2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Colombia

2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Colombia
Confirmed and suspected cases by department.
DiseaseMpox
Virus strainMonkeypox virus
(West African clade)
LocationColombia
Index caseBogotá
Arrival dateJune 23, 2022 (2022-06-23)–present (2 years, 5 months, 3 weeks and 2 days)[1]
DateAs of 15 August 2022
Confirmed cases938[2]
Recovered41
Government website
National Health Institute Page (in Spanish)

The 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Colombia is a part of the outbreak of human mpox caused by the West African clade of the monkeypox virus. The outbreak reached Colombia on 23 June 2022.[1]

Background

[edit]
These paragraphs are an excerpt from Mpox and 2022–2023 mpox outbreak.

Mpox (/ˈɛmpɒks/, EM-poks; formerly known as monkeypox)[3] is an infectious viral disease that can occur in humans and other animals. Symptoms include a rash that forms blisters and then crusts over, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. The illness is usually mild, and most infected individuals recover within a few weeks without treatment. The time from exposure to the onset of symptoms ranges from three to seventeen days, and symptoms typically last from two to four weeks. However, cases may be severe, especially in children, pregnant women, or people with suppressed immune systems.[4][5][6]

The disease is caused by the monkeypox virus, a zoonotic virus in the genus Orthopoxvirus. The variola virus, which causes smallpox, is also in this genus.[7] Human-to-human transmission can occur through direct contact with infected skin or body fluids, including sexual contact.[7] People remain infectious from the onset of symptoms until all the lesions have scabbed and healed.[4] The virus may spread from infected animals through handling infected meat or via bites or scratches.[4] Diagnosis can be confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing a lesion for the virus's DNA.[7]

Vaccination is recommended for those at high risk of infection.[7] No vaccine has been developed specifically against mpox, but smallpox vaccines have been found to be effective.[8] There is no specific treatment for the disease, so the aim of treatment is to manage the symptoms and prevent complications.[7][9] Antiviral drugs such as tecovirimat can be used to treat mpox,[7] although their effectiveness has not been proved.[10]

In May 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) made an emergency announcement of the existence of a multi-country outbreak of mpox, a viral disease then commonly known as "monkeypox".[11] The initial cluster of cases was found in the United Kingdom,[12] where the first case was detected in London on 6 May 2022[13] in a patient with a recent travel history from Nigeria where the disease has been endemic.[14] On 16 May, the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) confirmed four new cases with no link to travel to a country where mpox is endemic.[13] Subsequently, cases have been reported from many countries and regions.[15] The outbreak marked the first time mpox had spread widely outside Central and West Africa. The disease had been circulating and evolving in human hosts over several years before the outbreak and was caused by the clade IIb variant of the virus.[16]

On 23 July 2022, the Director-General of WHO, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), stating that "we have an outbreak that has spread around the world rapidly, through new modes of transmission, about which we understand too little".[17] A global response to the outbreak included public awareness campaigns in order to reduce spread of the disease, and repurposing of smallpox vaccines.[18][19]

History

[edit]

May 2022

[edit]

As of May, the Colombian Ministry of Health was taking follow-up and control measures. The Director of Epidemiology and Demography of the Ministry of Health, Claudia Cuellar, informed the Colombian population about how mpox is spread through people, and she spoke about the clinical presentation of the virus and international health regulations.[20] Health authorities in the Department of Norte de Santander have been on alert, since the department is a border area where people pass between Colombia and Venezuela.[21]

June 2022

[edit]

On June 23, 2022, the Colombian Ministry of Health confirmed three cases of mpox, specifically two in the city of Bogotá and one in Medellín.[22] The two cases reported in Bogota were of people who had traveled to Europe.[23] The first case identified in Medellin was a person who had been infected while traveling to the European city of Barcelona in Spain.[24]

July 2022

[edit]

On July 8, the National Institute of Health confirmed a new case of the disease in Bogota from a person who had been in contact with an infected person from Italy when they had traveled to Europe.[25] On July 23, following the follow-up of several cases, health authorities began an extensive surveillance phase.[26] On the same day, the National Institute of Health confirmed that the number of cases in the country reached 10.[27] On July 25, the first case of a person who had been in Argentina was reported in the department of Cundinamarca, specifically in the municipality of Cajicá.[28] On July 29, the first case was detected in Pereira, capital of the department of Risaralda.[29] On July 30, the National Institute of Health confirmed the first case in the department of Valle del Cauca, specifically in the city of Cartago located in the north of the department.[30]

