Caño Limón–Coveñas pipeline

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Caño Limón – Coveñas pipeline
Location
Country	Colombia
Province	Arauca Department, Norte de Santander Department, Sucre Department
From	Caño Limón oilfield
To	Coveñas
General information
Type	crude oil
Owner	Ecopetrol, Occidental Petroleum
Commissioned	1986
Technical information
Length	780 km (480 mi)
Maximum discharge	0.225 million barrels per day (~1.12×10^7 t/a)

The Caño Limón – Coveñas pipeline is a crude oil pipeline in Colombia from the Caño Limón oilfield in the municipalities of Arauca and Arauquita in Arauca Department on the border of Venezuela to Coveñas on Colombia's Caribbean coastline. It is jointly owned by the state oil firm Ecopetrol, and U.S. company Occidental Petroleum. The pipeline is 780 kilometres (480 mi) long.

The pipeline was opened in 1986. During its existence, the pipeline has often been attacked by guerrilla organizations that oppose the Colombian government. The National Liberation Army (ELN), which has traditionally been involved in such attacks, charged in a communique that "in our country, energy policy does not prioritize investment (in Colombia) but rather exploitation and consumption that sacrifices future generations." Together with the FARC, they have repeatedly sabotaged and exploded sections of the pipeline.

The Colombian government has militarized the area in response. For several years a security tax was imposed on oil producers in the region, which have also been targeted by guerrilla extortion and kidnappings. Occidental Petroleum also contracted the security firm AirScan to aid the Colombian military in the defense of its operations.

In 2001, there were 170 attacks on the pipeline. The pipeline was out of operation for 266 days of that year. The government estimates that these bombings potentially reduced the GDP of Colombia by 0.5%. Occidental Petroleum lobbied and testified for increased American involvement in protecting the pipeline. The government of the United States increased military aid by $98 million, in 2003, to Colombia to assist in the effort to defend the pipeline. Attacks on the pipeline have subsequently been reduced during the following years.

In 1998, AirScan misidentified the village of Santo Domingo as a hostile guerrilla target, leading to a December 18 cluster bomb attack by the Colombian military which killed eighteen civilians, including nine children. The incident led to different legal actions against all the parties involved, some of which are still in progress.^[1]

• Guahibo people
• U'wa people
• Plan Colombia
• Ocensa pipeline

This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (February 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

• Project Underground, "Blood of Our Mother", August 1998.
• Douglass W. Cassel Jr., "A CORPORATE COVER-UP?, Chicago Daily Law Bulletin, January 9, 2003.
• American Friends Service Committee, U.S. Military Aid and Oil Interests in Colombia.
• T. Christian Miller, A Colombian Village Caught in a Cross-Fire, Los Angeles Times, March 17, 2002.
• Bill Weinberg, STATE OF SIEGE IN ARAUCA: Indigenous Peoples, Civil Society Under Attack in Colombia's Oil Zone.