Battle of Gandamak

Battle of Gandamak
	Part of the First Anglo-Afghan War, 1839–1842
	; An 1898 depiction of the last stand of survivors of Her Majesty's 44th Foot at Gandamak
Date	13 January 1842
Location	Kabul–Jalalabad Road, near Gandamak, Afghanistan
Result	Afghan victory
Belligerents
Emirate of Afghanistan	United Kingdom British East India Company;
Commanders and leaders
Wazir Akbar Khan	William Elphinstone (POW)
Strength
Unknown	65 regular troops (20 officers and 45 European soldiers)
Casualties and losses
Unknown	Entire Army

The Battle of Gandamak on 13 January 1842 was a defeat of British forces by Afghan tribesmen in the 1842 retreat from Kabul of General Elphinstone's army, during which the last survivors of the force—twenty officers and forty-five British soldiers of the 44th East Essex Regiment—were killed.^[1]

The biggest single surviving group of men, consisting of 20 officers and 45 European soldiers, mostly infantry from the 44th Regiment of Foot, tried to press on but found themselves surrounded on a snowy hillock near the village of Gandamak. With only 20 working muskets and two shots per weapon, the troops refused to surrender. A British sergeant is said to have cried "not bloody likely!" when the Afghans tried to persuade the soldiers they would spare their lives.^[2]

Sniping then began, followed by a series of rushes; soon the hillock was overrun by tribesmen. An officer named Captain Thomas Alexander Souter was mistaken by the Afghans as a high-ranking officer because they thought he was wearing a general's yellow waistcoat. In fact the officer had wrapped the regimental colours of the 44th Foot around his body. He was dragged into captivity along with a sergeant named Fair and seven privates. The remaining troops were killed.^[2] Traces of weapons and equipment from the battle could be seen in the 1970s and as late as 2010, the bones of the dead still covered the hillside.^[3]

References

^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Gandamak" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 450: see the second line:- "....was the scene of the massacre....".
^ ^a ^b Terence R. Blackburn. David, The extermination of a British army: the retreat from Cabul, 2008 APH Publishing Corporation. p.121
^ Dalrymple, William (8 May 2010). "The Ghosts of Gandamak". New York Times. Retrieved 19 February 2019.

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[1] Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Gandamak" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 450: see the second line:- "....was the scene of the massacre....".

[Terence_R._Blackburn_p.121-2] Terence R. Blackburn. David, The extermination of a British army: the retreat from Cabul, 2008 APH Publishing Corporation. p.121

[3] Dalrymple, William (8 May 2010). "The Ghosts of Gandamak". New York Times. Retrieved 19 February 2019.

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