2024 Mongolian parliamentary election

2024 Mongolian parliamentary election
Mongolia
← 2020 28 June 2024 2028 →

All 126 seats in the State Great Khural
64 seats needed for a majority
Turnout69.85% (Decrease 3.80pp)
Party Leader Vote % Seats +/–
MPP Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene 35.01 68 +6
Democratic Luvsannyamyn Gantömör 30.14 42 +31
HUN Togmidyn Dorjkhand 10.38 8 +7
National Coalition Nyamtaishiriin Nomtoibayar [mn] 5.17 4 New
Civil Will-Green Batyn Batbaatar [mn] 5.02 4 New
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Prime Minister before Prime Minister after
Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene
MPP
Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene
MPP

Parliamentary elections were held in Mongolia on 28 June 2024 to determine the composition of the State Great Khural.[1] The number of MPs increased from 76 to 126 following a constitutional amendment in 2023.[2]

According to preliminary results, the Mongolian People's Party (MPP) secured 35% of the vote and won 68 of the 126 seats.[3] The State Great Khural re-appointed MPP chairman Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene as prime minister on 5 July.[4]

Background

[edit]

In the 2020 parliamentary elections the Mongolian People's Party won a supermajority of 62 of the 76 seats and formed a government. However, protests in 2021 led to the resignation of Prime Minister Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh and his cabinet.[5] More protests began in December of 2022 due to a government corruption scheme in relation to coal exports.[6]

Election board advertising candidates in Ulaanbaatar

In August 2022 the Constitutional Court annulled Article 39, Section 1[7][8][9] of the constitution, which allowed the Prime Minister and members of his cabinet to hold office in the Great Khural.[10] Shortly after the ruling a series of laws where passed that gave parliament the power to amend the constitution and on 31 May 2023 the Great Khural voted to amend Article 21.1 to increase the number of seats in the Great Khural from 76 to 126.[11] It was believed by local political analysts that these constitutional changes, coupled with an enlargement of parliament, would allow for a larger plurality of political parties and loosen the stranglehold that the MPP has held since the fall of the Soviet Union.[11]

Redistricting

[edit]

On 18 December 2023, the ruling and opposition parties reached a consensus to redraw the electoral districts.[12] Subsequently, the State Great Khural's plenary session passed a resolution on the creation of 2024 regular election constituencies of the State Great Khural, and the determination of the number, territory of the mandates of the constituencies, resulting in the reformation of the electoral districts. In comparison to the previous elections, there was a decrease of the constituencies, bringing the total to 13.[13]

Electoral system

[edit]

Following the passing of a new electoral law, the elections were held using a parallel system, with 78 seats elected by multiple non-transferable vote in 13 multi-member constituencies and 48 by closed list proportional representation at the national level with an electoral threshold of 4% for individual parties, 5% for a two-party coalition and 7% for coalitions of three or more parties.[14][15] To qualify for proportional seats, parties and coalitions must also have candidates running in at least half of the seats in each constituency. Party lists must adhere to the zipper system, while the overall gender ratio of candidates for a party must not be greater than 70:30 or less than 30:70. A voter turnout of 50% is required for the result in a constituency to be considered valid, or another round of voting must be held for that constituency.[15][16] Voting was held in 2,198 polling stations nationwide.[17]

Timetable

[edit]

The following timetable was approved by the General Election Commission (GEC) on January 10:[18]

1 March Deadline for audit organization to set campaign finance limits
24 March Deadline for parties to submit election platform
28 April Deadline for parties to submit intention to participate
14–20 May Parties nominate candidates
10 June The GEC issues candidate cards[19]
15 June Deadline for Mongolians residing abroad to register
10–26 June Election campaign period
20–23 June Polling days for overseas Mongolians to be conducted in embassies and consular posts
28 June Polling day (from 7am until 10pm)

Contesting parties and candidates

[edit]

The General Election Committee of Mongolia registered a record 1,336 candidates running for the election.[20][21]

Party Constituency seats Party list Total
Mongolian People's Party 78 48 126
Democratic Party 78 48 126
HUN Party 75 47 122
National Coalition (MGP, MNDP) 43 24 67
New United Coalition (MTUP, NEW Party) 53 37 90
United Patriots Party 1 0 1
The Civic Unity Party 53 4 57
Civil Will–Green Party 59 12 71
People's Majority Governance Party 44 27 71
Republican Party 39 15 54
Mongolian Liberal Democratic Party 1 0 1
Civil Movement Party 76 48 126
Truth and Right Party 62 18 80
Good Democratic Citizens United Party 37 18 55
Mongol Conservative Party 22 0 22
Freedom Implementing Party 25 5 30
Mongolian Social Democratic Party 6 0 6
Motherland Party 39 4 43
People's Power Party 52 8 60
For the Mongolian People Party 38 4 42
Liberte Party 43 4 47
Independent 42 - 42
Total 966 371 1,337

