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DeutschBuddhism by country
This list of Buddhism by country shows the distribution of the Buddhist religion, practiced by about 535 million people as of the 2010s,[4] representing 7% to 8% of the world's total population. It also includes other entities such as some territories.
Buddhism is the official religion in four countries, Bhutan, Cambodia, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka.[5] The religion also holds a special status in two countries, Thailand and Laos.
Buddhism is the majority religion in Bhutan, Myanmar, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Mongolia, and Laos. It is also the most followed religion in certain nations or territories without any majority religion, such as Mainland China, Hong Kong,[6] Macau,[7] Japan,[8] Singapore,[9] Taiwan, Vietnam,[10] and Kalmykia in Russia. Large Buddhist populations live in North Korea, Nepal, India and South Korea. China has the largest population of Buddhists, around 470 million or 33.3% of its total population according to the new data of 2023.[1] They are mostly followers of Chinese schools of Mahayana, making this the largest body of Buddhist traditions.
Mahayana, also practised in broader East Asia, is followed by over half of the world's Buddhists.[1] The second largest body of Buddhist schools is Theravada, mostly followed in Southeast Asia and Sri Lanka.[1] The third largest body of schools Vajrayana, is followed mostly in Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, Mongolia and parts of Russia,[1] but is disseminated throughout the world. The fourth largest body of Buddhist schools is Navayana, mostly followed in Maharashtra, India.[11][12]
By country
[edit]Pew Research Center (2010)
[edit]| Country/Territory | Population | % Buddhist | No. of Buddhists |
|---|---|---|---|
 Afghanistan | 31,410,000 | < 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Albania | 3,200,000 | < 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Algeria | 35,470,000 | < 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 American Samoa | 70,000 | 0.3% | < 10,000 |
 Andorra | 80,000 | < 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Angola | 19,080,000 | < 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Argentina | 40,410,000 | < 0.1% | 20,000 |
 Armenia | 3,090,000 | < 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Aruba | 110,000 | 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Australia | 22,270,000 | 2.7% | 600,000 |
 Austria | 8,390,000 | 0.2% | 20,000 |
 Azerbaijan | 9,190,000 | < 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Bahamas | 340,000 | < 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Bahrain | 1,260,000 | 2.5% | 30,000 |
 Bangladesh | 148,690,000 | 0.5% | 720,000 |
 Barbados | 270,000 | < 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Belarus | 9,600,000 | < 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Belgium | 10,710,000 | 0.2% | 30,000 |
 Belize | 310,000 | 0.5% | < 10,000 |
 Benin | 8,850,000 | < 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Bermuda | 60,000 | 0.5% | < 10,000 |
 Bhutan | 730,000 | 74.7% | 540,000 |
 Bolivia | 9,930,000 | < 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Botswana | 2,010,000 | < 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Brazil | 194,950,000 | 0.1% | 250,000 |
 Brunei | 400,000 | 8.6% | 30,000 |
 Bulgaria | 7,490,000 | < 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Burkina Faso | 16,470,000 | < 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Cambodia | 14,140,000 | 96.9% | 13,690,000 |
 Cameroon | 19,600,000 | < 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Canada | 34,020,000 | 0.8% | 280,000 |
 Chad | 11,230,000 | < 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Chile | 17,110,000 | < 0.1% | 10,000 |
 China | 1,341,340,000 | 18.2% | 244,130,000 |
 Colombia | 46,290,000 | < 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Democratic Republic of the Congo | 65,970,000 | < 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Republic of the Congo | 4,040,000 | < 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Costa Rica | 4,660,000 | < 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Côte d'Ivoire | 19,740,000 | < 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Croatia | 4,400,000 | < 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Cuba | 11,260,000 | < 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Cyprus | 1,100,000 | 0.2% | < 10,000 |
