Allen Upward

George Allen Upward (Worcester 20 September 1863^[1] – Wimborne 12 November 1926^[2]) was a British poet, lawyer, politician and teacher. His work was included in the first anthology of Imagist poetry, Des Imagistes, which was edited by Ezra Pound and published in 1914. He was a first cousin once removed of Edward Upward. His parents were George and Mary Upward, and he was survived by an elder sister (Mary) Edith Upward.^[3]

Upward was brought up as a member of the Plymouth Brethren and trained as a lawyer at the Royal University of Dublin (now University College Dublin). While living in Dublin, he wrote a pamphlet in favour of Irish Home Rule.

In the 1890s he lived in Cardiff where he worked as a lawyer, journalist and novelist. He also stood several times unsuccessfully as a candidate for both the Liberal and Labour party. He defended Havelock Wilson and other Labour leaders and ran for election as a Lib-Lab candidate, taking 659 votes in Merthyr at the 1895 general election.^[4]

Upward later worked for the British Foreign Office in Nigeria as an officer for the British Government.

He wrote two books of poetry, Songs in Ziklag (1888) and Scented Leaves from a Chinese Jar. He also published a translation of the Sayings of Confucius (1904) and a volume of autobiography, Some Personalities (1921).

Upward wrote a number of now-forgotten novels: The Prince of Balkistan (1895), A Crown of Straw (1896), A Bride's Madness (1897), The Accused Princess (1900) (source: Duncan, p. xii), "''The International Spy: Being a Secret History of the Russo-Japanese War" (1905), and Athelstane Ford. His 1910 novel "The Discovery of the Dead" is a collected fantasy (listed in Bleiler) dealing with the emerging science of Necrology.

In 1907, Upward self-published a book (originally written in 1901) which he apparently thought would be Nobel Prize material: The New Word. This book is today known as the first citation of the word "Scientology", however there was no delineation in this book of its definition by Upward. It is unknown whether L. Ron Hubbard, the founder of the Scientology-organization, knew of this book. His 1913 book The Divine Mystery is an anthropological study of Christian mythology.

In 1917 the British Museum refused to take Upward's manuscripts, "on the grounds that the writer was still alive," and Upward burned them (source: Duncan, p. xi).

Upward shot himself in the heart in Wimborne Minster, Dorset, in November 1926.^[5] Ezra Pound would a decade later satirically remark that this was due to his disappointment after hearing of George Bernard Shaw's Nobel Prize award which Shaw won in 1925.

Upward's reputation as an obscure genius, the hidden mastermind behind some of the most obscure thoughts of Ezra Pound and his fellow Imagists was made by two essays Pound wrote in 1913-14 and various mentions of Upward in his Cantos. In 1975 there was a brief flurry of interest in this view of Upward typified by Donald Davie's piece on Upward in his attempt to revive sympathetic interest in Pound. In 1978 Mick Sheldon published an essay which demonstrated alongside his relationship with Pound Upward had a reputation as a popular novelist, lawyer, politician and local celebrity. Even more interesting were the discoveries Upward had influenced Edward Upward, to whom he was related, W. H. Auden whose poem the Orators refers to Allen's suicide and Robert Duncan who wrote a lengthy introduction to The Divine Mystery. Sheldon also revealed before Pound had begun championing the cause of Allen Upward's genius, a woman philosopher called Victoria Welby had expressed the view Upward's New Word was a significant contribution to modernist philosophy.

• Songs in Ziklag* (poems) 1888
• ’’Secrets of the Courts of Europe’’. Pearson’s Magazine, (serialized, 1896)
• ’’The Prince of Balkistan’’, 1895
• ’’A Crown of Straw’’, 1896
• ’’A Bride’s Madness’’, 1897
• ’’The Accused Princess’’, 1900
• ’’Secret History of To-Day, Being Revelations of a Diplomatic Spy’’, 1904
• ’’The New Word, Anon [Allen Upward], first edition London A.Owen and Co. 1907
• ’’The Divine Mystery (letchworth Garden City Press,1913)
• ’’The Queen against Owen’’. Date of first publication unknown but before 1923
• ’’Athelstane Ford’’. Date of first publication unknown but before 1923
• ’’The Ordeal of Fire’’. Date of first publication unknown but before 1923
• ’’The Discovery of the Dead’’, 1910
• ’’The Yellow Hand’’. Serialised: Dublin Evening Telegraph, 1921
• ’’The House of Sin’’. Serialised: Dublin Evening Telegraph, 1923

• "The Club of Masks", 1926

• ’’A Flan in the Pan’’, 1896

• Davie, Donald, Pound (London, Fontana, 1975)
• Davie, Donald, 'The Mysterious Allen Upward.' American Scholar,Vol.59, no1 (Winter 1990),pp53-65
• Sheldon, Michael. 'Allen Upward: Some Biographical Notes' Agenda,vol.16, no.3-4 (Autumn -Winter 1978,pp.108-122
• Sheldon, Michael. Introduction to Scented Leaves from a Chinese Jar, A Selection. (Interim Press, 1987).
• Sheldon, Michael Solomon. The Discarded Imagist. The Life, Work and Reputation of Allen Upward, PhD Thesis, Queen Mary University of London, 2024
• Robert Duncan. Introduction to The Divine Mystery. (Ross-Erikson, Santa Barbara, 1976).
• Pound, Ezra. Selected Letters 1907-1941. (New Directions, 1950)

• Works by Allen Upward at Project Gutenberg
• Works by or about Allen Upward at the Internet Archive
• Works by Allen Upward at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
• Full text of The New Word at the Internet Archive