August 2022

[edit]

On August 1, the Mayor's Office of Cali City opened a hotline to receive information when a person reports suspected cases of this disease.[31] On August 3, the first case was confirmed in the Department of La Guajira of a man who had traveled to Bogotá.[32] The case was detected in the municipality of Albania, which is located in the center of the department.[33] After the first case was detected in La Guajira, health authorities in the neighboring department of Cesar increased their alert. The department's health secretary, Guillermo Girón, indicated that prevention measures should be increased due to the proximity to La Guajira.[34] On August 4, the first case was confirmed in the city of Bucaramanga, capital of the department of Santander.[35] On the same day, the first case was registered in the department of Tolima, specifically in the capital city of Ibagué, of a person who had traveled to the United States.[36] On August 5, the first case was confirmed in the capital of the department of Bolívar, Cartagena.[37] On August 11, the first case of this disease was detected in Popayán, capital of the Cauca department.[38] On August 12, the first case of mpox in Riohacha, capital of La Guajira, was confirmed.[39] On August 15, the first case was confirmed in the city of Cúcuta, capital of the department of Norte de Santander, in a man who had traveled to Mexico and the United States.[40] On the same day, the first case was reported in Barranquilla, capital city of the Atlántico department.[41] On August 16, the first case was reported in Cali, capital city of the Valle del Cauca department.[42] On August 17, the first case was confirmed in the capital of the department of Quindío, Armenia.[43] On August 20, the first case was reported in the city of Villavicencio, capital of the Meta department.[44] On August 31, the José María Córdova airport carried out the first simulation in the country in order to deal with contagions of the disease.[45] On August 26, the first one was confirmed in the department of Sucre, specifically in the municipality of Tolú in the western part of the department.[46] On August 29, the first case was confirmed in Tunja, capital of the department of Boyacá.[47]

September 2022

[edit]

On September 7, the health authorities of the department of Cesar confirmed the first case in the department, specifically in Valledupar.[48] On September 9, the first case was confirmed in the capital of Putumayo, Mocoa, according to Adriana Medicis, health secretary of the departmental government, explained that the case was a person residing in Mocoa.[49] Also on the same day, the first case was confirmed in the city of Neiva, the capital of the Huila department.[50]

Vaccination

[edit]

In August 2022, the Colombian government requested from the Pan American Health Organization the vaccines to immunize the country's population.[51][52] Doctor Gina Tambini, who is Colombia's representative for both the World Health Organization and the Pan American Health Organization, explained about the vaccination scheme that will be implemented in the country, which will first prioritize people who have presented symptoms of the disease or have been close to positive cases.[53]

Cumulative Case Progress

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Confirmed new cases per day

[edit]

Recoreved per day

[edit]

By department

[edit]
2022–2023 mpox outbreak by department
Region INS[54] Press sources
Cases Cases Ref(s).
Colombia Colombia 938 933 —
Antioquia Department Antioquía 125 125[a] [55][56][57][58][59][60][61]
Atlántico Department Atlántico 7 7[b] [62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69]
Bogotá Bogotá 697 697 [70][71][72][73][2][61]
Boyacá Department Boyacá 1 1[c] [74]
Bolívar Department Bolívar 6 8[d] [75][76][77][37]
Caldas Department Caldas 2 2[e] [78][79]
Cauca Department Cauca 2 2[f] [57][38]
Cesar Department Cesar — 2[g] [80][81]
Cundinamarca Department Cundinamarca 21 21[h] [82][57][61]
Huila Department Huila 1 1[i] [50]
La Guajira Department La Guajira 2 2[j] [39][61]
Magdalena Department Magdalena 2 2[k] [83][84]
Meta Department Meta 3 2[l] [85][86]
Norte de Santander Department Norte de Santander 1 1[m] [87]
Quindío Department Quindío 2 2[n] [88][89]
Putumayo Department Putumayo — 1[o] [90]
Risaralda Department Risaralda 6 6[p] [91][92][93][57][94][61]
Santander Department Santander 8 8[q] [95][96][97][98][61]
Sucre Department Sucre 1 1[r] [99]
Tolima Department Tolima 14 14[s] [100][101][102][103][104][61]
Valle del Cauca Department Valle del Cauca 37 26[t] [105][106][107][108][61]
Updated: September 11, 2022
  1. ^ 86 in Medellín and cases in Bello, Caldas, Copacabana, El Carmen de Viboral, Envigado, Girardota, Guarne, La Ceja y Sabaneta
  2. ^ 5 in Barranquilla, 1 in Soledad & 1 in Malambo
  3. ^ One in Tunja
  4. ^ 7 in Cartagena & 1 in Turbaco
  5. ^ 2 in Manizales
  6. ^ One in Popayán
  7. ^ 2 in Valledupar
  8. ^ One in Cajicá
  9. ^ One in Neiva
  10. ^ 1 in Riohacha & 1 in Albania
  11. ^ 1 in Santa Marta & 1 in Fundación
  12. ^ Two in Villavicencio
  13. ^ One in Cúcuta
  14. ^ One in Armenia
  15. ^ One in Mocoa
  16. ^ 6 in Pereira
  17. ^ 7 in Bucaramanga and 1 in Girón
  18. ^ One in Tolú
  19. ^ All confirmed cases are in Ibagué
  20. ^ 19 in Cali and 7 in other parts of the department

