French
DeutschBig Five (association football)
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The Big Five refers to the association football markets of England, Germany, Spain, Italy and France. As of 2024[update], they are the five European leaders in size and popularity of the main domestic football leagues – the Premier League, Bundesliga, La Liga, Serie A and Ligue 1 respectively in men's football, and the Women's Super League, Frauen-Bundesliga, Liga F, Serie A, and Première Ligue respectively in women's football.
Ace Advisory Zrt., a Hungarian private company in the field of data-driven sports and leisure business consultancy,[1] with services as the Football Benchmark data & analytics platform,[2] ranks Europe's 32 most prominent football clubs by their Enterprise Value (EV) since 2016. In these ranking for 2023, the number of clubs from the Big Five leagues hit a record high of 29, making up 97% of the top 32's total aggregate EV, which further highlights their financial strength.[3] The Premier League, often considered the most competitive and financially lucrative league, generates billions in revenue annually and boasts a worldwide audience.[3] Similarly, Germany's Bundesliga is celebrated for its high attendance rates and fan engagement.[4][5][6] La Liga in Spain is the home to global giants like FC Barcelona and Real Madrid, the most valuable and successful club worldwide, including domestic, European and international club competitions.[3][7] Italy's Serie A, known for its tactical sophistication, has a rich history of European and world champions.[8] France's Ligue 1, while often seen as the underdog comparing to the other Big Five leagues, regarding enterprise value and winning European and international titles, continues to produce world-class talent and is home to Paris Saint-Germain, a club with significant international influence.[3][9]
In women's football, these leagues have been pivotal in increasing the sport's visibility and professional standards. The Women's Super League in England and Frauen-Bundesliga in Germany are among the top destinations for elite female footballers, contributing significantly to the growth of the sport.[10] Spain's Liga F, Italy's Serie A, and France's Division 1 Feminine have made substantial strides in professionalizing women's football and drawing in larger audiences and sponsorships.[11]
Market
[edit]| # | Market Leaders | Revenues (€ billion) | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 'Big Five' top-leagues | 17.2 | 58.3% |
| 2 | All non-'Big Five' leagues | 6.1 | 20.7% |
| 3 | FIFA, UEFA and National Associations | 3.5 | 11.9% |
| 4 | 'Big Five' countries other leagues | 2.7 | 9.2% |
| Revenue from the top national leagues in England, France, Germany, Italy and Spain Revenue from all professional leagues (except top division) in England, France, Germany, Italy and Spain Revenue from all national leagues in all other 50 UEFA associations outside the 'Big Five' FIFA's European revenues, UEFA's revenues (less payments to clubs and associations) and national associations' revenues (less payments to clubs) during the 2021/22 and 2022 seasons (depending on the respective financial year end) | |||
In men's football, the combined resources and revenues of the Big Five domestic leagues dominate world football; according to Statista, they have a combined revenue of €15.6 billion.[13] Within the Big Five, England's Premier League is considerably larger than the other four in terms of both popularity and wealth, with both factors influencing the other; league wealth is mostly derived from selling broadcasting rights to global markets based on the league's popularity worldwide, with competing bids. The German Bundesliga enjoys the highest average match attendance, while brand value is strongest in the main teams of Spain's La Liga, namely Real Madrid and Barcelona.[13]
The UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations have significantly enhanced the financial performance of European football. These regulations eradicated overdue payables and converted an aggregate net loss of EUR 1.7 billion in 2010/11 into a net profit of EUR 579 million in 2016/17. Additionally, net equity positions, reflecting the balance sheet solvency or financial health of European first division clubs, have markedly improved over the past decade, as in the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of net equity for the Big Five leagues, which has ranged from 7.5% in England to 17.9% in France.[3]
Bleacher Report noted that the Big Five all benefit from having "developed their own 'brand' of how football should be played."[14] The website suggested that the Netherlands' top league Eredivisie was considered similarly to the Big Five in footballing terms, but did not reach the same popularity or funding levels because it is overlooked by international fans in favour of the Five.[14]
Quality
[edit]The Big Five are seen as the collective leagues where the best players in the world go to develop and shine,[14] and it is accepted that the Big Five "represent the pinnacle of European football". However, football fans, particularly in different regions, often debate the quality of each league compared to the others.[15] As of 2024[update], the Big Five lead the UEFA coefficient for both men's and women's domestic leagues in Europe.[16][17] The coefficient ranks on performance of domestic teams in European competitions; football analytics website Breaking the Lines suggested that the continued dominance of the Big Five in the coefficient for men's football relies on teams from other nations – which may be as good or better than Big Five teams when fielding their best XI – thinking there is more security in aiming for domestic titles rather than European ones, and Big Five teams having the resources available to perform in both.[15] The dominance of recent times is particularly evident in the most prestigious club competition in European football in the UEFA Champions League, in which only teams from the Big Five have participated in the finals since the 2004 final, where Porto has been the last club outside the Big Five competing in a final.[18] In terms of national teams, they are also the only five European nations that have won the FIFA World Cup.[19]
Women's football has been less consistently centralised and, in Europe, has also been strong in Scandinavia;[20][21] as it became more popular, the largest (men's) football markets invested more, leading to a shift towards teams from the Big Five.[22] Sweden held a spot in the UEFA coefficient instead of Italy through 2022.[17]
In 2021, several men's teams from the Big Five leagues in England, Italy, and Spain attempted to create a European Super League, but received pushback.[13] Teams from Germany and France were reportedly invited to join the project, but declined.
