East Circassian dialect
The Besleney Kabardian dialect (Adyghe: Беслъэнеибзэ, Besłæneibzæ [bejsɬanejəbza]) is one of the East Circassian dialects and usually considered a dialect of Kabardian. However, because the Besleney tribe lived at the center of Circassia, the Besleney dialect also shares a large number of features with dialects of Western Circassian.
Palatalized velar stops
[edit] Like some other Kabardian dialects, the Besleney dialect has a palatalized voiced velar stop [ɡʲ] ⟨гь⟩, a palatalized voiceless velar stop [kʲ] ⟨кь⟩ and a palatalized velar ejective [kʲʼ] ⟨кӏь⟩ that were merged with дж [d͡ʒ], ч [t͡ʃ] and кӏ [t͡ʃʼ] in most Circassian dialects.[1]
- Besleney гь [ɡʲ] became дж [d͡ʒ] in other dialects:
Meaning | Besleney | Standard Adyghe | Kabardian |
Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA |
chicken | гед | ɡʲad | чэты | t͡ʃatə | джэд | d͡ʒad |
cat | геду | ɡʲadəw | чэтыу | t͡ʃatəw | джэду | d͡ʒadəw |
shirt | гянэ | ɡʲaːna | джанэ | dʒaːna | джанэ | dʒaːna |
to study to read | еген | jaɡʲan | еджэн | jadʒan | еджэн | jadʒan |
glass | абгь | ʔaːbgʲ | апч | ʔaːpt͡ʃ | абдж | ʔaːbd͡ʒ |
game | гегу | ɡʲagʷ | джэгу | d͡ʒagʷ | джэгу | d͡ʒagʷ |
bitter | дыгь | dəɡʲ | дыджы | dəd͡ʒə | дыдж | dəd͡ʒ |
sick | сымаге | səmaːɡʲa | сымаджэ | səmaːd͡ʒa | сымаджэ | səmaːd͡ʒa |
evil | бзаге | bzaːɡʲa | бзаджэ | bzaːd͡ʒa | бзаджэ | bzaːd͡ʒa |
valley | къолаге | qʷalaːɡʲa | къоладжэ | qʷalaːd͡ʒa | къуэладжэ | qʷalaːd͡ʒa |
noon | щэгегъо | ɕaɡʲaːʁʷa | щэджагъо | ɕad͡ʒaːʁʷa | шэджагъуэ | ʃad͡ʒaːʁʷa |
infidel | геур | ɡʲaːwər | джаур | d͡ʒaːwər | джаур | d͡ʒaːwər |
- Besleney кь [kʲ] became ч [t͡ʃ] in other dialects:
Meaning | Besleney | Standard Adyghe | Kabardian |
Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA |
throat | кий | kʲəj | чый | t͡ʃəj | чий | t͡ʃəj |
spleen | ке | kʲa | чэ | t͡ʃa | чэ | t͡ʃa |
to cough | пскен | pskʲan | псчэн | pst͡ʃan | псчэн | pst͡ʃan |
- Besleney кӏь [kʲʼ] became кӏ [t͡ʃʼ] in other dialects:
Meaning | Besleney | Standard Adyghe | Kabardian |
Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA |
egg | кӏенкӏе | kʲʼankʲʼa | кӏэнкӏэ | t͡ʃʼant͡ʃʼa | кӏэнкӏэ | t͡ʃʼant͡ʃʼa |
ceiling | кӏяфэ | kʲʼaːfa | кӏашъо | t͡ʃʼaːʃʷa | кӏафэ | t͡ʃʼaːfa |
rope | кӏяпсэ | kʲʼaːpsa | кӏапсэ | t͡ʃʼaːpsa | кӏапсэ | t͡ʃʼaːpsa |
gun | кӏерахъо | kʲʼaraːχʷa | кӏэрахъо | t͡ʃʼaraːχʷa | кӏэрахъуэ | t͡ʃʼaraːχʷa |
long | кӏихь | kʲʼəħ | кӏыхьэ | t͡ʃʼəħa | кӏыхь | t͡ʃʼəħ |
