Bertha Enwald
Bertha Enwald | |
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Born | Bertha Katarina Enwald 10 April 1871 Parikkala, Finland |
Died | 1 January 1957 Huittinen, Finland | (aged 85)
Occupation(s) | architect, inventor |
Bertha Katarina Enwald (10 April 1871 – 1 January 1957) was a Finnish architect, inventor, artist, and drawing teacher. She was the fourth Finnish woman to graduate as an architect.[1]
Early life and education
[edit]Enwald was born on 10 April 1871 in the municipality of Parikkala, Finland[2] to the doctor Kurt Enwald and Johanna Augusta Walle.[3] From 1890, she studied at the Department of Architecture at the Polytechnic College in Helsinki.[4] In 1887, Enwald graduated from the Swedish girls' school in Savonlinna.[2] When Enwald finished her studies in 1894, she became the fourth Finnish woman to graduate as an architect.[1]
Career
[edit]After graduation, Enwald worked as an architect in the cities of Savonlinna and Kuopio.[1] In Kuopio she collaborated in the studios of the architects J. Eskil Hindersson and Leander Ikonen, thus participating in relevant Finnish Art Nouveau projects.[2] The same year she made measurement drawings of
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Nurmes_Church_1.jpg/220px-Nurmes_Church_1.jpg)
Nurmes Church. The church was originally designed by J. Westerlund but had to be altered during construction. Enwald's drawings show the final architectural design of the church.[2] In addition, Enwald designed independently the premises for a pharmacy in Kuopio in 1897.[3]
In 1898, Enwald moved to Saint Petersburg, Russia, where she worked in the studio of the architect Frithiof Mieritz until 1900.[3] It is likely that Enwald was recruited on the recommendation of Mieritz.[5]
From 1900 to 1901, she worked in the office of architect Reinhold Guleke in Tartu, Estonia but returned to Saint Petersburg to the architectural office of Frithiof Mieritz in 1902.[6] Intense work in St. Petersburg on the one hand and the builders' attitude towards a woman as an architect made Enwald think of a career change.[7] Enwald enrolled in the teacher department of Helsinki School of Crafts graduating as drawing and craft teacher in 1904.[8] After graduation, she moved to Pori, western Finland, and worked as a drawing teacher in Pori Lyceum until retirement.[7]
Enwald didn't completely abandon design and architecture, she designed wooden cabins, small wooden houses, and furniture taking advantage of her craft studies and her knowledge of the wood material.[9]
Enwald also excelled as an inventor. In 1927 she developed and patented a device for perspective drawing, Finnish patent number 11404.[7]
Museum of Finnish Architecture has numerous drawings related to Enwald's architectural studies.[2]
Bertha Enwald died on 1 January 1957 in Huittinen, Finland.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c "Arkkitehtuuri- grafiikkaa näytteillä". Turun Sanomat (in Finnish). 2004-04-13. Retrieved 2022-01-28.
- ^ a b c d e "Bertha Enwald". Arkkitehtuurimuseo (in Finnish). Retrieved 2022-01-28.
- ^ a b c d Carreño, Ana (2017-10-04). "BERTHA ENWALD 1871-1957". UN DIA | UNA ARQUITECTA 3 (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-01-28.
- ^ "Historia – Architecta" (in Finnish). Retrieved 2022-01-28.
- ^ Paju, Petri (2018-04-01). "Ensimmäiset naiset insinöörien ja arkkitehtien yhdistyksissä". Tekniikan Waiheita (in Finnish). 36 (1): 5–24. ISSN 2490-0443.
- ^ "Bertha Enwald". Arkkitehtuurimuseo (in Finnish). Retrieved 2022-01-28.
- ^ a b c Paju, Petri (2018-04-01). "Ensimmäiset naiset insinöörien ja arkkitehtien yhdistyksissä". Tekniikan Waiheita (in Finnish). 36 (1): 5–24. ISSN 2490-0443.
- ^ "Arkkitehtuuri- grafiikkaa näytteillä". Turun Sanomat (in Finnish). 2004-04-13. Retrieved 2022-01-28.
- ^ Carreño, Ana (2017-10-04). "BERTHA ENWALD 1871-1957". UN DIA | UNA ARQUITECTA 3 (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-01-28.