Records and statistics
[edit]Clubs
[edit]Performance in current UEFA top-tier competitions
[edit]| Competition |  Spain |  England |  Italy |  Germany |  France | Note | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Cup / Champions League | Winners | 20 | 15 | 12 | 8 | 1 | 56 of 69 European Cup / UEFA Champions League seasons (81%) has been won by a club from the Big Five |
| Finalists | 31 | 26 | 29 | 19 | 7 | 112 of 138 European Cup / UEFA Champions League finalists (81%) has been clubs from the Big Five | |
| UEFA Cup / Europa League | Winners | 14 | 9 | 10 | 7 | – | 40 of 53 UEFA Cup / Europa League seasons (75%) has been won by a club from the Big Five |
| Finalists | 19 | 17 | 18 | 16 | 5 | 75 of 106 UEFA Cup / Europa League finalists (71%) has been clubs from the Big Five | |
| UEFA Europa Conference League | Winners | – | 1 | 1 | – | – | 2 of 3 UEFA Europa Conference League seasons (67%) has been won by a club from the Big Five |
| Finalists | – | 1 | 3 | – | – | 4 of 6 UEFA Europa Conference League finalists (67%) has been clubs from the Big Five | |
| Grand total | Winners | 34 | 25 | 23 | 15 | 1 | 98 of 125 current UEFA top-tier competitions (78%) has been won by a club from the Big Five |
| Finalists | 50 | 44 | 50 | 35 | 12 | 192 of 250 current UEFA top-tier competition finalists (77%) has been clubs from the Big Five | |
| Competition | Germany | France | Spain | England | Italy | Note | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UEFA Women's Champions League | Winners | 9 | 8 | 3 | 1 | – | 21 of 23 UEFA Women's Champions League seasons (91%) has been won by a club from the Big Five |
| Finalists | 17 | 13 | 5 | 2 | – | 37 of 46 UEFA Women's Champions League finalists (80%) has been clubs from the Big Five | |
Performance in defunct UEFA top-tier competitions
[edit]In contrast to the current UEFA competitions, the Cup Winners Cup also showed a dominance of the Big Five, but this was significantly lower in terms of title success (over 69%) and final participation (over 62%). This should be explained by the fact that only one participant from the respective leagues could take part in this tournament as a national cup winner or national cup finalist, if the cup winner qualified for the European Cup / UEFA Champions League. Therefore only one participant from the respective leagues (unless the defending champions did not qualify for any other UEFA competition, then it were two) took part in this competition.
| Competition | England | Spain | Italy | Germany† | France | Note | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UEFA Cup Winners' Cup (defunct) | Winners | 8 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 27 of 39 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup seasons (69%) were won by a club from the Big Five |
| Finalists | 13 | 14 | 11 | 8 | 3 | 49 of 78 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup finalists (63%) were clubs from the Big Five | |
† excluding clubs from East Germany
List of Champions in the Big Five
[edit]The table below shows the winning teams in all men's Big Five leagues by season.
- Single-year seasons (mostly referring to the championship tournaments in early years) have been converted into currently-used season format.
Sources: English football champions,[23] German football champions,[24] Spanish football champions,[25] Italian football champions,[26] French football champions[27]
Record champions in the Big Five
[edit]| England | Germany | Spain | Italy | France |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
Players
[edit]| Football League First Division / Premier League (1888–1992 / 1992–) | |
| USFSA Championship / Ligue 1 (1896–1932 / 1932–) | |
| German Champions / Bundesliga (1903–1963 / 1963–) | |
| Serie A (1898–) | |
| La Liga (1929–) |
- Bold indicates player is still active at in the Big Five Leagues. Players in italics are still active outside the Big Five Leagues.
