Bismuth tribromide
| |||
Names | |||
---|---|---|---|
IUPAC name bismuth bromide | |||
Other names bismuth tribromide tribromobismuth tribromobismuthine tribromobismuthane bismuth(III) bromide | |||
Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) | |||
ChemSpider | |||
ECHA InfoCard | 100.029.201 | ||
EC Number |
| ||
PubChem CID | |||
UNII | |||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |||
| |||
| |||
Properties | |||
BiBr3 | |||
Molar mass | 448.692 g·mol−1 | ||
Appearance | white to light yellow or golden deliquescent crystals[1] | ||
Density | 5.72 g/cm3 at 25 °C[1] | ||
Melting point | 219 °C (426 °F; 492 K) [1] | ||
Boiling point | 462 °C (864 °F; 735 K) [1] | ||
Soluble, slow hydrolysis | |||
Solubility | diethyl ether, THF | ||
-147.0·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
Thermochemistry | |||
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | −276[1] | ||
Hazards | |||
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |||
Main hazards | corrosive[2] | ||
GHS labelling: | |||
![]() | |||
Danger | |||
H314 | |||
P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P405, P501 | |||
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
Related compounds | |||
Other anions | bismuth trifluoride bismuth trichloride bismuth triiodide | ||
Other cations | nitrogen tribromide phosphorus tribromide arsenic tribromide antimony tribromide aluminium tribromide iron(III) bromide | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). |
Bismuth tribromide is an inorganic compound of bismuth and bromine with the chemical formula BiBr3.
Preparation
[edit]It may be formed by the reaction of bismuth oxide and hydrobromic acid.[1]
- Bi2O3 + 6 HBr ⇌ 2 BiBr3 + 3 H2O
Bismuth tribromide can also be produced by the direct oxidation of bismuth in bromine.[1]
- 2 Bi + 3 Br2 → 2 BiBr3
Structure
[edit]Bismuth tribromide adopts two different structures in the solid state: a low-temperature polymorph α-BiBr3 that is stable below 158 °C and a high-temperature polymorph β-BiBr3 that is stable above this temperature. Both polymorphs are monoclinic, but α-BiBr3 is in space group P21/a whereas β-BiBr3 is in C2/m. α-BiBr3 consists of pyramidal molecules whereas β-BiBr3 is polymeric and adopts the AlCl3 structure. BiBr3 is the only group 15 trihalide that can adopt both molecular and polymeric structures.[3]
Reactivity
[edit]Bismuth bromide is highly water-soluble. It is a Lewis acid and accepts bromide ions to form monomeric and oligomeric anionic complexes (bromobismuthates), e.g. [BiBr6]3−, [Bi2Br10]4−, (BiBr−
4)n and (BiBr2−
5)n.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 558–561. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
- ^ "Sigma-Aldrich: 654981 Bismuth(III) bromide anhydrous, powder, 99.999% trace metals basis". Archived from the original on 2012-02-11.
- ^ von Benda, Heike (1980). "Zur Polymorphie des Wismuttribromids". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials. 151 (1–4): 271–286. doi:10.1524/zkri.1980.151.14.271. S2CID 96552131.
- ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 564–568. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.