Lawmakers not standing for re-election

[edit]

Twenty-two sitting members of the State Great Khural did not stand for re-election.[22]

Members of Parliament not standing for re-election
MP Seat First elected Party
Yondonperenlein Baatarbileg Arkhangai 2016 Mongolian People's Party
Jamyangiin Mönkhbat Arkhangai 2016 Mongolian People's Party
Khavdislamyn Badyelkhan Bayan-Ölgii 2008 Mongolian People's Party
Tsogt-Ochiryn Anandbazar Bulgan 2020 Mongolian People's Party
Byambasürengiin Enkh-Amgalan Govi-Altai 2016 Mongolian People's Party
Shatarbalyn Radnaased Govi-Altai 2016 Mongolian People's Party
Sükhbaataryn Batbold Dundgovi
Govisümber
2004 Mongolian People's Party
Khayangaagiin Bolorchuluun Dornogovi 2012 Mongolian People's Party
Tsedeviin Sergelen Dornogovi 2020 Mongolian People's Party
Dashdembereliin Bat-Erdene Ömnögovi 2004 Democratic Party
Jargaltulgyn Erdenebat Selenge 2012 Mongolian People's Party
Nyamaagiin Enkhbold Töv 2000 Mongolian People's Party
Badmaanyambuugiin Bat-Erdene Khentii 2000 Mongolian People's Party
Baagaagiin Battömör Darkhan-Uul 2016 Mongolian People's Party
Tsendiin Mönkh-Orgil Sükhbaatar 2004 Mongolian People's Party
Tserenjamtsyn Mönkhtsetseg Sükhbaatar 2020 Mongolian People's Party
Tömörbaataryn Ayuursaikhan Chingeltei 2016 Mongolian People's Party
Jamiyankhorloogiin Sükhbaatar Chingeltei 2008 Mongolian People's Party
Khishgeegiin Nyambaatar Songino Khairkhan 2016 Mongolian People's Party
Badarchiin Jargalmaa Songino Khairkhan 2020 Mongolian People's Party
Ganibalyn Amartüvshin Khan-Uul 2020 Mongolian People's Party
Davaajantsangiin Sarangerel Khan-Uul 2012 Mongolian People's Party

Campaign

[edit]

Among issues raised during the campaign were corruption, unemployment, inflation and agricultural problems.[23]

Opinion polls

[edit]
Polling firm Fieldwork date Sample
size
MPP DP MPRP CWGP HUN NC Other Ind. None Und./NA/
DK
Sant Maral[24] 23 Apr19 May 2024 1,000 25.1 20.5 1.9 5.2 0.9 7.8 4.5 34.1
MEC Barometer 3–10 Apr 2024 980 22 17 10 6 15 30
Sant Maral 18 Mar16 Apr 2023 1,000 13.6 10.7 2.3 1.4 6.7 65.3
Sant Maral 3 May – 10 Jun 2022 1,200 21.4 10.2 3.1 0.3 3.7 61.4
28 May 2021 Merger of MPP and MPRP
Sant Maral 1–16 Apr 2021 1,210 20.7 9.7 2.4 3.6 0.5 0.2 4.4 58.4
2020 election 24 Jun 2020 44.9 24.5 8.1 5.2 8.5 8.7

Incidents

[edit]

Death of opposition party member

[edit]

On 16 June, B. Bayanmunkh, a member of the Democratic Party and a governor of Sant sum, was beaten to death.[25] It was found that perpetrator was an agitator of 1st election district candidate Gürsediin Saikhanbayar.[26] In response, the MPP decided to withdraw Saikhanbayar as a candidate. However, the GEC stated that a candidate cannot be withdrawn once they have been registered, issued an identity card and their name has been entered on the ballot paper.[27][28] Saikhanbayar also stated that he will continue to campaign and compete in the elections.[29]

Results

[edit]

Preliminary results showed the ruling Mongolia People's Party had won a narrow and reduced majority[30] in the Khural, which allowed Prime Minister Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene to publicly claim victory. The Democratic Party also gained 42 seats, an increase from the 2020 election.[31] The full official results were presented by the GEC on 1 July 2024.[32]