List of top scorers in the Big Five Leagues
[edit]- Does not include goals scored in the lower divisions.
- As of 2 November 2024
| Rank | Player | Nationality | Goals | Itemized Goals | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lionel Messi |  Argentina | 496 | (474) ESP (22) FRA | 2004–2023 |
| 2 | Cristiano Ronaldo |  Portugal | 495 | (103) ENG (311) ESP (81) ITA | 2003–2023 |
| 3 | Robert Lewandowski |  Poland | 368 | (312) GER (56) ESP | 2010– |
| 4 | Jimmy Greaves | England | 366 | (357) ENG (9) ITA | 1957–1971 |
| 5 | Gerd Müller | West Germany | 365 | (365) GER | 1965–1979 |
| 6 | Steve Bloomer | England | 314 | (314) ENG | 1892–1914 |
| 7 | Dixie Dean | England | 310 | (310) ENG | 1924–1938 |
| 8 | Zlatan Ibrahimovic |  Sweden | 302 | (156) ITA (16) ESP (113) FRA (17) ENG | 2004–2023 |
| 9 | Delio Onnis | Argentina | 299 | (299) FRA | 1971–1986 |
| 10 | Gordon Hodgson | England | 288 | (288) ENG | 1925–1939 |
| 11 | Alan Shearer | England | 283 | (283) ENG | 1988–2006 |
| 12 | Karim Benzema | France | 281 | (43) FRA (238) ESP | 2004–2023 |
| 13 | Silvio Piola | Italy | 274 | (274) ITA | 1929–1954 |
| 14 | Edinson Cavani |  Uruguay | 267 | (112) ITA (138) FRA (12) ENG (5) ESP | 2007–2023 |
| 15 | Harry Kane | England | 260 | (213) ENG (47) GER | 2012– |
| 16 | Charlie Buchan | England | 258 | (258) ENG | 1912–1928 |
| 17 | David Jack | England | 257 | (257) ENG | 1920–1938 |
| 18 | Raúl | Spain | 256 | (228) ESP (28) GER | 1994–2012 |
| 19 | Nat Lofthouse | England | 255 | (255) ENG | 1946–1960 |
| 20 | Bernard Lacombe | France | 255 | (255) FRA | 1969–1987 |
| 21 | Telmo Zarra | Spain | 251 | (251) ESP | 1940–1955 |
| 22 | Francesco Totti | Italy | 250 | (250) ITA | 1992–2017 |
List of players with the most league titles
[edit]- Does not include titles that the player transferred from the winning club at the beginning or middle of the season.
- The player must played at least one league game for a title to be listed.
| Rank | Player | Nationality | Titles | Itemized Titles | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ryan Giggs |  Wales | 13 | (13) ENG | 1990–2014 |
| 2 | Paco Gento | Spain | 12 | (12) ESP | 1952–1971 |
| 3 | Lionel Messi | Argentina | 12 | (10) ESP (2) FRA | 2004–2023 |
| 4 | Thomas Müller | Germany | 12 | (12) GER | 2008– |
| 5 | David Alaba |  Austria | 12 | (10) GER (2) ESP | 2010– |
| 6 | Paul Scholes | England | 11 | (11) ENG | 1994–2013 |
| 7 | Gianluigi Buffon | Italy | 11 | (10) ITA (1) FRA | 1995–2021 |
| 8 | Arjen Robben |  Netherlands | 11 | (2) ENG (1) ESP (8) GER | 2004–2019 |
| 9 | Thiago Alcântara | Spain | 11 | (4) ESP (7) GER | 2008–2024 |
| 10 | Manuel Neuer | Germany | 11 | (11) GER | 2006– |
| 11 | Robert Lewandowski | Poland | 11 | (10) GER (1) ESP | 2010– |
| 12 | Kingsley Coman | France | 11 | (2) FRA (1) ITA (8) GER | 2012– |
| 13 | Pirri | Spain | 10 | (10) ESP | 1964–1980 |
| 14 | Gary Neville | England | 10 | (10) ENG | 1992–2011 |
| 15 | Zlatan Ibrahimović | Sweden | 10 | (5) ITA (1) ESP (4) FRA | 2004–2023 |
List of players to have played the Big Five Leagues
[edit]The table below show the players who have played in all Big Five Leagues.
