Chatham Main Line

Chatham Main Line
Southeastern Class 465/9 Networker at Chatham in 2015
Overview
Status	Operational
Owner	Network Rail
Locale	Greater London South East England
Termini	London Victoria Ramsgate Dover Priory
Stations	40
Service
Type	Commuter rail, Heavy rail
System	National Rail
Operator(s)	SE Trains Thameslink
Depot(s)	Gillingham EMUD, Ramsgate EMUD, Grovesnor Carriage Shed
Rolling stock	Class 375 "Electrostar" Class 377 "Electrostar" Class 395 "Javelin" Class 465 "Networker" Class 466 "Networker" Class 700 "Desiro City"
History
Opened	1860-1863
Technical
Line length	116 mi 63 ch (187.95 km) (Includes both branches down from Faversham)
Number of tracks	Mainly 2, 3 between London Victoria and Voltaire Jn and 4 between Shortlands Jn and Swanley Jn
Track gauge	4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Electrification	750 V DC third rail
Operating speed	145 km/h (90 mph)
Route map (Click to expand)

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Legend
London Victoria Grosvenor Road Victoria carriage sidings Grosvenor Bridge River Thames Battersea Park Battersea Park Road Brighton Main Line South West Main Line to London Waterloo all lines to Clapham Junction South London line Factory Junction Stewarts Lane TMD Wandsworth Road Jn Wandsworth Road Voltaire Road Jn Clapham High Street Shepherds Lane Jn Brixton Jn Brixton Atlantic lines to Peckham Rye Jn Catford loop line Holborn Viaduct–Herne Hill line to Farringdon Herne Hill Portsmouth Line to Tulse Hill West Dulwich Sydenham Hill Sydenham (Hill) or Penge Tunnel 2,141 yards (1,958 m) to Crystal Palace Crystal Palace and South London Junction Rwy Brighton Main Line (London Bridge branch) Penge East Kent House Crystal Palace line Mid-Kent line Hayes–Lewisham Beckenham Junction Catford loop line Shortlands Jn. Shortlands Bromley South Bickley to London Bridge and other London terminals Chislehurst Junction South Eastern Main Line St Mary Cray to Orpington and Tonbridge River Cray Swanley Swanley Junction Maidstone line M25 motorway Farningham Road River Darent Horton Kirby Boys Home Fawkham Junction Longfield to High Speed 1 and former Gravesend West Branch Meopham Sole Street High Speed 1 M2 motorway North Kent Line towards London Medway Valley line to Maidstone Strood Rochester Bridge (LCDR) Rochester Bridge River Medway Goods station Rochester Rochester Common Chatham Central Fort Pitt Tunnel 428 yards (391 m) Chatham Chatham Tunnel 297 yards (272 m) Gillingham Tunnel 897 yards (820 m) Gillingham Gillingham Depot to Chatham Dockyard Rainham Newington Sheerness line Sittingbourne Teynham Faversham Dover branch Ramsgate branch Whitstable Town Whitstable Canterbury & Whitstable Rwy Chestfield & Swalecliffe Hampton pier Herne Bay and Hampton-on-Sea (1861-1863) Herne Bay RAF Manston Birchington-on-Sea Westgate-on-Sea Margate Margate Sands (SER) Selling Margate East Broadstairs Tivoli Dumpton Park Hereson Road (Tunnel Railway) Ramsgate Harbour Tunnel 1,124 yards (1,028 m) Ramsgate Harbour (LCDR) Ramsgate Town (SER) Ramsgate Depot Ramsgate St Lawrence for Pegwell Bay Ebbsfleet and Cliffsend Halt Ashford to Ramsgate line Canterbury East Kent Coast line Bekesbourne Adisham Aylesham Snowdown East Kent Railway Shepherds Well Shepherd's Well Tunnel 2,376 yards (2,173 m) Stonehall and Lydden Halt Kearsney Kent Coast line from Ramsgate Buckland Junction Charlton Tunnel 265 yards (242 m) Priory Tunnel 158 yards (144 m) Dover Priory Dover Harbour Tunnel 684 yards (625 m) Dover Harbour Mileage change 77 mi 76 ch (Victoria) 76 mi 50 ch (Charing Cross) Hawkesbury Street Junction Connection to train ferry Dover Town Pier Junction Archcliffe Junction Admiralty Pier South Eastern Main Line Dover Marine

The Chatham Main Line is a railway line in England that links London Victoria^[1] and Dover Priory / Ramsgate, travelling via Medway (of which the town of Chatham is part, hence the name).