 Czech Republic | 10,490,000 | < 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Denmark | 5,550,000 | 0.2% | 10,000 |
 Dominica | 70,000 | 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Dominican Republic | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Ecuador | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Egypt | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 El Salvador | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Estonia | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Ethiopia | < 0.1% | ? | |
 Falkland Islands | < 0.1% | ? | |
 Federated States of Micronesia | 110,000 | 0.4% | < 10,000 |
 Fiji | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Finland | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 France | 62,790,000 | 0.5% | 280,000 |
 French Guiana | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 French Polynesia | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Germany | 82,300,000 | 0.3% | 210,000 |
 Ghana | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Greece | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Guam | 180,000 | 1.1% | < 10,000 |
 Guatemala | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Guinea | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Guyana | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Haiti | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Honduras | 7,600,000 | 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Hong Kong | 7,050,000 | 13.2% | 930,000 |
 Hungary | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Iceland | 320,000 | 0.4% | < 10,000 |
 India | 1,224,610,000 | 0.8% | 9,250,000 |
 Indonesia | 266,535,000 | 0.8% | 2,062,150 |
 Iran | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Iraq | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Ireland | 4,470,000 | 0.2% | < 10,000 |
 Israel | 7,420,000 | 0.3% | 20,000 |
 Italy | 60,550,000 | 0.2% | 110,000 |
 Jamaica | 2,740,000 | < 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Japan | 126,540,000 | 36.2% | 45,820,000 |
 Jordan | 6,190,000 | 0.4% | 20,000 |
 Kazakhstan | 16,030,000 | 0.2% | 40,000 |
 Kenya | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 North Korea | 24,350,000 | 1.5% | 370,000 |
 South Korea | 48,180,000 | 22.9% | 11,050,000 |
 Kuwait | 2,740,000 | 2.8% | 80,000 |
 Kyrgyzstan | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Laos | 6,200,000 | 66.1% | 4,100,000 |
 Latvia | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Lebanon | 4,230,000 | 0.2% | < 10,000 |
 Lesotho | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Liberia | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Libya | 6,360,000 | 0.3% | 20,000 |
 Liechtenstein | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Lithuania | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Luxembourg | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Macau | 540,000 | 17.3% | 90,000 |
 Madagascar | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Malawi | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Malaysia | 28,400,000 | 19.8% | 5,010,000 |
 Maldives | 320,000 | 0.6% | < 10,000 |
 Mali | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Malta | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Martinique | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Mauritius | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Mexico | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Mongolia | 2,760,000 | 55.1% | 1,520,000 |
 Montenegro | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Morocco | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Mozambique | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Myanmar (Burma) | 47,960,000 | 89.9% | 38,410,000 |
 Namibia | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Nauru | 10,000 | 1.1% | < 10,000 |
 Nepal | 29,960,000 | 10.3% | 3,080,000 |
 Netherlands | 16,610,000 | 0.2% | 40,000 |
 New Caledonia | 250,000 | 0.6% | < 10,000 |
 New Zealand | 4,370,000 | 1.6% | 70,000 |
 Nicaragua | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Nigeria | 158,420,000 | < 0.1% | 10,000 |
 North Macedonia | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Northern Mariana Islands | 60,000 | 10.6% | < 10,000 |