PartyConstituencyProportionalTotal
seats
+/–
Votes%SeatsVotes%Seats
Mongolian People's Party3,619,95038.6550509,48235.011868+6
Democratic Party3,135,98833.4826438,50630.131642+31
HUN Party636,6486.802151,11110.3868+7
National Coalition291,1663.11075,1965.1744New
Civil Will–Green Party269,5822.88073,0065.0244+4
New United Coalition255,8712.73069,6824.7900
Truth and Right Party208,7172.23040,7832.8000
Civil Movement Party153,6241.64020,4431.4000
Republican Party116,5611.24019,6351.3500
The Civic Unity Party86,0830.92013,7330.9400
People's Power Party106,6881.14010,6140.7300
Good Democratic Citizens United Party42,9610.4606,1040.4200
Motherland Party52,8030.5605,6210.3900
Liberte Party45,7300.4904,7380.3300
People's Majority Governance Party30,7600.3303,6190.2500
For the Mongolian People Party35,1830.3803,4610.2400
Mongolian Liberal Democratic Party2320.0002,8200.1900
United Patriots Party2130.0002,1680.1500
Mongolian Social Democratic Party7,7890.0801,5310.1100
Mongol Conservative Party21,1770.2301,4850.1000
Freedom Implementing Party26,2560.2801,4500.1000
Independents222,9572.3800–1
Total9,366,939100.00781,455,188100.0048126+50
Valid votes1,455,18899.68
Invalid/blank votes4,6420.32
Total votes1,459,830100.00
Registered voters/turnout2,089,9352,089,93569.85
Source: Ikon, Ikon, Parliament

Incumbents who lost re-election

[edit]
Members of Parliament who lost re-election[33][34]
MP Seat First elected Party New MP New party
Gombojavyn Zandanshatar Bayankhongor 2004[a] Mongolian People's Party Not applicable
Amgalangiin Adiyaasüren Bayankhongor 2020 Democratic Party Not applicable
Dulamdorjiin Togtokhsüren Övörkhangai 2016 Mongolian People's Party Not applicable
Sodnomyn Chinzorig Övörkhangai 2016 Mongolian People's Party Not applicable
Gochoogiin Ganbold Övörkhangai 2020 Mongolian People's Party Not applicable
Tsedendambyn Tserenpuntsag Zavkhan 2020 Mongolian People's Party Not applicable
Baljinnyamyn Bayarsaikhan Zavkhan 2020 Mongolian People's Party Not applicable
Shirnenbanidiin Adishaa Khovd 2020 Democratic Party Not applicable
Chimediin Khürelbaatar Uvs 2008 Mongolian People's Party Not applicable
Damdinsürengiin Önörbolor Selenge 2020 Mongolian People's Party Not applicable
Purev-Ochiryn Anujin Songino Khairkhan 2020 Mongolian People's Party Not applicable
Nayantain Ganibal Sükhbaatar 2020 Democratic Party Not applicable
Tömörtogoogiin Enkhtüvshin Dornogovi 2020 Mongolian People's Party Not applicable
Batsükhiin Saranchimeg Bayanzürkh 2016 Mongolian People's Party Not applicable
Gompildoogiin Mönkhtsetseg Dundgovi
Govisümber
2016 Mongolian People's Party Not applicable
Mönkhöögiin Oyuunchimeg Chingeltei 2016 Mongolian People's Party Not applicable
  1. ^ Zandanshatar lost his seat in 2012 but was re-elected through a election in 2016

Aftermath

[edit]

Prime Minister Luvsannamsrai Oyun-Erdene announced early on 29 June that the MPP had won 68 seats, enough for a simple majority in the Great Khural.[35] The Democratic Party (DP), despite falling short of the MPP, saw its largest increase in seats since its inaugural performance in the 1996 elections.[36] Oyun-Erdene also thanked the opposition for their strong showing, stating that it showcased the health of Mongolian democracy, and that “having diverse and contrasting opinions is the essence of democracy.”[36]

The State Great Khural re-appointed Oyun-Erdene as prime minister on 5 July.[37]

With around 54% of the seats in parliament, the elections saw the worst result for the MPP since the 2012 election, providing it with a less dominant position in the expanded parliament.[35]