to kill | укӏин | wkʲʼən | укӏын | wt͡ʃʼən | укӏын | wt͡ʃʼən |
to move away | ӏукӏин | ʔʷəkʲʼən | ӏукӏын | ʔʷət͡ʃʼən | ӏукӏын | ʔʷət͡ʃʼən |
key | ӏункӏибзэ | ʔʷənkʲʼəbza | ӏункӏыбзэ | ʔʷənt͡ʃʼəbza | ӏункӏыбз | ʔʷənt͡ʃʼəbz |
beard | жьакӏе | ʑaːkʲʼa | жакӏэ | ʒaːt͡ʃʼa | жьакӏэ | ʑaːt͡ʃʼa |
poor | тхьэмыщкӏь | tħaməɕkʲʼ | тхьамыкӏ | tħaːmət͡ʃʼ | тхьэмыщкӏэ | tħaməɕt͡ʃʼa |
to be ashamed | укӏитэн | wəkʲʼətan | укӏытэн | wət͡ʃʼətan | укӏытэн | wət͡ʃʼətan |
Palato-alveolar affricates
[edit] The palato-alveolar affricate consonants дж [d͡ʒ], ч [t͡ʃ] and кӏ [t͡ʃʼ] and the retroflex affricate consonants чъ [ʈʂ] and чӏ [ʈʂʼ] became palato-alveolar дж [d͡ʒ], дж [d͡ʒ], кӏ [t͡ʃʼ], дж [d͡ʒ] and кӏ [t͡ʃʼ] in Besleney while in Kabardian they became alveolo-palatal ж [ʒ], ж [ʒ], щӏ [ɕʼ], ж [ʒ] and щӏ [ɕʼ].[2][3]
- Western ч [t͡ʃ] became дж [d͡ʒ] in Besleney and ж [ʒ] in Kabardian :
Meaning | Besleney | Standard Adyghe | Kabardian |
Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA |
cow | джэм | d͡ʒam | чэм | t͡ʃam | жэм | ʒam |
spear | бджы | bd͡ʒə | пчы | pt͡ʃə | бжы | bʒə |
goat | бджэн | bd͡ʒan | пчэн | pt͡ʃan | бжэн | bʒan |
village | джылэ | d͡ʒəla | чылэ | t͡ʃəɮa | жылэ | ʒəɮa |
night | джэщ | d͡ʒam | чэщы | t͡ʃaɕə | жэщ | ʒam |
- Western кӏ [t͡ʃʼ] survived in Besleney and became щӏ [ɕʼ] in Kabardian :
Meaning | Besleney | Standard Adyghe | Kabardian |
Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA |
young man | кӏалэ | t͡ʃʼaːla | кӏалэ | t͡ʃʼaːɮa | щӏалэ | ɕʼaːla |
new | кӏэ | t͡ʃʼa | кӏэ | t͡ʃʼa | щӏэ | ɕʼa |
guest | хьакӏэ | ħaːt͡ʃʼa | хьакӏэ | ħaːt͡ʃʼa | хьащӏэ | ħaːɕʼa |
- Western чъ [ʈʂ] became дж [d͡ʒ] in Besleney and ж [ʒ] in Kabardian :
Meaning | Besleney | Standard Adyghe | Kabardian |
Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA |
tree | джыг | d͡ʒəɣ | чъыгы | ʈʂəɣə | жыг | ʒəɣ |
to sleep | джен | d͡ʒajn | чъыен | ʈʂəjan | жейн | ʒajn |
to run | джэн | d͡ʒan | чъэн | ʈʂan | жэн | ʒan |
to run down | еджэхын | jad͡ʒaxən | ечъэхын | jaʈʂaxən | ежэхын | jaʒaxən |
goat | аджэ | aːd͡ʒa | ачъэ | aːʈʂa | ажэ | aːʒa |
door | бджэ | bd͡ʒa | пчъэ | pʈʂa | бжэ | bʒa |
- Besleney чъ [t͡ʂ] ↔ ш [ʃ] in other dialects:
Meaning | Besleney sub-dialect | Standard Kabardian | Standard Adyghe |
Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA |
horse | чъы | t͡ʂə | шы | ʃə | шы | ʃə |
sister | чъыпхъу | t͡ʂəpχʷ | шыпхъу | ʃəpχʷ | шыпхъу | ʃəpχʷ |
wedding | нысачъэ | nəsaːt͡ʂa | нысашэ | nəsaːʃa | нысашэ | nəsaːʃa |