Balbalan

Balbalan
Municipality
Municipality of Balbalan
Flag
Map of Kalinga with Balbalan highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Balbalan Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 17°26′37″N 121°12′03″E / 17.4436°N 121.2008°E / 17.4436; 121.2008
Country	Philippines
Region	Cordillera Administrative Region
Province	Kalinga
District	Lone district
Barangays	14 (see Barangays)
Government  [1]
• Type	Sangguniang Bayan
• Mayor	Almar P. Malannag
• Vice Mayor	Rowina Alison Munda C. Damian
• Representative	Allen Jesse C. Mangaoang
• Municipal Council	Members Marc Alvin M. Page Paul B. Bogacon Clarence D. Tongdo Edwin Bruce B. Astudillo Rex L. Dulansi Bernabe C. Basingan Dennis C. Baggas John Smith S. Gullayan
• Electorate	9,602 voters (2022)
Area [2]
• Total	542.69 km2 (209.53 sq mi)
Elevation	1,067 m (3,501 ft)
Highest elevation	2,077 m (6,814 ft)
Lowest elevation	308 m (1,010 ft)
Population  (2020 census)[3]
• Total	12,914
• Density	24/km2 (62/sq mi)
• Households	2,528
Economy
• Income class	3rd municipal income class
• Poverty incidence	10.08 % (2021)[4]
• Revenue	₱ 182.2 million (2020)
• Assets	₱ 350.3 million (2020)
• Expenditure	₱ 115.7 million (2020)
• Liabilities	₱ 105.4 million (2020)
Service provider
• Electricity	Kalinga - Apayao Electric Cooperative (KAELCO)
Time zone	UTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code	3801
PSGC	143201000
IDD : area code	+63 (0)74
Native languages	Kalinga Ilocano Tagalog
Website	www.balbalan.gov.ph

Balbalan, officially the Municipality of Balbalan is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Kalinga, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 12,914 people.^[3]

This town draws its name from an ancient practice. It was said that war parties coming from certain areas in northern Kalinga (probably, the ancient place of Salegseg) used to meet by a creek when mapping out their plan of attack against or when regrouping after attacking a certain village. Since they would always wash (balbal, in the local dialect) their blood-stained bodies and weapons in the creek, the place and its adjacent areas came to be known as Balbalan. Since its violent history, Balbalan has become one of the most peaceful places in Kalinga as dramatized by the selection of one of its ethnic sub-groups, the Salegseg.

The Spaniards made at least 10 incursions^{[nb 1]} into the land of the Kalingas from the early 1600s to the late 1800s, four of which were made from the west (Abra) primarily targeting the regions of Banao and Guinaang.^[5] Although they succeeded around the mid-1800s in establishing a telegraph station in Balbalasang (where, incidentally, they appointed the noted Banao leader Juan Puyao as a gobernadorcillo or councilor) and subsequently hacking out an Ilocos-Abra-Kalinga-Cagayan trail, they failed to establish a foothold in Kalinga.^[6]

Prior to the establishment of American rule in Kalinga, the ethnic sub-groups covered by the present geopolitical configuration of Balbalan were, like other Kalinga communities at that time, organized according to an indigenous system or concept of local governance operating within a “bilateral kinship group” circumscribed by semi-permanent territorial boundary.^{[nb 2][7]}

This period saw the rise of several community leaders often mentioned in Balbalan orature: Sagaoc, Balutoc, Masadao, Gaddawan, Dawegoy, Lang-ayan, Bayudang, Gammong, et al.

