2020 Chinese census

Seventh National Population Census
← 2010 1 November 2020
General information
CountryChina
Results
Total population1,411,778,724 (Increase 5.4%)
Most populous provinceGuangdong[1]
Least populous provinceTibet Autonomous Region

The Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (Chinese: 第七次全国人口普查; pinyin: Dì Qī Cì Quánguó Rénkǒu Pǔchá), also referred to as the 2020 Chinese Census, was the seventh national census conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China.[2] Census work began on November 1, 2020,[3] and continued through December 10, 2020, involving seven million census workers.[4]

A slogan urging people to participate in the census, "Dàguó Diǎnmíng, Méi Nǐ Bùxíng" (大国点名没你不行, literally "a great nation calls the roll, it doesn't work without you") in Suzhou, Jiangsu, China

The 2020 Chinese census covers all Chinese citizens living in mainland China, as well as those living abroad on temporary visas. Foreigners who live in the mainland for more than six months are also recorded in the data.[5]

The preliminary results were released on May 11, 2021, with a news conference being held on the same day.[6][7] The release was originally planned to be in early April, but was delayed by a month.[8]

Census result

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The population of mainland China was 1,411,778,724[9] as of 1 November 2020.[10] In addition, Hong Kong's population was 7,474,200 (provided by the Hong Kong SAR Government at the end of 2020) and Macau's population was 683,218 (provided by the Macau SAR Government at the end of 2020).

Population comparison table by provincial-level administrative unit
Region Resident population[note 1] Sex Age Education
Population Proportion (%) Male (%) Female (%) 0 to 14 (%) 15 to 59 (%) 60 and above (%) 65 and above (%) College (%) High school (%) Middle school (%) Elementary school (%)
Mainland China 1,411,778,724 100 51.24 48.76 17.95 63.35 18.70 13.50 15.47 15.09 34.51 24.77
Beijing 21,893,095 1.55 51.14 48.86 11.84 68.53 19.63 13.30 41.98 17.59 23.29 10.50
Tianjin 13,866,009 0.98 51.53 48.47 13.47 64.87 21.66 14.75 26.94 17.72 32.29 16.12
Hebei 74,610,235 5.28 50.50 49.50 20.22 59.92 19.85 13.92 12.42 13.86 39.95 24.66
Shanxi 34,915,616 2.47 50.99 49.01 16.35 64.72 18.92 12.90 17.36 16.49 38.95 19.51
Inner Mongolia 24,049,155 1.70 51.04 48.96 14.04 66.17 19.78 13.05 18.69 14.81 33.86 23.63
Liaoning 42,591,407 3.02 49.92 50.08 11.12 63.16 25.72 17.42 18.22 14.67 42.80 18.89
Jilin 24,073,453 1.71 49.92 50.08 11.71 65.23 23.06 17.42 16.74 17.08 38.23 22.32
Heilongjiang 31,850,088 2.26 50.09 49.91 10.32 66.46 23.22 15.61 14.79 15.53 42.79 21.86
Shanghai 24,870,895 1.76 51.77 48.23 9.80 66.82 23.38 16.28 33.87 19.02 28.94 11.93
Jiangsu 84,748,016 6.00 50.78 49.22 15.21 62.95 21.84 16.20 18.66 16.19 33.31 22.74
Zhejiang 64,567,588 4.57 52.16 47.84 13.45 67.86 18.70 13.27 16.99 14.56 32.71 26.38
Anhui 61,027,171 4.32 50.97 49.03 19.24 61.96 18.79 15.01 13.28 13.29 33.72 26.88
Fujian 41,540,086 2.94 51.68 48.32 19.32 64.70 15.98 11.10 14.15 14.21 32.22 28.03
Jiangxi 45,188,635 3.20 51.60 48.40 21.96 61.17 16.87 11.89 11.90 15.15 35.50 27.51
Shandong 101,527,453 7.19 50.66 49.34 18.78 60.32 20.90 15.13 14.38 14.33 35.78 23.69
Henan 99,365,519 7.04 50.15 49.85 23.14 58.79 18.08 13.49 11.74 15.24 37.52 24.56
Hubei 57,752,557 4.09 51.42 48.58 16.31 63.26 20.42 14.59 15.50 17.43 34.28 23.52
Hunan 66,444,864 4.71 51.16 48.84 19.52 60.60 19.88 14.81 12.24 17.78 35.64 25.21
Guangdong 126,012,510 8.93 53.07 46.93 18.85 68.80 12.35 8.58 15.70 18.22 35.48 20.68
Guangxi 50,126,804 3.55 51.70 48.30 23.63 59.69 16.69 12.20 10.81 12.96 36.39 27.86
Hainan 10,081,232 0.71 53.02 46.98 19.97 65.38 14.65 10.43 13.92 15.56 40.17 19.70
Chongqing 32,054,159 2.27 50.55 49.45 15.91 62.22 21.87 17.08 15.41 15.96 30.58 29.89
Sichuan 83,674,866 5.93 50.54 49.46 16.10 62.19 21.71 16.93 13.27 13.30 31.44 31.32
Guizhou 38,562,148 2.73 51.10 48.90 23.97 60.65 15.38 11.56 10.95 9.95 30.46 31.92
Yunnan 47,209,277 3.34 51.73 48.27 19.57 65.52 14.91 10.75 11.60 10.34 29.24 35.67
Tibet 3,648,100 0.26 52.45 47.55 24.53 66.95 8.52 5.67 11.02 7.05 15.76 32.11
Shaanxi 39,528,999 2.80 51.17 48.83 17.33 63.46 19.20 13.32 18.40 15.58 33.98 21.69
Gansu 25,019,831 1.77 50.76 49.24 19.40 63.57 17.03 12.58 14.51 12.94 27.42 29.81
Qinghai 5,923,957 0.42 51.21 48.79 20.81 67.04 12.14 8.68 14.88 10.57 24.34 32.73
Ningxia 7,202,654 0.51 50.94 49.06 20.38 66.09 13.52 9.62 17.34 13.43 29.72 26.11
Xinjiang 25,852,345 1.83 51.66 48.34 22.46 66.26 11.28 7.76 16.54 13.21 31.56 28.41