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Minsalud e INS confirman tres casos de viruela símica en Colombia". Colombian Ministry of Health and Social Protection (in Spanish). 2022-06-23. Retrieved 2022-08-06.
  2. ^ a b "La viruela del mono no para: van 938 casos en Colombia". El Colombiano (in Spanish). 5 September 2022. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
  3. ^ "WHO recommends new name for monkeypox disease" (Press release). World Health Organization (WHO). 28 November 2022. Archived from the original on 1 December 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  4. ^ a b c "Mpox". World Health Organization (WHO). 17 August 2024. Archived from the original on 19 August 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
  5. ^ "WHO Factsheet – Mpox (Monkeypox)". World Health Organization (WHO). 18 April 2023. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  6. ^ "Mpox Symptoms". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 15 March 2024. Archived from the original on 2 April 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
  7. ^ a b c d e f "WHO Factsheet – Mpox (Monkeypox)". World Health Organization (WHO). 18 April 2023. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  8. ^ Christodoulidou MM, Mabbott NA (1 January 2023). "Efficacy of smallpox vaccines against Mpox infections in humans". Immunotherapy Advances. 3 (1): ltad020. doi:10.1093/immadv/ltad020. PMC 10598838. PMID 37886620.
  9. ^ "Mpox (formerly Monkeypox)". NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. 6 December 2022. Archived from the original on 23 May 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
  10. ^ "Patient's Guide to Mpox Treatment with Tecovirimat (TPOXX)". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 28 November 2022. Archived from the original on 24 May 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
  11. ^ "Multi-country monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries". World Health Organization. 21 May 2022. Archived from the original on 22 May 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
  12. ^ "So, Have You Heard About Monkeypox?". The Atlantic. 19 May 2022. Archived from the original on 23 June 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  13. ^ a b "Monkeypox cases confirmed in England – latest updates". GOV.UK. 6 September 2022. Archived from the original on 16 May 2022. Retrieved 2022-09-25.
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  15. ^ "2022 Mpox Outbreak Global Map | Mpox | Poxvirus | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2023-09-12. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 2023-12-01.
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  18. ^ "Monkeypox – Campaign details". Department of Health and Social Care – Campaign Resource Centre. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 2023-05-28.
  19. ^ "Protecting you from mpox (monkeypox): information on the smallpox vaccination". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 2023-05-28.
  20. ^ Ibarguen, Yorely (2022-05-23). "Viruela del mono: Colombia se declara en riesgo moderado por la propagación". Caracol Radio (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-07.
  21. ^ "Alerta en Norte de Santander por la viruela del mono". La Opinión (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-07.
  22. ^ Torres, Sebastián (2022-06-24). "Viruela del mono circula en Colombia: autoridades confirman tres casos". El Colombiano (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-07.
  23. ^ "MinSalud confirmó tres casos de viruela del mono en Colombia". Infobae (in Spanish). 24 June 2022. Retrieved 2022-08-07.
  24. ^ "Hombre procedente de Barcelona es el caso de la viruela del mono en Medellín". Blu Radio (in Spanish). 2022-06-24. Retrieved 2022-08-07.
  25. ^ "Reportan nuevo caso de viruela del mono en Colombia". El Espectador. 2022-07-08. Retrieved 2022-08-06.
  26. ^ "Colombia está en 'fase de contención' de la viruela del mono". Portafolio.co (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-07.
