Anthony Ughtred

Sir
Anthony Ughtred
Knight banneret
Coat of Arms of Sir Anthony Ughtred:
Quarterly —1 and 4, Gules, on a cross patonce Or 5 five mullets Gules; 2 and 3, Ermine, a cross moline Sable. On each a crescent Or for difference.[1]
Governor of Jersey
In office
August 1532[2] – 6 October 1534
MonarchHenry VIII
Preceded bySir Hugh Vaughan
Succeeded bySir Arthur Darcy
Personal details
Born
Anthony Ughtred

c. 1478
Kexby, Yorkshire
Died6 October 1534 (aged 55–56)
Jersey
Resting placeChapel of St George, castle of Mont Orgueil
49°11′58″N 2°01′09″W / 49.199444°N 2.019167°W / 49.199444; -2.019167
Spouse(s)Eleanor (Alianora)[3]
Elizabeth Seymour
ChildrenSir Henry Ughtred
Margery Ughtred
Parent(s)Sir Robert Ughtred
Katherine Eure

Sir Anthony Ughtred or Oughtred, Knight banneret[4][5] (c. 1478 – 6 October 1534[2]) was an English soldier and military administrator during the reigns of Henry VII and Henry VIII. Ughtred fought in Ireland, the Anglo Scottish border and both on land and at sea in France. He served with distinction as captain of Berwick, marshal of Tournai and governor of Jersey.[2] In 1530, he married Elizabeth Seymour, sister to Jane, future third wife to Henry VIII.[6][7]

Family

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The Ughtred family can be traced back to the early thirteenth century, however, it was Thomas Ughtred (1292 – 1365) who ensured their place as one of the most prominent families in Yorkshire.[2] Following an outstanding military career, Thomas Ughtred was summoned to Parliament as Baron Ughtred from 1343 to 1364 and made a Knight of the Garter between May 1358 and April 1360.[8] On his death in 1365, the barony became extinct as it was not passed on to his descendants. His son and heir, Sir Thomas, despite a distinguished career and a knighthood was never summoned to parliament.[8]

Sir Anthony Ughtred was the third son of Sir Robert Ughtred (c.1428–c.1487) of Kexby, Yorkshire[2] and Katherine, daughter of Sir William Eure of Stokesley, Yorkshire.[2] Sir Robert and his wife had four sons and two daughters:

  • Sir Robert Ughtred (1498 –),[14] married Elizabeth, daughter of William Fairfax, of Steeton.[15] He was knighted by the Duke of Suffolk on the River Somme in December 1523.[16]
  • Anthony Ughtred[17]
  • George Ughtred[17]
  • Henry Ughtred[18]
  • Eleanor Ughtred, married Thomas Malyverer[19]

The Ughtreds were wealthy landowners. When Sir Robert Ughtred died in 1487, his second son, Sir Henry Ughtred, since the death of his eldest son, Robert, was his heir. After Sir Henry's death in 1510, his eldest son, Robert, still a minor, consequently inherited his father's assets. In 1520 he sold his manors of Skagglethorpe and Redhouse to his uncle, Anthony Ughtred[25] and in May 1524, the newly knighted Sir Robert Ughtred released to his uncle the reversion of the manors of Kylneweke, Tolthorp, Fymour, and Owelesthrop in Yorkshire. They had been leased to Sir Anthony and his brother Christopher "for the life of the longer liver" by their father, the elder Sir Robert Ughtred.[14][26]

Career

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Castle of Mont Orgueil overlooking the harbour of Gorey in the parish of St. Martin, Jersey

Anthony Ughtred participated in Edward Poynings' campaign to subdue Ulster, leading a troop of twenty-seven soldiers in 1496. He was knighted at Eltham in 1512,[4][5] took part in Edward Howard's naval expedition to Brittany in August 1512 and as captain of the 'Mary James' distinguished himself in the raid on Brest.[27] He accompanied King Henry VIII to France in July 1513 and was appointed marshal of Tournai after the city's fall in September, where he remained until February 1515.[2]