 Norway | 4,880,000 | 0.6% | 30,000 |
 Oman | 2,780,000 | 0.8% | 20,000 |
 Pakistan | 173,590,000 | < 0.1% | 20,000 |
 Palau | 20,000 | 0.8% | < 10,000 |
 Palestine | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Panama | 3,520,000 | 0.2% | < 10,000 |
 Papua New Guinea | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Paraguay | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Peru | 29,080,000 | 0.2% | 50,000 |
 Philippines | 93,260,000 | 2.0% | 1,861,600 |
 Poland | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Portugal | 10,680,000 | 0.6% | 60,000 |
 Puerto Rico | 3,750,000 | 0.3% | 10,000 |
 Qatar | 1,760,000 | 3.1% | 50,000 |
| Réunion | 850,000 | 0.2% | < 10,000 |
 Romania | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Russia | 142,960,000 | 0.1% | 170,000 |
 Saudi Arabia | 27,450,000 | 0.3% | 90,000 |
 Senegal | 12,430,000 | 0.3% | < 10,000 |
 Serbia | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Seychelles | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Sierra Leone | 5,870,000 | 0.3% | < 10,000 |
 Singapore | 5,090,000 | 33.9% | 1,730,000 |
 Slovakia | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Slovenia | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Solomon Islands | 540,000 | 0.3% | < 10,000 |
 South Africa | 50,130,000 | 0.2% | 100,000 |
 Spain | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Sri Lanka | 20,860,000 | 69.3% | 14,450,000 |
 Sudan | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Suriname | 520,000 | 0.6% | < 10,000 |
 Swaziland | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Sweden | 9,380,000 | 0.4% | 40,000 |
 Switzerland | 7,660,000 | 0.4% | 30,000 |
 Taiwan | 23,220,000 | 21.3% | 4,950,000 |
 Tajikistan | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Tanzania | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Thailand | 69,120,000 | 93.2% | 64,420,000 |
 Togo | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Tonga | 100,000 | < 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Tunisia | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Trinidad and Tobago | 1,340,000 | 0.3% | < 10,000 |
 Turkey | 72,750,000 | < 0.1% | 40,000 |
 Turkmenistan | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Tuvalu | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Uganda | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Ukraine | 45,450,000 | < 0.1% | 20,000 |
 United Arab Emirates | 7,510,000 | 2.0% | 150,000 |
 United Kingdom | 62,040,000 | 0.4% | 240,000 |
 United States | 310,380,000 | 1.2% | 3,570,000 |
 Uruguay | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 US Virgin Islands | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Uzbekistan | 27,440,000 | < 0.1% | < 10,000 |
 Vanuatu | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Venezuela | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Vietnam | 87,850,000 | 16.4% | 14,380,000 |
 Yemen | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Zambia | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
 Zimbabwe | < 0.1% | < 10,000 | |
| World | 6,895,890,000 | 7.1% | 487,540,000 |
Other data
[edit]| Country/territory | Population | % Buddhist | No. of Buddhists | Year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Argentina | 47,327,407 | 2022 | National census | ||
| Australia | 25,422,788 | 2.4% | 615,800 | 2021 | National census[13] |
| Bangladesh | 165,158,616 | 0.61% | 2022 | National census[14] | |
| Belgium | 0.3% | 2018 | Other[15] | ||
| Bhutan | 735,553 | 2017 | National census | ||
| Cambodia | 97.9% | 2013 | Other[16] | ||
| Canada | 1.1% | 366,830 | 2011 | Census[17][18] | |
| China | 33.4% | 470,000,000 | 2023 | Studies[19] | |
| Costa Rica | 2.34% | 100,000 | 2012 | Other[20] | |
| Denmark | 1.1% | 64,000 | 2018 | Other[21] | |
| Germany | 270,000 | 2016 | Other[22] | ||
| India | 1,210,854,977 | 0.7% | 8,442,972 | 2011 | National census |
| Italy | 0.3% | 160,000 | Caritas Italiana[23] | ||
| Japan | 67.0% | 84,336,539 | 2018 | ACA Religious Yearbook[24] | |
| Up to 20.0% | 2017 | JGSS[25] | |||
| Kuwait | 4.0% | 100,000 | 2006 | Other[26] | |
| Macau | 80.0% | 455,000 | 2012 | Government report[27] | |
| Mongolia | Up to 93.0% | Other[28] | |||
| Myanmar | 50,279,900 | 89.8% | 45,185,449 | 2014 | National census[29] |
| Oman | 1.2% | 30,501 | Other[30] | ||