Services to Cannon Street follow the route as far as St Mary Cray Junction where they diverge onto the South Eastern Main Line near Chislehurst.

Thameslink services to Luton run in parallel from Rainham to Rochester, diverging once across the River Medway at Rochester Bridge Junction onto the North Kent Line via Gravesend and Dartford.

A shuttle service operates on the Sheerness Line which starts at Sittingbourne.

Most services on the Line are run by SE Trains and Southern. Govia Thameslink Railway run some Thameslink services, the first starting from London Blackfriars and travelling via Denmark Hill on the Catford Loop, joining at Shortlands Junction, travelling to Swanley before heading to Sevenoaks. The second service starts from Kentish Town and also travels via the Catford Loop to Shortlands Junction, travelling to Bickley before heading off to Orpington. The final service starts at Luton and goes via London Bridge, Greenwich, Dartford and Gravesend to Rochester before terminating at Rainham in the bay platform 0.

While travelling between Bromley South and London Victoria, the trains can either travel on the main line, through Beckenham Junction, Herne Hill and Brixton, or via the Catford Loop Line, coming away from the main line at Shortlands Junction, travelling through Catford and Peckham Rye, and then just past Brixton it either picks up the Southeastern line all the way, or can follow the Southern (Atlantic) Line through Clapham High Street before crossing back over to the Southeastern Line to London Victoria. The hourly stopping service is now scheduled to run via Catford, additionally stopping at Denmark Hill.

The off-peak timetable consists of two trains per hour from Victoria, calling at Bromley South, Longfield, Meopham, Rochester, Chatham, Gillingham and Rainham. One service will call at Newington, Sittingbourne, Teynham and Faversham, then all stations to Dover Priory via Canterbury East. The other service will just call at Sittingbourne and Faversham, then all stations to Margate and Ramsgate. These trains no longer split up at Faversham. There is an hourly service from Victoria calling at Denmark Hill via the Catford Loop, Bromley South, St Mary Cray then all stations to Gillingham. It then becomes a semi-fast service, calling at Rainham, Sittingbourne, Faversham, Canterbury East, and Dover Priory. A High Speed Service sees two trains per hour from St Pancras International to Faversham via Gravesend and Chatham. One service terminates at Faversham before travelling back to St Pancras International via Chatham and Gravesend. The other service continues coastbound as a semi-fast service calling at Whitstable, Herne Bay, Birchington, Margate, Broadstairs and Ramsgate. It then carries on, stopping at Sandwich, Deal, Walmer, Martin Mill, Dover Priory, Folkestone Central, Folkestone West and Ashford International, before picking up the High Speed Line to Ebbsfleet International, Stratford International and arriving back at St Pancras International. A service operates in the opposite direction. There is one other High Speed Service that runs on a small part of the line, starting from Margate and calling at Broadstairs and Ramsgate before heading to Canterbury West, and Ashford International, then picking up the High Speed Line and calling at the remaining stations to St Pancras International. A Thameslink service now starts from Rainham and calls at nearly all stations via Strood, Gravesend, Dartford, Abbey Wood (for Elizabeth line services), Woolwich Arsenal and Greenwich (both for the Docklands Light Railway), London Bridge, Blackfriars and beyond. Passengers for Waterloo East, Charing Cross or Cannon Street now have to change at London Bridge.

The following trains are operated on the line : Class 465 "Networker" since 1992, Class 466 "Networker" since 1993, Class 375 "Electrostar" since 2001, Class 395 "Javelin" since 2009, and 8-car Class 700 "Desiro City" since 2018.

The line was built by the London, Chatham and Dover Railway, who were in competition with the South Eastern Railway (hence the duplication of stations in Kent). They subsequently built lines to Sevenoaks and Ashford (via Maidstone) from the Chatham Main Line.