  27. ^ "Anuncian refuerzo de medidas para afrontar el brote de la viruela del mono en Colombia". El País (in Spanish). 23 July 2022. Retrieved 2022-08-07.
  28. ^ "Reportan el primer caso de viruela del mono en Cundinamarca". Infobae (in Spanish). 25 July 2022. Retrieved 2022-08-07.
  29. ^ Correa, Kimberly López (2022-07-29). "Autoridades de salud confirman primer caso de viruela del mono en Pereira". W Radio (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-07.
  30. ^ "Alerta por primer caso de viruela del mono en el Valle: se detectó en Cartago". El Tiempo (in Spanish). 2022-07-30. Retrieved 2022-08-07.
  31. ^ "¿Tiene síntomas? La línea en Cali donde puede reportar si sospecha que tiene viruela del mono". El País (in Spanish). August 2022. Retrieved 2022-08-07.
  32. ^ Guerrero, Sandra (2022-08-03). "Confirman caso de viruela del mono en La Guajira". El Heraldo (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-07.
  33. ^ Alvarado, Johnner (2022-08-03). "Confirman primer caso de la viruela del mono en La Guajira; hay alerta en el departamento". Blu Radio (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-07.
  34. ^ Barrios, Miguel (5 August 2022). "Alerta en Cesar por primer caso de viruela del mono en La Guajira". El Heraldo (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-07.
  35. ^ Peréz, Ingrid; Sánchez, Arley (2022-08-04). "Confirman primer caso de viruela del mono en Santander". Vanguardia (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-07.
  36. ^ Robayo, Francy (2022-08-05). "Primer caso de la viruela del mono se reporta en Ibagué". Caracol Radio (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-07.
  37. ^ a b "¡Atención! Cartagena registra primer caso de viruela del mono". El Universal (in Spanish). 2022-08-05. Retrieved 2022-08-13.
  38. ^ a b "Detectan primer caso de viruela del mono en Popayán". Diario Occidente (in Spanish). 2022-08-12. Retrieved 2022-08-13.
  39. ^ a b Barrios, Evelin (2022-08-12). "Viruela del mono: Confirman segundo caso en La Guajira". La FM (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-13.
  40. ^ "Confirman primer caso de viruela del mono en Norte de Santander". La Opinión (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-17.
  41. ^ "Confirman primer caso de la viruela del mono o símica en Barranquilla". El Tiempo (in Spanish). 2022-08-15. Retrieved 2022-08-17.
  42. ^ "Secretaría de Salud de Cali confirmó el primer caso de viruela del mono en la ciudad". El País (in Spanish). 16 August 2022. Retrieved 2022-08-17.
  43. ^ "¿Llegó la viruela del mono al departamento del Quindío?". Caracol Radio (in Spanish). 2022-08-16. Retrieved 2022-08-17.
  44. ^ López, Paola. "Reportan primer caso de la viruela del mono en el Meta". Radio Nacional de Colombia. Retrieved 2022-09-01.
  45. ^ "Aeropuerto José María Córdova realizó el primer simulacro del país para atender contagio de viruela símica | Hora 13 Noticias". Hora 13 Noticias (in Spanish). 2022-08-31. Retrieved 2022-09-01.
  46. ^ "Viruela del mono: confirman el primer caso en Sucre". El Tiempo (in Spanish). 2022-08-26. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
  47. ^ "Confirman el primer caso de viruela del mono en Boyacá". Caracol Radio (in Spanish). 2022-08-29. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
  48. ^ Barrios, Miguel (7 September 2022). "Confirman primer caso de viruela símica en Valledupar". El Heraldo (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-09-11.
  49. ^ "Confirman el primer caso de viruela del mono en Putumayo". Caracol Radio (in Spanish). 2022-09-09. Retrieved 2022-09-11.
  50. ^ a b "Confirman primer caso de Viruela del Mono en el Huila". Caracol Radio (in Spanish). 2022-09-02. Retrieved 2022-09-11.
  51. ^ "Colombia recibirá vacunas contra viruela mono - redmas". Redmas Noticias (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-14.
  52. ^ "Así será la vacunación de la viruela del mono en Colombia". Canal Institucional (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-14.
  53. ^ "Viruela del mono: Colombia recibirá vacunas ¿a quiénes se les aplicará?". Caracol Radio (in Spanish). 2022-08-10. Retrieved 2022-08-14.
  54. ^ "Enfermedades Emergentes". Instituto Nacional de Salud de Colombia (in Spanish).
