CLCN2

CLCN2
Identifiers
Aliases	CLCN2, CIC-2, CLC2, ECA2, ECA3, EGI11, EGI3, EGMA, EJM6, EJM8, LKPAT, clC-2, chloride voltage-gated channel 2, HALD2
External IDs	OMIM: 600570; MGI: 105061; HomoloGene: 3213; GeneCards: CLCN2; OMA:CLCN2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 3 (human)
End	184,361,650 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 16 (mouse)
End	20,536,496 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	mucosa of transverse colon; ; tibial nerve; ; sural nerve; ; right testis; ; left testis; ; right hemisphere of cerebellum; ; C1 segment; ; rectum; ; gallbladder; ; right ovary;
	Top expressed in
	intestinal villus; ; visual cortex; ; duodenum; ; primary visual cortex; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; jejunum; ; large intestine; ; colon; ; renal capsule; ; spermatocyte;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	voltage-gated ion channel activity; chloride channel activity; voltage-gated chloride channel activity; protein binding;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane; plasma membrane; membrane; chloride channel complex; integral component of plasma membrane;
Biological process	cell differentiation involved in salivary gland development; ion transmembrane transport; chloride transport; regulation of ion transmembrane transport; ion transport; retina development in camera-type eye; transmembrane transport; chloride transmembrane transport; regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	1181
	12724
	ENSG00000114859
	ENSMUSG00000022843
	P51788
	Q9R0A1
	NM_001171087; NM_001171088; NM_001171089; NM_004366
	NM_009900
	NP_001164558; NP_001164559; NP_001164560; NP_004357
	NP_034030
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Chloride channel protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLCN2 gene.^[5]^[6] Mutations of this gene have been found to cause leukoencephalopathy^[7] and Idiopathic generalised epilepsy (OMIM: 600699),^[8] although the latter claim has been disputed.^[9]

A gain of function mutation in the CLCN2 gene was found to cause primary aldosteronism,^[10] a form of arterial hypertension due to excessive production of aldosterone by the neuroendocrine cells of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland. The mutation was found to cause a chloride leak in these cells and increased the expression of aldosterone synthase.^[11]

CLCN2 contains a transmembrane region that is involved in chloride ion transport as well two intracellular copies of the CBS domain.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000114859 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000022843 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Cid LP, Montrose-Rafizadeh C, Smith DI, Guggino WB, Cutting GR (March 1995). "Cloning of a putative human voltage-gated chloride channel (CIC-2) cDNA widely expressed in human tissues". Human Molecular Genetics. 4 (3): 407–13. doi:10.1093/hmg/4.3.407. PMID 7795595.
^ "Entrez Gene: CLCN2 chloride channel 2".
^ Depienne C, Bugiani M, Dupuits C, Galanaud D, Touitou V, Postma N, et al. (July 2013). "Brain white matter oedema due to ClC-2 chloride channel deficiency: an observational analytical study". The Lancet. Neurology. 12 (7): 659–68. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70053-X. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0018-F3BD-9. PMID 23707145. S2CID 16634353.
^ Combi R, Grioni D, Contri M, Redaelli S, Redaelli F, Bassi MT, et al. (April 2009). "Clinical and genetic familial study of a large cohort of Italian children with idiopathic epilepsy". Brain Research Bulletin. 79 (2): 89–96. doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.01.008. PMID 19200853. S2CID 3036929.
^ Niemeyer MI, Cid LP, Sepúlveda FV, Blanz J, Auberson M, Jentsch TJ (January 2010). "No evidence for a role of CLCN2 variants in idiopathic generalized epilepsy". Nature Genetics. 42 (1): 3. doi:10.1038/ng0110-3. PMID 20037607.
^ Fernandes-Rosa, Fabio L.; Daniil, Georgios; Orozco, Ian J.; Göppner, Corinna; El Zein, Rami; Jain, Vandana; Boulkroun, Sheerazed; Jeunemaitre, Xavier; Amar, Laurence; Lefebvre, Hervé; Schwarzmayr, Thomas; Strom, Tim M.; Jentsch, Thomas J.; Zennaro, Maria-Christina (March 2018). "A gain-of-function mutation in the CLCN2 chloride channel gene causes primary aldosteronism". Nature Genetics. 50 (3): 355–361. doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0053-8. ISSN 1546-1718.
^ Stowasser, Michael; Wolley, Martin; Wu, Aihua; Gordon, Richard D.; Schewe, Julia; Stölting, Gabriel; Scholl, Ute I. (April 2019). "Pathogenesis of Familial Hyperaldosteronism Type II: New Concepts Involving Anion Channels". Current Hypertension Reports. 21 (4). doi:10.1007/s11906-019-0934-y. ISSN 1522-6417.

External links

CLCN2+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Human CLCN2 genome location and CLCN2 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000114859 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000022843 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid7795595-5] Cid LP, Montrose-Rafizadeh C, Smith DI, Guggino WB, Cutting GR (March 1995). "Cloning of a putative human voltage-gated chloride channel (CIC-2) cDNA widely expressed in human tissues". Human Molecular Genetics. 4 (3): 407–13. doi:10.1093/hmg/4.3.407. PMID 7795595.

[entrez-6] "Entrez Gene: CLCN2 chloride channel 2".

[7] Depienne C, Bugiani M, Dupuits C, Galanaud D, Touitou V, Postma N, et al. (July 2013). "Brain white matter oedema due to ClC-2 chloride channel deficiency: an observational analytical study". The Lancet. Neurology. 12 (7): 659–68. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70053-X. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0018-F3BD-9. PMID 23707145. S2CID 16634353.

[pmid19200853-8] Combi R, Grioni D, Contri M, Redaelli S, Redaelli F, Bassi MT, et al. (April 2009). "Clinical and genetic familial study of a large cohort of Italian children with idiopathic epilepsy". Brain Research Bulletin. 79 (2): 89–96. doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.01.008. PMID 19200853. S2CID 3036929.

[pmid20037607-9] Niemeyer MI, Cid LP, Sepúlveda FV, Blanz J, Auberson M, Jentsch TJ (January 2010). "No evidence for a role of CLCN2 variants in idiopathic generalized epilepsy". Nature Genetics. 42 (1): 3. doi:10.1038/ng0110-3. PMID 20037607.

[10] Fernandes-Rosa, Fabio L.; Daniil, Georgios; Orozco, Ian J.; Göppner, Corinna; El Zein, Rami; Jain, Vandana; Boulkroun, Sheerazed; Jeunemaitre, Xavier; Amar, Laurence; Lefebvre, Hervé; Schwarzmayr, Thomas; Strom, Tim M.; Jentsch, Thomas J.; Zennaro, Maria-Christina (March 2018). "A gain-of-function mutation in the CLCN2 chloride channel gene causes primary aldosteronism". Nature Genetics. 50 (3): 355–361. doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0053-8. ISSN 1546-1718.

[11] Stowasser, Michael; Wolley, Martin; Wu, Aihua; Gordon, Richard D.; Schewe, Julia; Stölting, Gabriel; Scholl, Ute I. (April 2019). "Pathogenesis of Familial Hyperaldosteronism Type II: New Concepts Involving Anion Channels". Current Hypertension Reports. 21 (4). doi:10.1007/s11906-019-0934-y. ISSN 1522-6417.

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CLCN2

See also

References

Further reading

External links