| Player | England | France | Germany | Italy | Spain | SCO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Florin Răducioiu | West Ham United | Monaco | VfB Stuttgart | Bari | Espanyol | Yes |
| Brescia | ||||||
| Hellas Verona | ||||||
| Milan | ||||||
 Christian Poulsen | Liverpool | Evian | Schalke 04 | Juventus | Sevilla | No |
 Stevan Jovetić | Manchester City | Monaco | Hertha BSC | Inter Milan | Sevilla | Yes |
| Fiorentina | ||||||
| Justin Kluivert | Bournemouth | Nice | RB Leipzig | Roma | Valencia | Yes |
Managers
[edit]List of managers to have coached the Big Five Leagues
[edit]The table below show the managers who have coached in all Big Five Leagues.
| Manager | England | France | Germany | Italy | Spain |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carlo Ancelotti | Chelsea | Paris Saint-Germain | Bayern Munich | Parma | Real Madrid |
| Juventus | |||||
| Everton | |||||
| Milan | |||||
| Napoli |
Carlo Ancelotti is the first and only manager to have won league titles in all Big Five leagues.[28]
See also
[edit]- Big Five (Eurovision) – the same (UK/England) five European nations as financial powers in another context
- Atlantic League (football) – a proposed competitor for the Big Five
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b Real Madrid were known as Madrid FC from 1931 until 1941.
- ^ a b Atlético Madrid were known as Atlético Aviación from 1939 until 1947.
References
[edit]- ^ "Ace Advisory Company". aceadvisory.eu. Ace Advisory Zrt. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ "Football Benchmark - Home of football business data". footballbenchmark.com. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ a b c d e "Football Clubs' Valuation: The European Elite 2023" (PDF). footballbenchmark.com. Football Benchmark. 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 September 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ "Average attendance of the Big Five soccer leagues in Europe from 2013/14 to 2022/23, by league". statista.com. Statista. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ "How the Bundesliga got the best fans in the world in its 60 years". bundesliga.com. Deutsche Fußball Liga (DFL). 6 May 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ "German fan culture: The secrets behind Bundesliga's famously passionate support". Goal.com. 11 May 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ "The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2024". Forbes. 23 May 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ "Serie A: How Does It Compare to the Rest of Europe?". getfootballnewsitaly.com. Get Football Group. 15 February 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ "Why France's Ligue 1 Has Dropped Out Of UEFA's Top Five Leagues". Forbes. 4 July 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ "How much are Women's Super League teams worth? - The Athletic". The New York Times. 22 May 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ "How much are Women's Super League teams worth?". twocircles.com. Two Circles. 27 February 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ "Football Clubs' Valuation: The European Elite 2023" (PDF). deloitte.com. Deloitte. June 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
- ^ a b c "Topic: Big Five". Statista. Retrieved 2023-05-18.
- ^ a b c Solomon, Michael. "World Football, League Races Outside of the "Big Five" That Deserve Attention". Bleacher Report. Retrieved 2023-05-18.
- ^ a b "The Statistical Ranking of Europe's Top 5 Leagues". Breaking The Lines. Retrieved 2023-05-18.
- ^ UEFA.com. "Country coefficients | UEFA Coefficients". UEFA.com. Retrieved 2023-05-18.
- ^ a b UEFA.com. "Women's association club coefficients | UEFA Coefficients". UEFA.com. Retrieved 2023-05-18.
- ^ "UEFA Champions League statistics handbook". UEFA.com. UEFA. 4 June 2023. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
- ^ "Europeans & the World Cup" (PDF). Football Research in an Enlarged Europe. 27 May 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 August 2014.
- ^ lawson_sv (2019-08-09). "The history of Scandinavia's World Cup successes". All For XI. Retrieved 2023-05-18.
- ^ Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2019-04-03). "Scandinavian women's football: the importance of male and female pioneers in the development of the sport". Sport in History. 39 (2): 207–228. doi:10.1080/17460263.2019.1618389. ISSN 1746-0263. S2CID 181902600.
- ^ Burhan, Asif. "2022: The Year That Changed Women's Soccer In Europe". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-12-30.
- ^ a b "Premier League » Champions". WorldFootball.net. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
- ^ a b "Bundesliga » Champions". WorldFootball.net. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
- ^ a b "Primera División » Champions". WorldFootball.net. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
- ^ a b "Serie A » Champions". WorldFootball.net. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
- ^ a b "Ligue 1 » Champions". WorldFootball.net. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
- ^ Caygill, Graham (30 April 2022). "Carlo Ancelotti's famous five: How Real Madrid La Liga title success completes historic quintet in Europe's major leagues". The Sporting News. Retrieved 30 April 2022.