| Philippines | 1,861,600 | Other[31] | |||
| Russia | 0.6% | 866,500 | 2016 | Other[32] | |
| Saudi Arabia | 1.5% | 414,016 | 2007 | Other[33] | |
| Singapore | 4,044,210 | 31.1% | 1,257,749 | 2020 | National census |
| Sri Lanka | 20,359,439 | 70.2% | 14,272,056 | 2011 | National census[34] |
| Sweden | 0.7% | 57,064 | 2020 | Other[35] | |
| Taiwan | 35.0% | 8,050,000 | 2006 | Other[36] | |
| Thailand | 67,706,048 | 93.5% | 63,299,193 | 2018 | National census |
| 94.5% | 63,620,298 | 2015 | Census[37] | ||
| United Arab Emirates | 5.0% | 222,201 | 2006 | Other[38][39] | |
| Vietnam | Up to 66.7% | Other[40] |
By region
[edit]| Region | Estimated total population | Estimated Buddhist population | % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Asia-Pacific | 4,054,990,000 | 481,290,000 | 11.9% |
| North America | 344,530,000 | 3,860,000 | 1.1% |
| Europe | 742,550,000 | 1,330,000 | 0.2% |
| Middle East-North Africa | 341,020,000 | 500,000 | 0.1% |
| Latin America-Caribbean | 590,080,000 | 410,000 | <0.1% |
| Total | 6,895,890,000 | 487,540,000 | 7.1% |
Ten countries with the largest Buddhist populations
[edit]| Country | Estimated Buddhist population | % of the total population of the country | % of world Buddhist population |
|---|---|---|---|
| China | 244,130,000 | 18.2% | 50.1% |
| Thailand | 64,420,000 | 94.5% | 13.2% |
| Japan | 45,820,000 | 36.2% | 9.4% |
| Myanmar | 38,410,000 | 87.9% | 7.9% |
| Vietnam | 14,910,000 | 14.9% | 2.9% |
| Sri Lanka | 14,450,000 | 70.2% | 3.0% |
| Cambodia | 13,690,000 | 96.9% | 2.8% |
| South Korea | 11,050,000 | 22.9% | 2.3% |
| India | 9,250,000 | 0.8% | 1.9% |
| Malaysia | 5,010,000 | 19.8% | 1.0% |
| Subtotal for the ten countries | 460,620,000 | (% of total of all ten countries) 15.3% | 94.5% |
| Subtotal for the rest of the world | 26,920,000 | (% of rest of world population) 0.4% | 5.5% |
| World total | 487,540,000 | 7.1% | 100% |
See also
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Buddhism by country.
General:
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h "Global Religious Landscape: Buddhists". Pew Research Center. 18 December 2012. Archived from the original on 28 January 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
- ^ Johnson, Todd M.; Grim, Brian J. (2013). The World's Religions in Figures: An Introduction to International Religious Demography (PDF). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 34–37. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
- ^ Harvey, Peter (2013). An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-521-67674-8. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
- ^ Estimates include: 488 million (Pew 2012),[1] 495 million (Johnson & Grim 2013),[2] and 535 million (Harvey 2013).[3]
- ^ Mitchell, T. (2022, April 26). Many countries favor specific religions. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2017/10/03/many-countries-favor-specific-religions-officially-or-unofficially/ Archived 20 September 2023 at the Wayback Machine
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- ^ Kuah, Khun Eng (1991). "State and Religion: Buddhism and NationalBuilding in Singapore". Pacific Viewpoint. 32 (1): 24–42. doi:10.1111/apv.321002. ISSN 2638-4825.
- ^ "Vietnam Buddhism". Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
- ^ "Manu Moudgil, Dalits Are Still Converting to Buddhism, but at a Dwindling Rate, The Quint, 17.06.17". 17 June 2017. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
- ^ Moudgil, Manu (July 2017). "Conversion To Buddhism Has Brought Literacy, Gender Equality And Well-Being To Dalits – IndiaSpend-Journalism India -Data Journalism India-Investigative Journalism-IndiaSpend". indiaspend.com. Archived from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
- ^ "Religious affiliation in Australia | Australian Bureau of Statistics". abs.gov.au. 7 April 2022. Archived from the original on 19 November 2022. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
- ^ "Census 2022: Number of Muslims increased in the country". dhakatribune.com. 27 July 2022. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
- ^ Eurobarometer 90.4: Attitudes of Europeans towards Biodiversity, Awareness and Perceptions of EU customs, and Perceptions of Antisemitism. European Commission. Archived from the original on 13 March 2020. Retrieved 9 August 2019 – via GESIS.