When the Americans imposed their system of government over the archipelago, the land of the Kalingas became one of the highlights of their so-called “pacification campaign.” On 18 August 1907, Kalinga, then a sub-province of Lepanto-Bontoc, came under the control of Lt. Gov. Walter Franklin Hale who established his seat of government in Lubuagan where he organized the sub-province into four districts: Tinglayan-Tanudan; Balbalan-Pasil; Pinukpuk-Tobog (Tabuk), and Liwan (Rizal).^[8]

A year later, Act 1870 of the Philippine Commission carved the old Mountain Province out of northern Luzon with Kalinga as one of its five sub-provinces. Kalinga was immediately reorganized into five municipal districts — Lubuagan (including Tanudan and Pasil), Balbalan (including Balinciagao), Tabuk (with Liwan or Rizal), Tinglayan, and Pinukpuk — each led by presidents. Among these municipal chiefs was Puyao^{[nb 3]} who served in that capacity for close to 24 years under five subprovincial chief executives: Walter F. Hale (1907–1915), Alex F. Gilfilan (1915), Samuel E. Kane (1915–1919), Tomas Blanco (1918–1923), and Nicasio Balinag (1923–1936). Puyao did not run for office during the first local elections in the area in 1934, and was succeeded by Awingan. Three years later, municipal chief executives became known as “Municipal District Mayors.”^[9]

In 1942 a Japanese garrison was established in Balbalan.

The old Mountain Province was regularized as a “first class province” in 1959 and new local elections were subsequently held. In Balbalan, Pedro Sagalon was elected mayor (Sugguiyao, 23). From 1988 to the present, government records list the following as mayors: Leonardo Banganan (1988–1992), Edward Calumnag (1992–1995), Rosendo Dakiwag (1995–2001), and Allen J.C. Mangaoang (2001 to 2013).

The present leadership of Balbalan has special significance to those who feared that the death of Juan Puyao in 1948 meant the end of his political bloodline. In the words of Kalinga historian Miguel Sugguiyao (1990, 39):

The late Juan Puyao was not only recognized as a prominent leader in his own Balbalan corner but also in the whole Kalinga as well as the whole undivided Mountain Province. Since his demise in 1948 to the present (1982) no one among the descendants of the late Ex-President Juan Puyao has gained the limelight in Kalinga leadership.

Balbalan is politically subdivided into 14 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

In the 2020 census, the population of Balbalan was 12,914 people,^[3] with a density of 24 inhabitants per square kilometre or 62 inhabitants per square mile.

Poverty incidence of Balbalan

Balbalan, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Kalinga, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

• Balbalasang-Balbalan National Park

Books

• Bacdayan, Albert. The Peace Pact System of the Kalingas in the Modern World. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms, Inc., 1967.
• Barton, Roy F. The Kalingas: Their Institutions and Custom Law. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1949.
• De Los Reyes, Angelo J. & Aloma M. De Los Reyes, eds. Igorot: A People Who Daily Touch the Earth and Sky. Vol. II. Baguio City: Cordillera Schools Group, 1986.
• DILG-CAR. Cordillera Almanac Vol. 1 : Local Government Units. Baguio City: DILG-CAR, 1999.
• Dozier, Edward P. Mountain Arbiters: The Changing Life of a Philippine Hill People. Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona Press, 1966.
• The Kalinga of Northern Luzon, Philippines. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1967.
• Finin Gerard A. The Making of the Igorot: Contours of Cordillera Consciousness. Manila: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2005.
• Jenista, Frank Lawrence. The White Apos: American Governors on the Cordillera Central. Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 1987.
• Lawless, Robert. The Social Ecology of the Kalingas of Northern Luzon. Ann Arbor, MI: Xerox University Microfilms, 1975.
• Scott, William Henry, ed. German Travelers on the Cordillera (1860–1890). Manila: Filipiniana Book Guild, 1975.
• The Discovery of the Igorots: Contacts with the Pagans of Northern Luzon. Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 1974.
• Sugguiyao, Miguel. The Kalinga Hilltribe of the Philippines. Manila: ONCC, 1990.

Periodicals

• Dannang, Noe. “The Rotary Way of Curbing Vindictive Killings.” The Highland Leader. October 1994, 5.
• Scott, William Henry. “Notes on the History of the Mountain Provinces – IV.” University of Baguio Journal, IX-1 (1974): 1-4

• Philippine Standard Geographic Code
• Philippine Census Information
• Local Governance Performance Management System