1990 Venda coup d'état

1990 Venda coup d'état
	Map of Venda (red) within South Africa.
Date	5 April 1990; 34 years ago
Location	Thohoyandou
Type	Military coup
Motive	Regime change
Target	NPV–led government of Frank Ravele
Organised by	Gabriel Ramushwana
Participants	Venda Defence Force (faction)
Outcome	Coup succeeds The overthrow of government of President Ravele.; The establishment of military rule under the Council of National Unity headed by Colonel Ramushwana.;

The 1990 Venda coup d'état was a bloodless military coup in Venda, an unrecognised state and a nominally independent South African homeland for the Venda people, which took place on 5 April 1990. The coup was led by the then 48-year-old Colonel Gabriel Ramushwana, the Chief of Staff of the Venda Defence Force, against the government of President Frank Ravele (NPV).^[1]

Ramushwana's military government stayed in power until January 1994,^[2]^[3] several months before the reunification of Venda with South Africa after the first post-apartheid general election.^[4]

References

^ "Security forces stage coup in S. African homeland". UPI Archives. 5 April 1990. Archived from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
^ Who's who of Southern Africa. 1994. ISBN 9780958390217. Archived from the original on 2 May 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
^ "Jacaranda FM - Former army general dies". www.jacarandafm.com. Archived from the original on 13 January 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
^ All Bantustans (both nominally independent and self-governing) were dismantled and their territories reincorporated into South Africa with effect from 27 April 1994, in terms of section 1(2) and Schedule 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993, the so-called "Interim Constitution" which abolished apartheid in South Africa. The text of this Interim Constitution, which came into force on 27 April 1994, coinciding with the beginning of the first democratic elections, is available online at Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993 as of 27 April 1994.

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Map of Venda (red) within South Africa.
Date	5 April 1990; 34 years ago (1990-04-05)
Location	Thohoyandou
Type	Military coup
Motive	Regime change
Target	NPV–led government of Frank Ravele
Organised by	Gabriel Ramushwana
Participants	Venda Defence Force (faction)
Outcome	Coup succeeds The overthrow of government of President Ravele. The establishment of military rule under the Council of National Unity headed by Colonel Ramushwana.