Spassky , Korchnoi , Geller , Polugaevsky , Smyslov 39½ 2 Yugoslavia Gligorić , Ivkov , Matanović , Matulović , Parma , Čirić 31 3 Bulgaria Bobotsov , Tringov , Padevsky , Kolarov , Radulov , Peev 30 4 United States Reshevsky , Evans , Benko , R. Byrne , Lombardy , D. Byrne 29½ 5 West Germany Unzicker , Schmid , Darga , Pfleger , Hübner , Hecht 29 6 Hungary Portisch , Szabó , Bilek , Lengyel , Barcza , Csom 27½ 7 Argentina Najdorf , Panno , Sanguineti , Rossetto , Rubinetti , García 26 15 8 Romania Gheorghiu , Ciocâltea , Ghițescu , Drimer , Soós , Ungureanu 26 14 9 Czechoslovakia Hort , Filip , Smejkal , Jansa , Augustin , Janata 24½ 12 10 East Germany Uhlmann , Pietzsch , Zinn , Malich , Liebert , Hennings 24½ 11 11 Poland Kostro , Bednarski , Doda , Schmidt , Adamski , Grąbczewski 23 12 Denmark Larsen , Brinck-Claussen , Hamann , Holm , Petersen , Nørby 21 13 Canada Yanofsky , Suttles , Macskasy , Allan , Day , Schulman 19 14 Philippines Reyes , Balinas , De Castro , Naranja , Bandal , Rodríguez 13½
Final B # Country Players Points MP 15 Netherlands Donner , Ree , Langeweg , Bouwmeester , Kuijpers , Prins 33½ 16 England Penrose , Kottnauer , Clarke , Keene , Lee , Basman 33 17 Austria Dückstein , Prameshuber , Stoppel , Janetschek , Kinzel , Niedermayr 30½ 18 Israel Czerniak , Porat , Kraidman , Kagan , Domnitz , Peretz 30 19 Spain Pomar , Medina , Torán , Visier , Calvo , Palacios de la Prida 28½ 20 Cuba Jiménez , García Martínez , Cobo , Rodríguez Gonzáles , Ortega , Carlos Diaz 27 14 21 Switzerland Keller , Kupper , Blau , Bhend , Walther , Glauser 27 12 22 Iceland Jóhannsson , Sigurjónsson , Kristjánsson , Kristinsson , Thorsteinsson , Ásmundsson 26 23 Finland Westerinen , Ojanen , Havansi , Koskinen , Kajan , Venäläinen 24½ 24 Sweden Jansson , Nilsson , Johansson , Broström , Olsson , Sköld 22½ 25 Brazil Mecking , German , Câmara , Rocha , Miranda , Pinto Paiva 21½ 26 Belgium O'Kelly , Boey , Rooze , Cornelis , Beyen , Dunkelblum 20½ 27 Mongolia Üitümen , Myagmarsuren , Lhagva , Zorigt , Badamgarav G., Purevzhav 20 28 Scotland Fairhurst , Davie , McAlpine , Levy , Freeman , McKay 19½
Final C # Country Players Points MP 29 Australia Hamilton , Fuller , Koshnitsky , Flatow , Viner , Shaw 38 30 Norway Johannessen , Hoen , Svedenborg , Zwaig , Wibe , de Lange 36 31 Italy Giustolisi , Cappello , Zichichi , Primavera , Magrin , Romani 31½ 32 Venezuela Caro , Villarroel , Budowski , Schorr , Diaz , Robles 30 33 Turkey Süer , İbrahimoğlu , Uzman , Boysan , Bilyap , Külür 29½ 34 Greece Vizantiadis , Siaperas , Trikaliotis , Ornithopoulos , Kokkoris , Rizopoulos 28½ 35 Portugal Cordovil , Sardinha , Durão , Santos , Pereira 27½ 16 36 South Africa Friedgood , Kroon , Heyns , Morschel , Griffiths , Hangelbroek 27½ 14 37 Tunisia Belkadi , Bouaziz , Kchouk , Lagha , Ben Rehouma , Hentati 26 38 Ireland Heidenfeld , Littleton , Reilly , O'Riordan , McCurdy , De Loughrey 21 39 Luxembourg Feller , Philippe , Wantz , Dietrich , Schammo , Stull 20½ 40 Puerto Rico Kaplan , Buitrago , Colón Romero A. , Reissmann , Sacarello , Benítez 19½ 41 Morocco Bakali , Hadri , Kaderi , Nejjar , Soussi , Benabud 16 42 Monaco Casa , Weiss , Donné , Kostjoerin , Kann , Muziole 12½
Final D # Country Players Points MP 43 Singapore Tan , Ann , Seng , Kwee , Seng , On 32 44 France Boutteville , Letzelter , Huguet , Jean , Thiellement , Ferry 30 45 Paraguay Silva , Recalde , Prieto , Gonzáles , Cantero , Levy 27½ 46 Mexico Castro Aguilar , Winter Gallegos , Delgado , Flores Soto , Araiza , Terrazas 23½ 13 47 Dominican Republic Myers , Malagón A. , Malagón C. , Belliard Alonzo , Yabra , Andujar 23½ 12 48 Hong Kong Kazanski , Gibbs , Hardt , Hobson , Badilles 22½ 49 Costa Rica Rovira Mas , Van der Laat Ulloa , Wyss , Rojas , Quesada , Batres 14½ 50 Lebanon Salameh , Bedrossian , Galeb , Rizk , Cabbouche 13½ 51 Cyprus Constantinou , Kleopas , Avgousti , Lantsias , Cababe 13 52 United States Virgin Islands Hook , Hoyt , Roebuck , Edwards , Potter , Garrison 11 53 Andorra Jiménez , De la Casa , Corominas , Gómez Abad , Soler , Pantebre Martínez 9
Matches played in semi-finals are italicized. No. Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 + − = Points 1 Soviet Union - 2½ 3 3½ 2 3 2½ 3 3 3 4 4 2 4 11 0 2 39½ 2 Yugoslavia 1½ - 1½ 2 2 2½ 1½ 2½ 2½ 3 2½ 3 2½ 4 8 3 2 31 3 Bulgaria 1 2½ - 2 2 2½ 1½ 3½ 2½ 2½ 2½ 2 2 3½ 7 2 4 30 4 United States ½ 2 2 - 2½ 2½ 3 2½ 2½ 1½ 3 1½ 4 2 7 3 3 29½ 5 Germany 2 2 2 1½ - 2½ 3½ 2 1½ 2 2 2 2½ 3½ 4 2 7 29 6 Hungary 1 1½ 1½ 1½ 1½ - 2½ 2½ 2 2 3 3 3 2½ 6 5 2 27½ 7 Argentina 1½ 2½ 2½ 1 ½ 1½ - 2 2 2½ 2 2½ 3 2½ 6 4 3 26 8 Romania 1 1½ ½ 1½ 2 1½ 2 - 2½ 2½ 2½ 3 3 2½ 6 5 2 26 9 Czechoslovakia 1 1½ 1½ 1½ 2½ 2 2 1½ - 2½ ½ 3 2½ 2½ 5 6 2 24½ 10 East Germany 1 1 1½ 2½ 2 2 1½ 1½ 1½ - 2 2½ 2½ 3 4 6 3 24½ 11 Poland 0 1½ 1½ 1 2 1 2 1½ 3½ 2 - 1½ 3 2½ 3 7 3 23 12 Denmark 0 1 2 2½ 2 1 1½ 1 1 1½ 2½ - 2½ 2½ 4 7 2 21 13 Canada 2 1½ 2 0 1½ 1 1 1 1½ 1½ 1 1½ - 3½ 1 10 2 19 14 Philippines 0 0 ½ 2 ½ 1½ 1½ 1½ 1½ 1 1½ 1½ ½ - 0 12 1 13½
