Bartsia

Bartsia
Bartsia alpina
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Orobanchaceae
Tribe: Rhinantheae
Genus: Bartsia
L.
Bartsia trixago (synonym of Bellardia trixago)
Bartsia chilensis (basionym of Neobartsia chilensis)

Bartsia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae.

Etymology

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Bartsia was named after Johann Bartsch (Latinized as Johannes Bartsius, 1709-1738), a botanist of Königsberg. The plant was named for him by his associate Carl Linnaeus, and the genus has been sometimes spelt as Bartschia.[1]

Starbia, an anagram of Bartsia, is another genus of Orobanchaceae, synonym of Alectra.[2]

Phylogeny

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The phylogeny of the genera of Rhinantheae has been explored using molecular characters.[3][4] Bartsia belongs to the core Rhinantheae. Bartsia sensu stricto (e.g. B. alpina) is the sister genus to Odontites, Bellardia, Tozzia, Hedbergia, and Euphrasia.

Genus-level cladogram of tribe Rhinantheae.
  Rhinantheae  
         

  Melampyrum  

         

  Rhynchocorys  

         

  Lathraea

  Rhinanthus

  Core Rhinantheae  
         

  Bartsia sensu stricto (Bartsia alpina)

         

  Euphrasia

         

  Hedbergia
  (including Bartsia decurva + B. longiflora)

  Tozzia

  Odontites sensu lato
  (including Bartsiella
  and Bornmuellerantha)

         

  Bellardia

         

  Neobartsia
(New World Bartsia)

  Parentucellia

The cladogram has been reconstructed from nuclear and plastid DNA molecular characters (ITS, rps16 intron and trnK region).[3][4]

Classification

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In 1990, the genus was revised to contain 49 species; 45 of them are endemic to the Andes.[5] The most familiar species might be the well-studied Bartsia alpina, which has a circumboreal distribution, occurring throughout northern regions of the Northern Hemisphere.[6] There are also two afromontane species, restricted to the mountains of northeastern Africa: Bartsia decurva and Bartsia longiflora. These two plants, B. alpina, and the many Andean species are three distinct lineages, making the genus polyphyletic.[7][4][8]

As a solution to the problem of Bartsia polyphyly, two taxonomic adjustments have been proposed.

  1. All South American species are reclassified into the new genus Neobartsia.[8] This new name keeps traceability with Bartsia while incorporating information about its New World distribution (in ancient Greek, νέος, i.e. néos, means 'new').
  2. The two African species Bartsia decurva and Bartsia longiflora are reclassified into the existing genus Hedbergia.[4]

Accepted species names include the following taxa classified according to geographic distribution groups.[9][8]

Europe

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Mediterranean Basin

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Northeastern Africa

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Andean South America

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References

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  1. ^ Gentil, Ambroise (1923). Dictionnaire étymologique de la flore française (PDF). Paris: Paul Lechevalier. p. 31.
  2. ^ Burkhardt, Lotte (2018-06-06). Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen - Erweiterte Edition. Index of Eponymic Plant Names - Extended Edition. Index de Noms éponymiques des Plantes - Édition augmentée (in German). Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin. p. B21. doi:10.3372/epolist2018. ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5. S2CID 187926901.
  3. ^ a b Těšitel, Jakub; Říha, Pavel; Svobodová, Šárka; Malinová, Tamara; Štech, Milan (2010-10-28). "Phylogeny, Life History Evolution and Biogeography of the Rhinanthoid Orobanchaceae". Folia Geobotanica. 45 (4): 347–367. Bibcode:2010FolGe..45..347T. doi:10.1007/s12224-010-9089-y. ISSN 1211-9520. S2CID 39873516.
  4. ^ a b c d Scheunert, Agnes; Fleischmann, Andreas; Olano-Marín, Catalina; Bräuchler, Christian; Heubl, Günther (2012-12-14). "Phylogeny of tribe Rhinantheae (Orobanchaceae) with a focus on biogeography, cytology and re-examination of generic concepts". Taxon. 61 (6): 1269–1285. doi:10.1002/tax.616008.
  5. ^ Molau, Ulf (1990). "The genus Bartsia (Scrophulariaceae-Rhinanthoideae)". Opera Botanica. 102: 5–99.
  6. ^ Taylor, K. and F. J. Rumsey. (2003). Bartsia alpina L. Journal of Ecology 91(5), 908-21.
  7. ^ Uribe-Convers, S. and D. Tank. Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Bartsia L. (Orobanchaceae): a mostly South American genus wrapped in a European Clade. Presentation abstract. Botany 2010. Providence, Rhode Island. August 4, 2010.
  8. ^ a b c Uribe-Convers, Simon; Tank, David C. (2016-09-01). "Phylogenetic Revision of the Genus Bartsia (Orobanchaceae): Disjunct Distributions Correlate to Independent Lineages". Systematic Botany. 41 (3): 672–684. doi:10.1600/036364416X692299. S2CID 88752480.
  9. ^ Bartsia. The Plant List.
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