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Arab fascism (Arabic: الفاشية العربية) is a far-right ideology combining fascism with Arab nationalism.
History
[edit]The ideology emerged shortly after the First World War and grew during the interwar period. As the rise of Arab fascism was concurrent with the Arab independence from the Ottomans, Arab fascists were very Anti-Turkish.[1] Arab fascism grew with support from Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, and Arab fascists became increasingly antisemitic after the establishment of Israel.[2][3][4][5] Arab fascism first grew in Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Palestine, and Egypt.[6][7][8][9] Some Arab fascists included Islamism in their nationalism, and some were secular.[10][11]
Michel Aflaq had purchased a copy of The Myth of the Twentieth Century, a book about Nazism.[12] Ba'athism was described by Cyprian Blamires as being inspired by Arab fascism, although with the addition of socialism.[13][14][15] Saddam Hussein was sometimes described as a fascist or being influenced by fascist ideology and state leaders like Adolf Hitler.[16][17][18] In 1941, Arab fascists in Iraq committed the Farhud, an antisemitic pogrom.[19][20][21][22]
See also
[edit]- Al-Muthanna Club
- Free Arabian Legion
- Golden Square (Iraq)
- Islamofascism
- Mein Kampf in Arabic
- Muslim Association of the Lictor
- Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world
- Syrian Social Nationalist Party
- Ziaism
References
[edit]- ^ International Journal of Middle East Studies 42 (2010), 311-32
- ^ Achim Rohde: State-Society Relations in Ba'thist Iraq: Facing Dictatorship, London / New York 2010.
- ^ Islamstudien ohne Ende, ed. Rainer Brunner et al. (= Abhandlungen für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 54,1), Würzburg 2002, 517-528.
- ^ Gershoni / James P. Jankowski: Confronting Fascism in Egypt: Dictatorship Versus Democracy in the 1930s, Stanford 2010;
- ^ Peter Wien: Iraqi Arab Nationalism: Authoritarian, Totalitarian and Pro-Fascist Inclinations, 1932-1941, London / New York 2006.
- ^ Jankowski & Gershoni 1995, p. 69.
- ^ Rabinovich, The war for Lebanon (1989), p. 80
- ^ "Near East: Trouble in Paradise". Time. 21 April 1941.
- ^ René Wildangel: Zwischen Achse und Mandatsmacht: Palästina und der Nationalsozialismus, ed. by Zentrum Moderner Orient (= ZMO- Studien 24), Berlin 2007.
- ^ Hourani, p. 326
- ^ Jankowski 1975, p. 49.
- ^ Wild 1985, p. 131.
- ^ Wistrich, Robert S. (2003). "The Old-New Anti-Semitism". The National Interest (72): 59–70. ISSN 0884-9382. JSTOR 42897483.
- ^ Terrill, W. Andrew (2012). Lessons of the Iraqi De-Ba'athification Program for Iraq's Future and the Arab Revolutions. Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College. ISBN 978-1-58487-527-7.
- ^ Blamires, Cyprian (2006). World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781576079409.
- ^ "Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser Was a Towering Figure Who Left an Ambiguous Legacy". jacobin.com. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
- ^ "This link between Islamist zealot and secular fascist just doesn't add up | Politics | The Guardian". amp.theguardian.com. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
- ^ Coughlin, Con (2005). Saddam: His Rise and Fall. Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0060505431.
- ^ Bashkin, Orit (20 November 2008). The Other Iraq: Pluralism and Culture in Hashemite Iraq. Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804774154.
- ^ Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East & North Africa: D-K Por Philip Mattar, p. 860
- ^ Memories of state: politics, history, and collective identity in modern Iraq by Eric Davis Eric Davis, University of California Press, 2005, P. 14
- ^ Davis, Eric (April 2005). "History Matters: Past as Prologue in Building Democracy in Iraq". Orbis. 49 (2): 232. doi:10.1016/j.orbis.2005.01.004.
Bibliography
[edit]- Blamires, Cyprian (2006). World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781576079409.
- Jankowski, James P. (1975). Egypt's Young Rebels: "Young Egypt": 1933-1952. Hoover Institution Press. ISBN 9780817914516.
- Jankowski, James; Gershoni, Israel (1995). Redefining the Egyptian nation, 1930-1945. Cambridge Middle East Studies. ISBN 9780521475358.
- Wild, Stefan (1 January 1985). "National Socialism in the Arab Near East Between 1933 and 1939". Die Welt des Islams. 25 (1–4): 126–173. doi:10.1163/157006085X00053. JSTOR 1571079 – via JSTOR.
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