Following the coalition talks among the MPP and the DP and HUN,[38] the three parties formed a joint government composed of ten ministers from the MPP, eight ministers from the DP and two ministers from HUN.[39]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Parliamentary Elections to Take Place on June 28, 2024". Montsame. 2023-12-28. Archived from the original on 2024-01-05. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  2. ^ Adiya, Amar (2023-07-25). "How is Mongolia Addressing Concerns Over Foreign Meddling in Elections?". Mongolia Weekly. Retrieved 2024-07-05.
  3. ^ "Mongolia Election 2024: MPP Wins Third Term, But Majority Reduced". Mongolia Weekly. 2024-06-28. Archived from the original on 2024-06-28. Retrieved 2024-06-28.
  4. ^ Adiya, Amar (2024-07-06). "Mongolia's Prime Minister Offers Cooperation to Opposition After Election Victory". Mongolia Weekly. Retrieved 2024-07-06.
  5. ^ Lkhaajav, Bolor (22 January 2021). "Mongolia's Prime Minister Offers Shock Resignation Amid Protests". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 10 June 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
  6. ^ "Mongolians clash with police in protest against inflation and graft". Reuters. 6 December 2022. Archived from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
  7. ^ "Mongolia Unveils New Pro-Business Cabinet". thediplomat.com. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
  8. ^ "Mongolia presents new Cabinet of Ministers". m.akipress.com. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
  9. ^ Б.Анхтуяа (2022-08-30). "Mongolian Cabinet expanded with new Ministers - News.MN". News.MN. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
  10. ^ Dierkes, Julian. "Mongolian government under pressure as its foreign policy options are squeezed by Russia's invasion of Ukraine". East Asia Forum. Archived from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
  11. ^ a b Odonkhuu, Munkhsaikhan. "Will Recent Constitutional Amendments Promote Political Pluralism in Mongolia?". constitutionnet.org. Archived from the original on 2 March 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
  12. ^ B., Manlai (18 December 2023). "The MPP has decided to conduct the 2024 parliamentary elections in large regionalized constituencies". ikon. Archived from the original on 24 December 2023.
  13. ^ B., Bilguun (21 December 2023). "The number of parliamentary constituencies and mandates for the 2024 regular election has been approved". ikon. Archived from the original on 9 April 2024.
  14. ^ "Some new regulations on parliamentary elections". montsame. 16 March 2014. Archived from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
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  21. ^ "Candidates". ikon. 2024-06-28. Archived from the original on 2024-06-28. Retrieved 2024-06-28.
  22. ^ "There are 54 members of parliament competing in the new parliament, six of whom have been in power for 16 years". ikon. 2024-06-18. Archived from the original on 2024-06-18. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
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  26. ^ "General Police Department: It was found that Sant Sum election propagander killed democratic party member". 24tsag.mn. 2024-06-16. Archived from the original on 2024-06-19. Retrieved 2024-06-19.
  27. ^ "MPP made a political decision to withdraw Defense Minister G. Saihanbayar as a candidate". ikon.mn. 2024-06-16. Archived from the original on 2024-06-19. Retrieved 2024-06-19.
  28. ^ "GEC: The name of G. Saikhanbayar cannot be removed from the ballot". ikon.mn. 2024-06-16. Archived from the original on 2024-06-19. Retrieved 2024-06-19.
  29. ^ "G. Saikhanbayar: I will continue my election campaign and compete". ikon.mn. 2024-06-18. Archived from the original on 2024-06-19. Retrieved 2024-06-19.
  30. ^ Adiya, Amar (2024-06-28). "Mongolia Election 2024: MPP Wins Third Term, But Majority Reduced". Mongolia Weekly. Retrieved 2024-07-05.
  31. ^ "Mongolia's governing party wins only a slim majority in parliamentary election, early results show". Associated Press. 2024-06-29. Archived from the original on 2024-06-30. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
  32. ^ "МОНГОЛ УЛСЫН СОНГУУЛИЙН ЕРӨНХИЙ ХОРОО". МОНГОЛ УЛСЫН СОНГУУЛИЙН ЕРӨНХИЙ ХОРОО (in Mongolian). Retrieved 2024-07-05.
  33. ^ "2020 Election: Ruling Mongolian People's Party wins 62 of 76 parliament seats". MONTSAME News Agency. Retrieved 2024-07-03.
  34. ^ ""Өвдөг шороодсон" гишүүн, сайд нар". ikon. 2024-06-29. Archived from the original on 2024-06-29. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
  35. ^ a b Moritsugu, Ken; Ghosal, Aniruddha (27 June 2024). "Mongolia's governing party wins only a slim majority in parliamentary election, early results show". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
  36. ^ a b "Preliminary election results show Mongolian People's Party in the lead". Al Jazeera English. Archived from the original on 29 June 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
  37. ^ Adiya, Amar (2024-07-06). "Mongolia's Prime Minister Offers Cooperation to Opposition After Election Victory". Mongolia Weekly. Retrieved 2024-07-06.
  38. ^ "A Calculated Gambit: Unpacking the MPP's Push for a Coalition in Mongolia". Mongolia Weekly. 2024-07-05. Retrieved 2024-07-05.
  39. ^ Weekly, Mongolia (2024-07-10). "Mongolia's PM Announces His New Cabinet". Mongolia Weekly. Retrieved 2024-07-15.