French
DeutschAlosidae
| Alosidae Temporal range: Possible Late Cretaceous record | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Twaite shad, Alosa fallax | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Clupeiformes |
| Suborder: | Clupeoidei |
| Family: | Alosidae Svetovidov, 1952[1] |
| Genera | |
| see text | |
The Alosidae, or the shads,[2][3][4] are a family of clupeiform fishes. The family currently comprises four genera worldwide, and about 32 species.[5]
The shads are pelagic (open water) schooling fish, of which many are anadromous or even landlocked. Several species are of commercial importance, e.g. in the genus Alosa (river herrings), Brevoortia (menhadens), and Sardina. The Alosidae were previously included in the herring family Clupeidae.
Genera
[edit]Alosidae contains the following 4 genera:[6]
- Alosa H. F. Linck, 1790 (Shads)
- Brevoortia Gill, 1861 (Menhadens)
- Sardina Antipa, 1904 (European pilchard)
- Sardinops C. L. Hubbs, 1929 (Blue pilchard)
The following fossil Alosidae are also known:[7]
- †Eoalosa Marramà & Carnevale, 2017 (early Eocene of Italy)[7]
- †Moldavichthys Baykina & Schwarzhans, 2017 (mid-late Miocene of Moldova)[8]
- ?†Pugliaclupea Taverne, 2004 (Late Cretaceous of Italy)
- †Sanalosa Bienkowska-Wasiluk, Granica & Kovalchuk, 2024 (Oligocene of Poland)[9]
The oldest member of the group is Pugliaclupea from the Campanian of Italy, but its placement in the Alosidae appears to be on weak grounds. Otherwise, all other members of the family are only known from the Eocene onwards.[7] There appears to have been a significant center of endemism for the alosids and other clupeoids in the Paratethys.[8] The freshwater †Chasmoclupea from the Oligocene of Egypt may also be related to the Alosidae.[10]
See also
[edit]- The Shad Foundation
- Shad Planking, a Virginia political gathering featuring the consumption of American shad
References
[edit]- ^ Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 1–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
- ^ Biodiversity, Status, and Conservation of the World’s Shads American Fisheries Society Symposium Volume (2003)
- ^ Whitehead, Peter J.P. (1985). "Subfamily Alosinae". FAO species catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, anchovies and wolfherrings. Part 1 – Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and Pristigasteridae. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 125/7/1. Rome: FAO. pp. 190–209. ISBN 978-92-5-102340-2.
- ^ "The Shad Foundation homepage". Archived from the original on 2008-12-15. Retrieved 2015-02-03.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Alosidae". FishBase. February 2024 version.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Alosidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
- ^ a b c Marramà, Giuseppe; Carnevale, Giorgio (2018-03-01). "Eoalosa janvieri gen. et sp. nov., a new clupeid fish (Teleostei, Clupeiformes) from the Eocene of Monte Bolca, Italy". PalZ. 92 (1): 107–120. Bibcode:2018PalZ...92..107M. doi:10.1007/s12542-017-0378-0. ISSN 1867-6812. PMC 5830460. PMID 29515269.
- ^ a b Baykina, E. M.; Schwarzhans, W. W. (2017-03-01). "Review of "Clupea humilis" from the Sarmatian of Moldova and description of Moldavichthys switshenskae gen. et sp. nov". Swiss Journal of Palaeontology. 136 (1): 141–149. Bibcode:2017SwJP..136..141B. doi:10.1007/s13358-016-0121-6. ISSN 1664-2384.
- ^ Bienkowska-Wasiluk, Malgorzata; Kovalchuk, Oleksandr; Granica, Mateusz (2024). "A new extinct shad from Poland in the light of clupeiform diversity and distribution within the Paratethys during the Oligocene". Acta Geologica Polonica; 2024; Vol. 74; No 3; E23: 23. doi:10.24425/agp.2024.151753. ISSN 0001-5709.
- ^ Murray, Alison M.; Simons, Elwyn L.; Attia, Yousry S. (2005-06-27). "A new clupeid fish (Clupeomorpha) from the oligocene of Fayum, Egypt, with notes on some other fossil clupeomorphs". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 (2): 300–308. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0300:ANCFCF]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0272-4634.