Bad Cannstatt

Bad Cannstatt
Borough of Stuttgart
Coat of arms
Location in Stuttgart
Bad Cannstatt Show map of Germany Bad Cannstatt Show map of Baden-Württemberg
Coordinates: 48°48′20.16″N 9°12′50.76″E / 48.8056000°N 9.2141000°E / 48.8056000; 9.2141000
Country	Germany
State	Baden-Württemberg
Admin. region	Stuttgart
District	Urban district
City	Stuttgart
Subdivisions	19 Boroughs
Area
• Total	15.713 km2 (6.067 sq mi)
Elevation	205 m (673 ft)
Population  (2020-12-31)[1]
• Total	70,600
• Density	4,500/km2 (12,000/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes	70331–70378
Dialling codes	0711
Vehicle registration	S
Website	Stuttgart website

Bad Cannstatt, also called Cannstatt (until July 23, 1933)^[2] or Kannstadt (until 1900), is one of the outer stadtbezirke, or city boroughs, of Stuttgart in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Bad Cannstatt is the oldest and most populous of Stuttgart's boroughs, and one of the most historically significant towns in the area of Stuttgart.^[a] The town is home to the Cannstatter Wasen and Cannstatter Volksfest beer festivals, the MHPArena (VfB Stuttgart), the Hanns-Martin-Schleyer-Halle, and the Porsche-Arena.

Bad Cannstatt's name originates from a Castra stativa, Cannstatt Castrum, the massive Roman Castra that was erected on the hilly ridge in AD 90 to protect the valuable river crossing and local trade.^[4][5] In the past, Bad Cannstatt has been known as simply Cannstatt or Kannstatt,^[6] Cannstadt, Canstatt, Kanstatt, and Condistat.^[7] Its name was changed to include "Bad" (German: Bath) to mention the town's spas on 23 July 1933.

Bad Cannstatt lies on the Neckar at the convergence of various regional trails.^[7] The area was inhabited by the Seelberg mammoth hunters during the last glacial period.^[8] The town was founded during the Roman period, records survive of Roman knowledge of the area's springs.^[6] The nearby Sielberg is notable for its caverns and fossils.^[7]

In 746 Carloman, Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, called a council at Cannstatt, arrested and executed virtually all nobles of the Alemanni. This marks the transfer of power from the Alemanni to the emerging Carolingians.^[9] The present name first appeared as the seat of a court held by Charlemagne in the 8th century while trying the rebellious dukes of Alemannia and Bavaria.

Cannstatt was the capital of the county of Württemberg into the 14th^[6] or 15th century;^[7] the Rotenberg was the location of the ruling house's ancestral castle.^[6] Cannstatt subsequently formed part of the duchy, electorate, and kingdom of Württemberg. It lay about 2.5 miles (4 km) from Stuttgart proper,^[7] although it has since grown to include Bad Cannstatt. In the 13th or 14th century, Louis the Bavarian expanded its rights and privileges to equality with Esslingen. Its 15th-century cathedral was dedicated to St Uffo.^[7] In 1755, the Great Lisbon earthquake caused the town hall to subside about 3 feet (1 m).^[10] During the wars which followed the French Revolution, the town was the site on 21 July 1796 of a French victory over the Austrian Empire.^[6]

In the 19th century, it boasted an attractive town hall, a royal theater, a market house, the Wilhelma and Rosenstein palaces, and extensive industry including wool-spinning, dyeing, steelmaking, and construction of machinery. There were then about 40 mineral springs, which were considered beneficial for "dyspepsia and weakness of the nervous system",^[7] as well as "diseases of the throat".^[6] Cannstatt was the site of Gottlieb Daimler's invention of the first petroleum-fueled automobile in 1886^[11] and housed an automotive factory before the First World War. Around that time, it also had notable railway and chemical works and a brewery. Cannstatt was incorporated into Stuttgart in 1904.^[6]

Of the 19 surviving mineral springs, 11 are recognized as state wells.^{[clarification needed]} In the world, it is now second to only Újbuda in Budapest, Hungary, in scale.^[12] The Mombach spring is the only one that releases its water without pressure in large quantities; its outflow is used in the adjacent baths and the Wilhelma spa.^{[citation needed]}

Famous people associated with Bad-Cannstatt include:

• Gottlieb Daimler, inventor of the first automobile, developed in Cannstatt, and part-founder of Daimler-Benz. (Karl Benz independently invented a successful automobile in the same year, 96 km away in Ladenburg.)
• Emy Gordon (née von Beulwitz), writer, translator and Catholic activist

• Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), "Canstatt" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 26–27.
• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), "Cannstatt" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 189.