Immigrants

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According to the census, China has 1,430,695 immigrants, dividing between 845,697 foreign nationals and 584,998 residents of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.[11]

Background

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Average annual population growth rates in provincial-level administrative units between 2010 and 2020 according to the Chinese National Bureau of Statistics

In October 2015, China scrapped the one-child policy in the hope of boosting the number of births.[12][13] In 2016, China set a target of increasing its population to about 1.42 billion by 2020, from 1.34 billion in 2010.[14]

After the relaxation of the one-child policy, 17.9 million babies were born in 2016, an increase of 1.3 million over the previous year, but only half of what was expected.[15] In 2017, the birth rate fell to 17.2 million, far below the official forecast of more than 20 million.[15] It is possible that the Chinese government will further relax its fertility policy in the future.[16]

On November 2, 2020, Chinese Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping answered census workers' questions in Beijing.[4]

The 2020 census showed that the gender ratio of mainland China has improved, with the male-to-female ratio reaching a new record low of 105.07.[17] This is the most balanced gender ration since the People's Republic of China began conducting censuses in 1953.[18]

Revisions

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On April 27, 2021, the Financial Times reported that according to some sources who know the data of the seventh census, Chinese population in 2020 did not meet 1.4 billion.[19] Chinese state media say that Chinese mainland population in 2019 was 1.40005 billion.[20][21][22] If true, this would indicate the first population decline since the Great Leap Forward.[23]

On April 28, 2021, Bloomberg News, quoting the Chinese state media outlet the Global Times, reported that it is unlikely there would be a drop in the total population in the 2020 census, citing a comment by Lu Jiehua, a professor at Peking University. Still, it was reported that China's population may peak in 2022, which is much earlier than previously estimated.[24]

In May 2021, the National Bureau of Statistics of China released a report revising the data for the previous 10 years before the 2020 census. They announced that there were about 10 million more births between 2011 and 2019 than previously thought. That means there were actually more births before Beijing ended one-child policy in 2016.[25]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ The resident population includes: anyone who lives in a township and has a household registration in the township or their registration is to be determined; anyone who lives in a township and has been away from the township where their household is registered for more than six months; anyone who has an account in a township and has been away for less than six months or who is working and studying outside the country.