- ^ "The World Factbook". Archived from the original on 10 June 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
- ^ "Religions in Canada—Census 2011". Statistics Canada/Statistique Canada. 8 May 2013. Archived from the original on 19 December 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
- ^ "North America :: Canada – The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. 14 December 2021. Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
- ^ 2023 approximations of the statistics from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) of the year 2018, as contained in the following analyses:
- "Measuring Religion in China" (PDF). Pew Research Center. 30 August 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 September 2023."Measuring Religions in China". 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 September 2023. A compilation of statistics from reliable surveys held throughout the 2010s and early 2020s, with an emphasis on the CFPS 2018.
- the 2010s and early 2020s, with an emphasis on the CFPS 2018.
- Wenzel-Teuber, Katharina (2023). "Statistics on Religions and Churches in the People's Republic of China – Update for the Year 2022" (PDF). Religions & Christianity in Today's China. XIII. China Zentrum: 18–44. ISSN 2192-9289. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 June 2023.
- Zhang, Chunni; Lu, Yunfeng; He, Sheng (2021). "Exploring Chinese folk religion: Popularity, diffuseness, and diversities" (PDF). Chinese Journal of Sociology. 7 (4). SAGE Publications: 575–592. doi:10.1177/2057150X211042687. ISSN 2057-150X. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 October 2023.
- ^ "Buddhism in Costa Rica". The Costa Rican News. 2012. Archived from the original on 16 December 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ^ "Eurobarometer 90.4 (December 2018): Attitudes of Europeans towards Biodiversity, Public Perception of Illicit Tobacco Trade, Awareness and Perceptions of EU customs, and Perceptions of Antisemitism", Special Eurobarometer, European Union: European Commission, 2018, archived from the original on 19 May 2020, retrieved 26 August 2019 – via GESIS
- ^ "Mitgliederzahlen: Buddhismus" (in German). Remid.de. Archived from the original on 13 May 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). db.caritas.glauco.it. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 November 2007. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ 宗教年鑑 令和元年版 [Religious Yearbook 2019] (PDF) (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs, Government of Japan. 2019. p. 35. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 December 2020. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
- ^ Iwai, Noriko (11 October 2017). Measuring religion in Japan: ISM, NHK and JGSS (PDF) (Report). JGSS Research Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
- ^ "International Religious Freedom Report: Kuwait". Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 14 November 2019.
- ^ "state.gov". Archived from the original on 22 January 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
- ^ "Mongolia". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ^ Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population MYANMAR (July 2016). The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Census Report Volume 2-C. Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population MYANMAR. pp. 12–15. Archived from the original on 27 April 2020. Retrieved 14 November 2019.
- ^ "The UK's Leading SEO Company for SME & Enterprise". Archived from the original on 30 September 2007.
- ^ "The International Day of Vesak | Philippines". Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
- ^ "ФСО доложила о межконфессиональных отношениях в РФ". ZNAK. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 15 April 2017.
- ^ "International Religious Freedom Report: Saudi Arabia". 14 September 2007. Archived from the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
- ^ Department of Census and Statistics,The Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka-2011 Archived 7 January 2019 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Willander, Erika (2020). Ett mångreligiöst Sverige i förändring. Bromma: Myndigheten för stöd till trossamfund. ISBN 978-91-983453-5-3.
- ^ TAIWAN Archived 12 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Population by religion, region and area, 2015" (PDF). NSO. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 December 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
- ^ "International Religious Freedom Report: United Arab Emirates". Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
- ^ "Country Profiles". Archived from the original on 27 September 2007.
- ^ Zatko, Martin; Emmons, Ron (12 July 2012). The Rough Guide to Vietnam. Rough Guides UK. ISBN 978-1-4093-5936-4. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
External links
[edit]- The US State Department's International Religious Freedom Report 2010
- CIA FactBook Archived 10 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- adherents.com
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