Matches played in semi-finals are italicized. No. Country 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 + − = Points 15 Netherlands - 3 2½ 2 2 1½ 2 2½ 3½ 2½ 3½ 3½ 2½ 2½ 9 1 3 33½ 16 England 1 - 2 2 2½ 3½ 1½ 2½ 2½ 3 3 3 3½ 3 9 2 2 33 17 Austria 1½ 2 - ½ 3 2 3 3 2½ 2 3 2 3 3 7 2 4 30½ 18 Israel 2 2 3½ - 2 2½ 2 2 2½ 2 2 2 2½ 3 5 0 8 30 19 Spain 2 1½ 1 2 - 2 2½ 3 2 2½ 1½ 3 3 2½ 6 3 4 28½ 20 Cuba 2½ ½ 2 1½ 2 - 1 ½ 2 3½ 3½ 3 2 3 5 4 4 27 21 Switzerland 2 2½ 1 2 1½ 3 - 1½ 1½ 1 3 2 4 2 4 5 4 27 22 Iceland 1½ 1½ 1 2 1 3½ 2½ - 1½ 2 2 3 2½ 2 4 5 4 26 23 Finland ½ 1½ 1½ 1½ 2 2 2½ 2½ - 2½ 2 1½ 1 3½ 4 6 3 24½ 24 Sweden 1½ 1 2 2 1½ ½ 3 2 1½ - 1 1½ 3 2 2 7 4 22½ 25 Brazil ½ 1 1 2 2½ ½ 1 2 2 3 - 2½ 1½ 2 3 6 4 21½ 26 Belgium ½ 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2½ 2½ 1½ - 1 2½ 3 7 3 20½ 27 Mongolia 1½ ½ 1 1½ 1 2 0 1½ 3 1 2½ 3 - 1½ 3 9 1 20 28 Scotland 1½ 1 1 1 1½ 1 2 2 ½ 2 2 1½ 2½ - 1 8 4 19½
Matches played in semi-finals are italicized. No. Country 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 + − = Points 29 Australia - 3 2 1½ 1½ 3½ 3½ 2½ 3 3½ 3½ 4 3 3½ 10 2 1 38 30 Norway 1 - 2 2 2 3 4 4 1 3 4 2 4 4 7 2 4 36 31 Italy 2 2 - 1½ 2½ 3 2 2½ 3 2½ 2 1½ 4 3 7 2 4 31½ 32 Venezuela 2½ 2 2½ - 2½ 1½ 1 1 2 4 3 2 3 3 7 3 3 30 33 Turkey 2½ 2 1½ 1½ - 2 1½ 2 2½ 1 2½ 3½ 3½ 3½ 6 4 3 29½ 34 Greece ½ 1 1 2½ 2 - 1 3½ 1½ 3 2½ 3 4 3 7 5 1 28½ 35 Portugal ½ 0 2 3 2½ 3 - 1 1½ 2½ 2 3 3 3½ 7 4 2 27½ 36 South Africa 1½ 0 1½ 3 2 ½ 3 - 4 2 2½ 3 1 3½ 6 5 2 27½ 37 Tunisia 1 3 1 2 1½ 2½ 2½ 0 - 3 2½ 2 2½ 2½ 7 4 2 26 38 Ireland ½ 1 1½ 0 3 1 1½ 2 1 - 2 2 2½ 3 3 7 3 21 39 Luxembourg ½ 0 2 1 1½ 1½ 2 1½ 1½ 2 - 2½ 2 2½ 2 7 4 20½ 40 Puerto Rico 0 2 2½ 2 ½ 1 1 1 2 2 1½ - 2 2 1 6 6 19½ 41 Morocco 1 0 0 1 ½ 0 1 3 1½ 1½ 2 2 - 2½ 2 9 2 16 42 Monaco ½ 0 1 1 ½ 1 ½ ½ 1½ 1 1½ 2 1½ - 0 12 1 12½
Matches played in semi-finals are italicized. No. Country 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 + − = Points 43 Singapore - 1½ 2 3 4 2½ 4 4 3 4 4 8 1 1 32 44 France 2½ - 1½ 1½ 3 3½ 3½ 3½ 3 4 4 8 2 0 30 45 Paraguay 2 2½ - 2½ 1½ 2 3 3½ 3 4 3½ 7 1 2 27½ 46 Mexico 1 2½ 1½ - 2½ 1½ 2 3½ 2½ 3 3½ 6 3 1 23½ 47 Dominican Republic 0 1 2½ 1½ - 3 3 1½ 3½ 3½ 4 6 4 0 23½ 48 Hong Kong 1½ ½ 2 2½ 1 - 3½ 3 2½ 2 4 5 3 2 22½ 49 Costa Rica 0 ½ 1 2 1 ½ - 2½ 2 3 2 2 5 3 14½ 50 Lebanon 0 ½ ½ ½ 2½ 1 1½ - 2½ 3 1½ 3 7 0 13½ 51 Cyprus 1 1 1 1½ ½ 1½ 2 1½ - ½ 2½ 1 8 1 13 52 United States Virgin Islands 0 0 0 1 ½ 2 1 1 3½ - 2 1 7 2 11 53 Andorra 0 0 ½ ½ 0 0 2 2½ 1½ 2 - 1 7 2 9
^ Although commonly referred to as the men's division , this section is open to both male and female players.
Official Unofficial Women's only Paralympiad Online