References

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  1. ^ "Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3)". National Bureau of Statistics of China. May 11, 2021. Archived from the original on May 11, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
  2. ^ "China to launch 7th national population census on Nov 1". State Council of the People's Republic of China. September 20, 2020. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
  3. ^ James Griffiths (September 20, 2020). "China prepares to count 1.3 billion people as date for new population census announced". CNN. Archived from the original on September 21, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
  4. ^ a b Mo Jingxi; Wang Xiaodong (November 3, 2020). "President: Good census work serves high-quality growth". China Daily. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
  5. ^ "Explainer What is China's 2020 census, and why is it important?". Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  6. ^ "国新办将举行第七次全国人口普查主要数据结果发布会". May 9, 2021. Archived from the original on May 12, 2021. Retrieved May 9, 2021.
  7. ^ "Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 1)". National Bureau of Statistics of China. May 11, 2021. Archived from the original on May 11, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
  8. ^ "国家统计局：第七次全国人口普查数据4月上旬公布". March 15, 2021. Archived from the original on May 9, 2021. Retrieved May 9, 2021.
  9. ^ "Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 2)". National Bureau of Statistics of China. May 11, 2021. Archived from the original on May 11, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
  10. ^ "China's census shows population growth slowed". CNBC. Archived from the original on May 12, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  11. ^ Bickenbach, Frank; Liu, Wan-Hsin (2022). "Goodbye China: What Do Fewer Foreigners Mean for Multinationals and the Chinese Economy?". Intereconomics.
  12. ^ "China's census could point to a looming demographic slide". Reuters. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  13. ^ "China's census expected to show population decline, spur debate on key policy issues". Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  14. ^ "China demographic crisis looms as population growth slips to slowest ever". Reuters. May 11, 2021. Archived from the original on May 12, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
  15. ^ a b Haas, Benjamin (August 28, 2018). "China could scrap two-child policy, ending nearly 40 years of limits". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on April 29, 2021. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
  16. ^ Haas, Benjamin (August 28, 2018). "China could scrap two-child policy, ending nearly 40 years of limits". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on April 29, 2021. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
  17. ^ "China's latest census reports more balanced gender ratio - Xinhua | English.news.cn". July 5, 2022. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  18. ^ "China's latest census reports more balanced gender ratio - Xinhua | English.news.cn". July 5, 2022. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  19. ^ "China seeks to douse speculation of shrinking population". Reuters. Archived from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  20. ^ "China's mainland population crosses 1.4 billion". January 17, 2020. Archived from the original on May 9, 2021. Retrieved May 9, 2021. The total population on the Chinese mainland surpassed 1.4 billion at the end of 2019, official data showed Friday. The total population on the mainland reached 1.40005 billion at the end of last year
  21. ^ "2019年末大陆总人口140005万 比上年末增加467万". January 17, 2020. Archived from the original on February 2, 2020. Retrieved May 9, 2021.
  22. ^ "China's population tops 1.4 billion". XINHUANET. January 17, 2020. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  23. ^ "China set to report first population decline in five decades". Financial Times. April 27, 2021. Archived from the original on May 9, 2021. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  24. ^ Hancock, Tom (April 28, 2021). "China's Population May Peak Next Year, State Media Says". Bloomberg News. Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on April 29, 2021. Retrieved April 29, 2021.
  25. ^ Kawate, Iori (June 3, 2021). "China revises upward population data for past 10 years: Sampling errors led to underestimates in number of births, authorities say". Nikkei Asia. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
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