The line was electrified (750 V DC third rail) in a series of stages. Initially the new Southern Railway electrified the urban (within London) workings of the SECR in the 1920s. In July 1925 "South Eastern Electrification (Stage 1)" saw the line from Victoria to junction with the South Eastern Main Line at Bickley, including the Catford Loop Line electrified.^[2] This was extended to outer suburban workings to Sevenoaks via Swanley (Bickley junction to Swanley) in two stages, reaching St Mary Cray in May 1934^[2] and Swanley in January 1935.^[2] Full outer suburban electrification was achieved with the "Maidstone & Gillingham Electrification" scheme in July 1939, extending electrification from Swanley to Gillingham.^[2] Post war, under the BR's 1955 Modernisation plan, electrification was completed (Gillingham to Ramsgate and Dover) under "Kent Coast Electrification" stage 1 in 1959.^[2] At the same time the four track section between Shortlands and St Mary Cray junction was extended to Swanley Junction with a complete rebuilding of the St Mary Cray Junction. Two passing loops were added (to create a four-track section) between Rainham and Newington.

A short branch was built during World War One to service the construction of RAF Manston with a junction off the up line at Birchington on Sea.

Heading away from Victoria, between Farningham Road and Longfield Stations, the line which was originally used by Eurostar trains travelling from Waterloo International towards Fawkham Junction to access High Speed 1 still exists, but is currently not in use.

At one time this line was reserved for emergency use only by Class 395 Javelins travelling to/from Ashford International but, as the route knowledge has not been updated, no trains run on this line any more.

The Eurostar trains can no longer use this line as the Class 373 "Eurostar e300" trains had their 750V DC third rail shoes removed in 2007, whilst the new Class 374 "Eurostar e320" trains are not fitted with third rail equipment.

The idea of this project is for control of East Kent from Longfield to Ramsgate and just short of Dover Priory to be under the control of the East Kent Signalling Centre (EKSC) based at Gillingham.

Phase 1 of the project was carried out over the Christmas and New Year period of 2011, which involved the complete re-signalling from just east of Sittingbourne to Faversham, then on to Minster Junction and Buckland Junction, just short of Dover Priory. The old signal boxes were then abolished at Faversham, Margate, Ramsgate, Canterbury East and Shepherdswell. Phase 2 involved the re-signalling of the line between Sittingbourne to Longfield and Strood, including the Sheerness Branch Line and the Medway Valley Line to operate from the East Kent Signalling Centre at Gillingham, which is now operational. This means that the Signal Boxes at Rainham and Rochester have now closed, although Sittingbourne remains open as a relay signal box for the Sheerness Branch Line, controlled from Gillingham.

On 13 December 2015, a new £26M Rochester station on Corporation Street opened 500 m west of the original station which it replaced. This station has three platforms and can accommodate 12-car trains instead of the 10-cars maximum length at the original station. Some 12-car peak-time trains are additionally stopping here. At the time, only platforms 1 and 2 were operational. From Easter 2016, Platform 3 was only a Bay Platform with a maximum length of eight cars, but since 10 October 2016, Platform 3 became a through platform with services either able to head towards the Kent Coast or terminating here before head back up towards London. At the East End of the platform, a third line now runs all the way up to the old Rochester Station passing through what was Platform 4 before rejoining the Down Main towards Chatham. This can also enable long freight trains to be held here, allowing passenger services to pass, therefore removing a potential bottleneck.

Rainham has a new bay platform off the up-line, which can accommodate a 12-car train, labelled Platform 0. It was being used temporarily as a Terminus for a couple of evening rush hour trains, but since the introduction of the new Thameslink Metro timetable in 2018, this is now the terminus for services to Luton via Gravesend, Dartford, Woolwich Arsenal and Greenwich, stopping at all but a few stations to London Bridge.

Strood has also been lengthened to accommodate 12-car trains.

• On 10 September 1963, a freight train became divided and was derailed between Farningham Road and Longfield due to defects in a wagon. The line was closed until 13 September.^[3]

• South Eastern Main Line

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