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The additions to Daniel are three chapters not found in the Hebrew/Aramaic text of Daniel. The text of these chapters is found in the Septuagint, the earliest extant Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible from the original Hebrew.
The three chapters are as follows.
- The Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children: Daniel 3:24–90 (in the Greek Translation) are removed from the Protestant canon after verse 23 (v. 24 becomes v. 91), within the Fiery Furnace episode. When Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego are thrown into a furnace for declining to worship an idol, they are rescued by an angel and sing a song of worship.[1] In some Greek Bibles, the Prayer and the Song appear in an appendix to the book of Psalms.[2]
- Susanna and the Elders: before Daniel 1:1, a prologue in early Greek manuscripts; chapter 13 in the Vulgate. This episode, along with Bel and the Dragon, is one of "the two earliest examples" of a detective story, according to Christopher Booker. In it, two men attempt to coerce a young woman into having sexual relations with them through blackmail, but are foiled under close questioning by Daniel.[3]
- Bel and the Dragon: after Daniel 12:13 in Greek, an epilogue; chapter 14 in the Vulgate. Daniel's detective work reveals that a brass idol believed to miraculously consume sacrifices is in fact a front for a corrupt priesthood which is stealing the offerings.[3]
The Book of Daniel is preserved in the 12-chapter Masoretic Text and in two longer Greek versions: the original Septuagint version, c. 100 BCE, and the later Theodotion version from c. 2nd century CE. Both Greek texts contain the three additions to Daniel. The Masoretic text does not. In other respects Theodotion is much closer to the Masoretic Text, and became so popular that it replaced the original Septuagint version in all but two manuscripts of the Septuagint itself.[4][5][6] The Greek additions were apparently never part of the Hebrew text.[7] Several Old Greek texts of the Book of Daniel have been discovered, and the original form of the book is being reconstructed.[8]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Emil Schürer (1987 edition). Edited by Géza Vermes et al. The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ, Vol. III, Part 2. Pages 722–730.
- ^ James C. VanderKam (2001), An Introduction to Early Judaism. Eerdmans. p. 133.
- ^ a b Christopher Booker (2004), The Seven Basic Plots, pages 505–506
- ^ Harrington, Daniel J. (1999). Invitation to the Apocrypha. Eerdmans. pp. 119–120. ISBN 9780802846334.
- ^ Spencer, Richard A. (2002). "Additions to Daniel". In Mills, Watson E.; Wilson, Richard F. (eds.). The Deuterocanonicals/Apocrypha. Mercer University Press. p. 89. ISBN 9780865545106.
- ^ Collins, John J. (1984). Daniel: With an Introduction to Apocalyptic Literature. Eerdmans. p. 28. ISBN 9780802800206.
- ^ Seow, C.L. (2003). Daniel. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 3. ISBN 9780664256753.
- ^ Dines, Jennifer M. (2004). Knibb, Michael A. (ed.). The Septuagint. Understanding the Bible and Its World (1st ed.). London: T&T Clark. ISBN 0567084647.
Further reading
[edit]- R. H. Charles, ed. (2004 [1913]). The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament. Volume I: Apocrypha. Originally by Clarendon Press, 2004 edition by The Apocryphile Press. pp. 625–664.
- J. C. Dancy, ed. (1972). The Shorter Books of the Apocrypha. The Cambridge Bible Commentary on the New English Bible. pp. 210–241.
- Alison Salvesen (2006). "The Growth of the Apocrypha". In J. W. Rogerson and Judith M. Lieu, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies. pp. 508–509.
External links
[edit]- NRSV: Prayer of Azariah
- NRSV: Susanna
- NRSV: Bel and the Dragon
- Daniel (including Azariah and the Song), Sousanna, Bel and the Dragon in the New English Translation of the Septuagint.
Additions to Daniel public domain audiobook at LibriVox
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