  55. ^ "Tres nuevos casos de la viruela del mono en Antioquia; todos en el oriente". Blu Radio (in Spanish). 2022-09-07. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
  56. ^ "Viruela del mono llegó a once pueblos de Antioquia". Semana (in Spanish). 2022-09-07. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
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  59. ^ "Antioquia tiene nueve casos de la Viruela del Mono | Hora 13 Noticias". Hora 13 Noticias (in Spanish). 2022-08-12. Retrieved 2022-08-13.
  60. ^ Vásquez, Duván (2022-08-03). "Al menos 25 viajeros provenientes del exterior, bajo sospecha por viruela del mono en Medellín". Blu Radio (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-11.
  61. ^ a b c d e f g h Navarro, Camila. "Se confirman 43 casos de viruela del mono en Colombia". Radio Nacional de Colombia. Retrieved 2022-08-07.
  62. ^ "Secretaría de Salud confirma quinto caso de viruela símica en Barranquilla". El Heraldo (in Spanish). 4 September 2022. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
  63. ^ Leon, Camilo (2022-08-27). "Se presentó el cuarto caso de viruela del mono en Barranquilla". Hoy Diario del Magdalena (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-09-01.
  64. ^ "Reportan caso de viruela del mono en Soledad". El Heraldo (in Spanish). 29 August 2022. Retrieved 2022-09-01.
  65. ^ "Confirman nuevos casos de viruela del mono en Barranquilla". Noticias RCN (in Spanish). 2022-08-22. Retrieved 2022-08-23.
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  91. ^ Pereira, Caracol Radio (2022-09-06). "En septiembre se han duplicado los casos de viruela del mono en Risaralda". Caracol Radio (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-09-07.
  92. ^ "Nuevo caso de viruela Símica en Risaralda". El Diario (in Spanish). 2022-08-31. Retrieved 2022-09-01.
  93. ^ "Más de un 100% aumentaron los casos de la viruela del mono". El Diario (in Spanish). 2022-08-23. Retrieved 2022-08-23.
  94. ^ Correa, Kimberly (2022-08-09). "Confirman dos nuevos casos de viruela del mono en Risaralda". Caracol Radio (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-11.
  95. ^ "Ya van 8 casos de viruela símica en Santander". Caracol Radio (in Spanish). 2022-09-07. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
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  97. ^ "Atención: confirman tercer caso de viruela del mono en Santander". Semana (in Spanish). 2022-08-23. Retrieved 2022-08-23.
  98. ^ "Confirman el segundo caso de viruela del mono en Santander". Infobae (in Spanish). 14 August 2022. Retrieved 2022-08-15.
  99. ^ Barrios, Francisco (2022-08-26). "Viruela del mono: confirman el primer caso en Sucre". El Tiempo (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-27.
  100. ^ "Ibagué llegó a 14 casos de viruela del mono". El Cronista (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-09-07.
  101. ^ "Ibagué llegó a 10 casos positivos de la viruela del mono". El Nuevo Día (in Spanish). 30 August 2022. Retrieved 2022-09-01.
  102. ^ "En Ibagué aumentan casos de viruela del mono; todos los contagios son en hombres". Pulzo. 22 August 2022. Retrieved 2022-08-23.
  103. ^ "Ibagué reportó dos casos más de la viruela del mono". Elolfato (in Spanish). 2022-08-16. Retrieved 2022-08-17.
  104. ^ "INS confirma segundo caso de la Viruela del Mono en el Tolima". Alcaldía Municipal de Ibagué (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-11.
  105. ^ "Viruela del mono: Asciende a 670 el número de contagios confirmados en Colombia". El País Cali (in Spanish). 5 September 2022. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
  106. ^ Navarro, Camila. "Minsalud confirmó 273 casos de la viruela del mono en el país". Radio Nacional de Colombia. Retrieved 2022-08-23.
  107. ^ "Confirman segundo caso de viruela del mono desde Cali". Canal 1 (in Spanish). 2022-08-16. Retrieved 2022-08-17.
  108. ^ Torres, Erika Alexandra Rebolledo (2022-08-16). "Cali confirma el primer caso de viruela del mono". W Radio (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-17.
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