By April 1513, Ughtred was vice-captain and subsequently served as captain of Berwick from February 1515 until August 1532.[2][28] As the most northerly of England's garrison towns Berwick played a vital role in the defence of the Anglo-Scottish border. In 1522 and 1523 the Duke of Albany's threatened invasions of England both centred on Berwick, and on the former occasion Albany's force, which included twenty-four pieces of artillery, came within 18 miles of the town. Ughtred was responsible for organising Berwick's defences, and was also involved in intelligence gathering and played a key role in the many negotiations that took place between England and Scotland.[2]

The captaincy of Berwick was a challenging and demanding role, however Ughtred was amply rewarded for his military and administrative efforts over the years by a series of royal grants: In February 1514 he became steward of the lordship or manor of Lantyan, and constable of Tintagel Castle, Cornwall and in September of the same year, he was made steward of the Forest of Galtres, Yorkshire and master of the hunt.[29] In 1519 he received a grant in reversion of the offices of steward, constable and gatekeep of the castle and lordship of Bamborough, Northumberland. In 1525, as a knight for the body, he was granted the reversion of the office of governor of Jersey, and of the castle of Mont Orgueil in that island.[30]

Ughtred also pursued mercantile interests and was able to obtain, in 1525, a licence to export wools, woollen cloths, hides, lead, tin, and other English merchandise in a ship of 200 tons 'burthen, once within the next two years, beyond the straits of Marrock (Morocco), without payment of customs, provided they do not exceed 50 marks.'[31] There was a further licence granted in 1527 to export woollen cloths.[32]

In August 1532 he replaced Sir Hugh Vaughan at the castle of Mont Orgueil as captain and governor of Jersey.[2] It has been suggested that when Sir Anthony was granted the reversion of the governorship of Jersey, in 1525, following the treaty of the More, that this was allegedly at the insistence of Anne Boleyn and that this represented the beginning of a more pro-French political influence in a time of peace.[33] Anne Boleyn's influence is very likely in Ughtred's appointment to the governorship, especially since his wife, Elizabeth was present at court as a member of the future queen's household from 1532 to 1533. In 1532, Elizabeth presented the king with 'A fine shirt with a high collar' as a new year's gift.[34][35]

Peace with France provided the governor of Jersey with the opportunity, in June 1533, to promise Thomas Cromwell, the king's chief minister better wine than any in England and to report that all was quiet on the island.[36] Ughtred's seventeen years as captain of Berwick, his past service in France and his association with the Boleyns ensured that he was well-suited to the governorship of Jersey, a position he held until his death in 1534.[2][33]

Marriages and issue

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Portrait of a Lady, probably a Member of the Cromwell Family, perhaps Elizabeth Seymour, c. 1535–1540, Hans Holbein the Younger.[37]

Sometime before 1514 Sir Anthony Ughtred married Eleanor (Alianora) about whom nothing is known.[3] By July 1530 he had married Elizabeth Seymour, daughter to Sir John Seymour and Margery Wentworth of Wiltshire.[37][38][39][40] In January 1531, Ughtred and his wife, Elizabeth received the grant in survivorship, of the manors of Lepington and Kexby in Yorkshire.[6] By 1472 Kexby manor was in the possession of Sir Anthony Ughtred's father, Sir Robert Ughtred.[41] After his death, the manor went to his second son, Sir Henry Ughtred. (Sir Robert's eldest son predeceased him.) When Sir Henry died in 1510, Kexby was inherited by his son and heir, Robert, born 1498.[41] In 1524, the recently knighted Sir Robert Ughtred,[16] sold Kexby to John Allen, however, Thomas Wolsey intervened and bought it himself.[41] After Wolsey's attainder in 1530 the king granted the manor for life to Sir Anthony Ughtred and his wife Elizabeth.[41]

The couple had two children:[39]

  • William Hungate
  • Leonard Hungate

Death

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Anthony Ughtred died in Jersey on 6 October 1534 and was buried in the chapel of St George, in the castle of Mont Orgueil.[2] He was survived by his wife who, in 1537, married Gregory Cromwell,[47] later Baron Cromwell, the son and heir of Henry VIII's chief minister Thomas Cromwell. After Gregory Cromwell's death in 1551, Elizabeth went on to marry, in 1554, John Paulet, Baron St. John, the eldest son of William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester. She died 19 March 1568 and was buried at Basing, Hampshire.[48][49]

Notes

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  1. ^ Metcalfe 1885, pp. 42, 45.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n MacMahon 2004.
  3. ^ a b Collins 1887a, pp. 24-30: Under the heading "1513–14—HILARY TERM, 5 HENRY VIII", "Anthony Ughtred, kt., and Alianora his wife" are listed.
  4. ^ a b Metcalfe 1885, p. 46.
  5. ^ a b Shaw & Burtchaell 1906b, p. 35.
  6. ^ a b Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, 5, 80(14).
  7. ^ Richardson 2011a, p. 111.
  8. ^ a b Cokayne 1898, pp. 2–3.
  9. ^ a b c d Cokayne 1959, p. 164.
  10. ^ Shaw & Burtchaell 1906a, p. 148.
  11. ^ Tonge 1863, p. 68.
  12. ^ Walker 1944, p. 402: Elizabeth Seymour (c.1518–1568) married Sir Henry's brother, Sir Anthony Ughtred.
  13. ^ Walker 1944, p. 402.
  14. ^ a b c d Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, 4, 388(4).
  15. ^ Flower 1881, p. 119.
  16. ^ a b Metcalfe 1885, p. 59.
  17. ^ a b Walker 1944, p. 402.
  18. ^ Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, 5, 1105.
  19. ^ Flower 1881, p. 201.
  20. ^ Brown 2013, p. 124, fn. 1.
  21. ^ a b c Walker 1944, p. 402.
  22. ^ Latham 1963b, p. 314, no. 835.
  23. ^ Kirby 1996, p. 151.
  24. ^ a b Richardson 2011b, pp. 179, 180, 412.
  25. ^ Cokayne 1959, pp. 164–165: Sir Anthony Ughtred was his uncle, not his great uncle.
  26. ^ Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, 3, 3146(4).
  27. ^ Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, 1, 1385 & 1414.
  28. ^ Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, 1,1805(2).
  29. ^ Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, 1, 3324(6).
  30. ^ Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, 4, 1676(19).
  31. ^ Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, 4, 1796(8).
  32. ^ Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, 4, 3622(8).
  33. ^ a b Thornton 2012, p. 71.
  34. ^ Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, 5, 686.
  35. ^ Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, 6, 32.
  36. ^ Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, 6, 659.
  37. ^ a b Fitzgerald 2019.
  38. ^ Brown 2013, pp. 162–163.
  39. ^ a b c MacCulloch 2018, p. 422: "Probably in 1530 she became the second wife of a rather older Yorkshire gentleman, Sir Anthony Ughtred ... In 1533 or early 1534 they had a son, Henry, and then came a girl, Margery, not yet born when Ughtred died in 1534."
  40. ^ Richardson 2011a, pp. 110–112.
  41. ^ a b c d Allison 1976, pp. 158-164.
  42. ^ Syvret & Carteret 1832, pp. 60–61.
  43. ^ MacCarthy-Morrogh 2016, p. 395.
  44. ^ a b Fuidge 1981.
  45. ^ Shaw & Burtchaell 1906b, p. 90.
  46. ^ Flower 1881, p. 166.
  47. ^ Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, 12(2), 423.
  48. ^ Richardson 2011a, p. 111–112.
  49. ^ Black 1829, p. 63.

References

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[edit]
Political offices
Preceded by Governor of Jersey
1532–1534 		Succeeded by
Sir Arthur Darcy
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